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L B Hanna was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Dakota from 1913 until 1917.
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L Douglas Wilder was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Virginia from 1990 until 1994.
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La Fayette Grover was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Oregon from 1870 until 1877.
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A Labourite is a member of the British Labour Party.
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Lady Eleanor Butler was an Irish recluse and lesbian. She was born in 1738 and died in 1821. In 1777 she met Sarah Ponsby in Kilkenny, fell in love and the two moved to Plas Newydd in Wales where they lived together in a farmhouse, never sleeping apart or out of it until their deaths fifty years later.
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Lady Godiva was the wife of Leofric, the Earl of Mercia and Lord of Coventry who, in 1040, imposed certain exactions upon his tenants, which his lady besought him to remove. The Earl said he would remove them, but only if his wife rode naked through the town. This she duly did, and the earl kept his promise. According to legend, the entire towns folk staid indoors during the ride, except for a single tailor who looked through his windows as the lady passed. From the Taylor we get the expression of a peeping Tom, or more fully a peeping Tom of Coventry.
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Lady Henry Somerset (real name Lady Isabel Caroline Somerset nee Somers-Cocks) was a British temperance activist and philanthropist. She was born in 1851 and died in 1921. Marrying Lord Henry Somerset in 1873, the Lady Isabel Caroline Somers-Cocks became Lady Henry Somerset and around 1890 became an active worker for temperance, particularly among women and children. She founded and edited 'The Woman's Signal' and at Duxhurst in Surrey established an industrial colony for alcoholic women and a babies' home.
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Lady Jane Grey was a Queen of England. She assumed the throne in 1553 as Edward VI lay in his death bed. Despite the Council recognising her claim, the country rallied to Mary, Catherine of Aragon's daughter and a devout Roman Catholic. Lady Jane Grey reigned for only nine days and was later executed (as was her husband) in 1554.
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Lafayette S Foster was an American politician. He was born in (1806 at Connecticut and died in 1880. He was a descendant of Miles Standish and was admitted to the bar in 1831, was elected to the State Legislature in 1839, 1840 and 1846, and was Speaker in 1847, 1848. and 1854. He was a US Senator from 1855 until 1867, and served on the committees on land claims, public lands, pensions, the judiciary and foreign relations, and was president of the Senate from 1865 to 1867. He was Speaker of the Connecticut Assembly in 1870, and was a judge of the State Supreme Court from 1870 to 1876.
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The Lahu are an aboriginal people of the Lolo group in south-west China.
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The Lahuli are a people of the Gahr Valley, India.
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Lamar Alexander is an American politician. He was born in 1940, at Maryville, Tennessee. He has been Governor of Tennessee, president of the University of Tennessee and US Education Secretary. Governor Alexander helped Tennessee become the third largest automobile producer, the fastest growing state in family incomes and the first state to pay teachers more for teaching well. As chairman of the National Governor's Association he began 'Time for Results', the governors' five-year initiative to create better schools. He chaired President Reagan's Commission on Americans Outdoors, encouraging a 'prairie fire' of support for local land trusts and greenways and an expanded Land and Water Conservation Fund.
As the US Secretary of Education, he helped President Bush push for higher academic standards, 'break the mold schools' and a GI Bill for Kids to give poor families more choices of good schools. The Education Commission of the States and the National College Athletic Association have given him their highest honours, the James B. Conant and Teddy Roosevelt awards. In 1987, he co-founded Bright Horizons Family Solutions, Inc, (NASDAQ) which has become the nation's largest provider of worksite day care. He is an active investor in and board member of several private companies. Governor Alexander is author of seven books including Six Months Off, the story of his family's life in Australia after eight years in the Governor's residence.
An accomplished pianist, he has performed with twenty symphony orchestras and the Billy Graham Crusade and on the Grand Ole Opry. In 1996 and 2000, Governor Alexander was a candidate for the Republican nomination for president of the United States. On January the 4th 1969, Lamar Alexander married Honey Buhler in Victoria, Texas. They have four children and live in Nashville where he is chairman of the Salvation Army Initiative to help families move from welfare to work, and she is president of Family and Children's Service. Governor Alexander is also an elder in Westminster Presbyterian Church.
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Lamartine G Hardman was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Georgia from 1927 until 1931.
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The Lamuts are a division of the Tunguses people, thinly spread around the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk.
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A Lancastrian is an inhabitant of Lancashire.
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Lancelot Andrews was an English clergyman. He was in 1555 at London and died in 1626. He was high in favour both with Queen Elizabeth I and James I. In 1605 he became Bishop of Chichester, in 1609 was translated to Ely, and appointed one of the king's privy-councillors; and in 1618 he was translated to Winchester. He was one of those engaged in preparing the authorized version of the Scriptures. He left sermons, lectures, and other writings.
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A landammann is a chief magistrate in certain Swiss cantons. The term used to be applied to the chief officer in certain smaller administrative districts of Switzerland.
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Lane Dwinell was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Hampshire from 1955 until 1959.
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Langdon Cheves was an American statesman. He was born in 1776 at South Carolina and died in 1857. He was elected to Congress in 1810; was chairman of the Naval Committee in 1812 and of
that of Ways and Means in 1813. In 1814 he succeeded Henry Clay as Speaker, serving during Clay's absence in Europe, for one year. He was president of the United States bank from 1819 until1822. In 1832 he condemned nullification as not sufficiently thorough-going.
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The Lango are a village-dwelling people of the Nile region of Uganda.
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A lanista was a man who purchased and looked after gladiators.
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The Lao are a people who live along the Mekong river system in Laos (about 2 million) and north Thailand (about 9 million). The Lao language is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family. The majority of Lao live in rural villages. During the wet season, May-Oct, they grow rice in irrigated fields, though some shifting or swidden cultivation is practised on hillsides. Vegetables and other crops are grown during drier weather. The Lao are predominantly Buddhist though a belief in spirits, phi, is included in Lao devotions. There are some Christians among the minority groups.
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Lao Tsze was a Chinese philosopher who wrote the Tao Te Ching. He lived around 590 BC.
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The Laotian are an Indo-Chinese people who live along the Mekong river system. There are approximately 9 million Laotians in Thailand and 2 million in Laos. The Laotian language is a Thai member of the Sino-Tibetan family.
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Lascelles Abercrombie was an English poet and literary critic. He was born in 1881 at Ashton-on-Merseyside, Cheshire and died in 1938.
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The Latins were an ancient people of Latium. In very early times the Latins formed a league of thirty cities of which the town of Alba Longa became the head. As Rome was a colony of Alba Longa, the Romans spoke the language of the Latins, which was Latin.
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The Latukas are a tribe of tall people from the Sudan, averaging six feet in height. The women decorate their face and heads by scarring patterns in to the skin.
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Sir Laurence Alma-Tadema was an Anglo-Dutch painter. He was born in 1836 at Dronrijp and died in 1912. He studied at the Antwerp Academy, and in 1870 emigrated to England. In 1873 he was elected ARA and in 1879 to the Royal Academy. He was knighted in 1899 and awarded the Order of Merit in 1905.
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Laurence Binyon was an English poet, art critic and Orientalist. He was born in 1869 at Lancaster and died in 1943. Educated at St Paul's School, London and Trinity College, Oxford, he worked at the British museum from 1893 to 1933, in 1909 becoming assistant keeper in the department of Oriental prints and drawings.
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Laurence Stern was a British novelist and humorist. He was born in 1713 at Clonmel, Ireland and died in 1768. He was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, graduated in 1736 and was ordained later that year moving to work at Sutton in Yorkshire. His first literary success was 'The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy'.
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Laurence Sterne was a British novelist. He was born in 1713 and died in 1768.
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Lawrence Durrell was an English poet, novelist and travel writer. He was born in 1912 and died in 1990.
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Lawrence Hargrave was an Australian engineer and inventor. He was born in 1850 at Greenwich, England before moving to Australia in 1865. In 1883 he resigned his position at the Sydney Observatory to devote his time to aeronautical experiments, inventing a box-kite wing form in 1893 which was used in early aircraft and in 1899 inventing a radial rotary engine which was to prove the predecessor of early aircraft engines.
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Lawrence Edward Oates was an English Antarctic explorer. He was born in 1880 and died in 1912. Accompanying Captain Robert Scott on his second expedition to the south pole, he died by committing suicide in a blizzard on the return journey from the south pole with Scott so that the others would not be hampered by his frost-bite.
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Lawrence S Ross was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Texas from 1887 until 1891.
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Lawrence W Wetherby was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kentucky from 1950 until 1955.
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Layamon was a British metrical historian. He lived around 1200 and wrote ' Brut'.
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The Laz are a Turkish tribe of the Grazinian people.
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Lazare Carnot was a French general. He was born in 1753 and died in 1823. He joined the army as an engineer, and at the Revolution earned the title of ' Organizer of victory', since he not only reformed French fighting methods, but also introduced efficient systems of supplying munitions, clothing, and especially food, to the troops. After the coup d'etat of 1797 he went abroad, but returned in 1799 and was made War Minister from 1800 to 1801. In 1814 as governor of Antwerp he put up a brilliantly successful defence. He was Minister of the Interior during the Hundred Days, he was proscribed at the Restoration and retired to Magdeburg, where he died. His great work on fortification (De la defense de places fortes published in 1810) became a military textbook.
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Lazarus W Powell was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kentucky from 1851 until 1855.
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Charles Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) was a Swiss architect and artist. He was born in 1887 and died in 1965.
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Le Duc Tho is a Vietnamese diplomat. He was born in 1911. He was joint winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in negotiating an end to the Vietnam War in 1973.
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Margaret LeAnn Rimes is an American singer. She was born in 1982 at Jackson, Mississippi. She started singing when she was three years old and cut her first album when she was eleven years old.
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Lee Cruce was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Oklahoma from 1911 until 1915.
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Lee De Forest was an American inventor. He was born in 1873 and died in 1961. He was the first person to use alternating-current transmission. He improved the thermionic valve detector enabling wireless and sound films to be made.
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Lee E Emerson was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1951 until 1955.
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Lee Harvey Oswald was an American Communist accused of assassinating President John F Kennedy in 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was born in 1939 in New Orleans. A one-time Marine, Lee Harvey Oswald defected to the Soviet Union in 1959 but was refused citizenship, and so returned to the USA in 1962 and became chairman of the 'US Fair Play For Cuba' organisation. Arrested for circulating communist leaflets in September 1963, in November he was chased following the shooting of the President by two policemen. One was shot and killed by Lee Harvey Oswald before he was arrested. He never admitted the assassination, and was himself shot and killed while awaiting trial.
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Lee M Russell was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi from 1920 until 1924.
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Lee S Dreyfus was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Wisconsin from 1979 until 1983.
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The Legentiacii or Belgae were the ancient British tribe occupying the area then known as Suthrea, now Surrey.
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Leif Ericson was a Viking explorer. He lived around 1000 and continued the explorations of his father, Eric the Red, from Greenland. He is credited with discovering Labrador, Nova Scotia and the East coast of America.
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The Lekhumans are a north-western Georgian tribe of the Grazinian people.
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Leland Stanford was an American capitalist and politician. He was born in 1824 at Watervliet, New York and died in 1893. In 1849 he went to Wisconsin to practise as a lawyer. In 1856 he was in San Francisco when his business career took off, and some years later he became renowned as a railway magnate, and as president of the Central Pacific Railroad he superintended its construction over the mountains.. He was a Republican governor of California from 1862 until 1863 and was elected a senator in 1884 and again in 1890. He founded Leland Stanford Junior University in memory of his son.
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Lemuel Francis Abbott was an English portrait painter. He was born in 1760 and died in 1803. He is best known for his portrait 'Nelson' which hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in London.
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Lemuel H Arnold was an American politician. He was a National-Republican governor of Rhode Island from 1831 until 1833.
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Lemuel Shaws was an American jurist. He was born in 1781 and died in 1861. He was Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court from 1830 to 1860. He was regarded as one of the foremost of the New England jurists.
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Len B Jordan was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Idaho from 1951 until 1955.
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Sir Leonard Hutton was an English cricketer. He was born in 1916 at Fulneck, Yorkshire and died in 1990. He played for Yorkshire and England, first playing for England in 1937, scoring a century in his first Test match against Australia in 1938. Also in 1938 in a Test match against Australia at the Oval he scored a then record 364 runs. He captained England in 1953, regaining the Ashes from Australia and again under his captaincy England retained the Ashes during the Australian tour of 1954-1955. He retired from cricket in 1956 and was knighted the same year.
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Len Small was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Illinois from 1921 until 1929.
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Lene Nystrom is a Norwegian singer. She was born in 1973 at Tonsberg. She is a member of the comic pop group 'Aqua'.
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Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (real name Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov) was a Russian revolutionary. He was born in 1870 at Simbirsk and died in 1924. After practising law, he devoted himself fulltime to the revolutionary cause and in 1895 was banished to Siberia, being released in 1900. In 1902, while in London he published the notion that Communist revolution should be led by a disciplined party of professional revolutionaries, the notion was proposed at a meeting of the Social Democratic Party and the majority of delegates passed the notion, forming a movement known as the majority, or Bolsheviks. Lenin took part in the 1905 revolution, and after its failure fled Russia to Switzerland, returning to Russia in 1917 as another revolution started. After the Russian government was deposed Lenin was appointed president.
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Lennart Torstensson was a Swedish soldier. he was born in 1603 at Torstena and died in 1651. He served under Gustavus Adolphus against the Danes and in Germany, where he was in charge of the artillery. After his master's death in 1632, he was one of the Swedish leaders during the Thirty Years' War, and in 1641 was made commander-in-chief.
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Leo A Hoegh was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Iowa from 1955 until 1957.
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Leo Africanus was a Berber traveller and geographer, who, towards the end of the 15th century, travelled through western Asia and north and central Africa. While returning by sea from Egypt he was seized by Pirates and sent to Rome, where he became a Christian. His account of his travels, written in Italian and published in 1550 was for a long time the chief source of information on the Sudan.
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Leo Delibes was a French composer. He was born in 1836 and died in 1891.
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Leo Elthon was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Iowa from 1954 until 1955.
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Count Leo Nikolaievich Tolstoy was a Russian novelist, social reformer and religious teacher. He was born in 1828 at Tula and died in 1910. A member of an ancient family which was enobled under Peter the Great he lost his parents when he was young and was raised by relatives. Educated at Kazan, he took a commission in the army in 1851 and begun writing his first story 'The Cossacks', which was published in 1863. He wrote 'War and Peace' a narrative of the Napoleonic War during on his experiences serving during the Crimean War and examining the psychology of the Russian people, and also 'Anna Karenina'.
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Leon Abbett was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Jersey from 1884 until 1887.
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Leon C Phillips was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Oklahoma from 1939 until 1943.
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Leon R Taylor was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Jersey from 1913 until 1914.
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Leonard Bernstein was an American composer, conductor and pianist. He was born in 1918 at Lawrence, Massachusetts and died in 1990. He was educated at Harvard University and the Curtis Institute of Music. From 1958 to 1969 he was Music Director of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. He conducted major orchestras around the world and composed Chichester Psalms, Jeremiah Symphony, Mass and West Side Story.
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Leonard J Farwell was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Wisconsin from 1852 until 1854.
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Leonard Ray Blanton was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Tennessee from 1975 until 1979.
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Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian artist, architect and scientist. He was born in 1452 at Vinci and died in 1519. Leonardo da Vinci was born the illegitimate son of a Florentine notary and a peasant girl. Despite his notorious birth, he showed promise as a child and in 1470 was sent to study art at the studio if Andrea del Verrocchio. In 1482 he settled in Milan under the patronage of Duke Ludovico Sforza, for whom he painted the 1498 'Last Supper' on a wall of the refectory of the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie. After 1500 he entered service with Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna as an architect and engineer. Leonardo da Vinci recorded scientific studies in mirror writing in unpublished note books which have subsequently been discovered and designed the first helicopter (on paper) as well as recording anatomical details after carrying out dissections.
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Leonardo Fibonacci (Leonardo of Pisa) was an Italian mathematician. He was born around 1770 and died about 1250. He popularised the decimal system in Europe.
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Leone Levi was an English economist. He was born in 1821 at Ancona, Italy and died in 1888. He came to England in 1844 and settled at Liverpool where he taught political economy and advocated the establishment of chambers of commerce.
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Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician. He was born in 1707 and died in 1783. He was a founder of modern mathematics, doing important work in algebra, astronomy, hydrodynamics and optics.
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Leonid Nicolaievitch Andreev was a Russian novelist and dramatist. He was born in 1870 at Orel and died in 1919. While working as a journalist, reporting on war stories, he started writing short stories which rapidly gained popularity, and afterwards he wrote several plays. His writing is notable for its graphical accounts and analysis of madness.
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Leonidas was the King of Sparta when Greece was invaded by Xerxes in 480bc. He was killed in battle at Thermopylae.
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Leonidas Polk was an American clergyman and soldier. He was born in 1806 and died in 1864. He was engaged in the service of the Episcopal Church after 1831, and was Bishop of Louisiana from 1841 to 1861. He strongly sympathized with the secession movement, and, being a West-Pointer, was appointed major-general, and superintended the construction of fortifications at New Madrid, Fort Pillow, Island No 10 and Memphis. He commanded at Belmont, and led a corps at Shiloh and Corinth. He commanded the right wing at Chickamauga, where it was asserted that his disobedience of orders saved the National army from annihilation. He served with General Johnston in opposing General Sherman at Atlanta, and was killed near Kenesaw Mountain in June, 1864.
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Leopold, Duke of Albany, was an English prince. He was born in 1853 at Buckingham Palace and died in 1884. The youngest son of Queen Victoria, he was educated at Oxford and made a privy councillor in 1874 and duke of Albany in 1882. He married Helen Frederica Augusta, princess of Waldeck-Pyrmont by whom he had a son (Leopold Charles, who famously fought against Britain with the Germans during the Great War) and a daughter.
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Leopold Auer was an American violinist. He was born in 1845 at Veszprem, Hungary and died in 1930. He studied in Budapest and Vienna and with the celebrated Hungarian violinist Joseph Joachim in Germany. Through a friendship with the pianist and composer Anton Rubinstein, then director of the Conservatory of Saint Petersburg, Auer was appointed professor of violin at that institution in 1868. In 1883 he became a Russian subject. He was soloist to the czar's court and founded the first important string quartet in Russia. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Auer gave concerts abroad. His first American recital was in 1924. In 1926 he became an American citizen. He was particularly known as a great violin teacher; his pupils included the American violinists Mischa Elman and Jascha Heifetz.
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Leopold I was king of the Belgians. He was born in 1790 and died in 1865. At any early age Prince Leopold took service with Russia and in 1813 fought against Napoleon at Lutzen, Bautzen and Leipzig and entered Paris with the allied sovereigns. Prince Leopold visited England in 1815, and the following year married the Princess Charlotte, daughter of George IV, was naturalized and created Duke of Kendal and made a General in the British army. In 1830 Belgium revolted from the Netherlands, and in 1831 Prince Leopold was elected first king of the Belgians.
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Leopold Von Buch was a German geologist. He was born in 1774 and died in 1853. He made extensive geological studies of Europe, the Canary Islands and the Hebrides, wrote several books on the subject and produced a famous geological map of Germany.
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Leopold Philip von Heister was a Hessian soldier. He was born in 1707 and died in 1777. A Hessian lieutenant-general and commander of all the Hessians in America, he landed at Long Island in command of two Hessian brigades in 1776, and aided the British against the colonies at that place and at White Plains. In 1777 he was recalled, at the desire of Howe.
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Leper is a term given to a person suffering from the disease leprosy.
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Leroy Collins was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Florida from 1955 until 1961.
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Leslie A Miller was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Wyoming from 1933 until 1939.
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Leslie Hore-Belisha was an English barrister and politician. He was born in 1893 at Devonport and died in 1957. After serving in the Great War he became a journalist, working in London, before in 1923 being called to the Bar as Liberal MP for Devonport. In 1934, as Minister of Transport he gave his name to the 'Belisha' beacons at pedestrian road crossings and inaugurated the driving test for motorists. From 1937 to 1940 he was Secretary of State for War carrying out controversial modernisations of the armed forces, converting the British Army from a small force of volunteers into a huge conscripted force. After the Second World War he lost his seat during the July 1945 elections.
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Leslie Jensen was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of South Dakota from 1937 until 1939.
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Leslie M Shaw was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Iowa from 1898 until 1902.
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Sir Leslie Stephen was an English writer. He was born in 1832 at London and died in 1904. Educated at Eton, King's College, London and Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he became a fellow in 1854 he took orders but in 1862 developed an agnostic attitude and in 1875 relinquished his orders and became an agnostic. He was a contributor for The Saturday Review and The Pall Mall Gazette and The Cornhill Magazine, becoming editor of The Cornhill Magazine in 1871. In 1882 he was asked to edit The Dictionary of National Biography and in 1902 he was made a KCB. Leslie Stephen also wrote several books including biographies of George Eliot and Jonathan Swift.
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Lester C Hunt was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Wyoming from 1943 until 1949.
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Lester G Maddox was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Georgia from 1967 until 1971.
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Lester Bowles Pearson was a Canadian statesman. He was born in 1897 at Newtonbrook, Ontario, and died in 1972. He was educated at the University of Toronto and the University of Oxford. In 1928 he joined the Canadian department of external affairs as first secretary. His foreign assignments took him to London and to Washington, D.C., where he was ambassador from 1945 to 1946. He returned to Canada in 1946 and became undersecretary of state for external affairs; in 1948 he was named secretary of state for external affairs. He early advanced proposals for a Western alliance, which culminated in the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). A member of the Canadian delegation to the UN from 1948 to 1957, Pearson was president of the Seventh UN General Assembly from 1952 to 1953. In 1957 Pearson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his formulation of international policy in the post-Second World War period, and especially for his plan that led to the establishment of a UN emergency force in the
Suez Canal area in 1956. In 1958 he was selected to lead the Liberal party of Canada. In the elections of 1963 the Liberal party won a majority, and Pearson became prime minister, retiring in April 1968. Later in 1968 Pearson was appointed to head a commission sponsored by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to review and chart the future of economic aid to developing countries.
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Leucippus was a Greek philosopher. He lived around 430BC.
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Lev Davidovich Trotsky (real name Leiba Bronstein) was a Russian Soviet leader. He was born in 1877. In 1899 he was arrested at Odessa as a member of the South Russian Workmen's League, and was banished to Siberia for four years, but escaped three years into his exile. During the attempted revolution in Petrograd un 1905 he was president of the Petrograd Council of workmen, was again arrested, and banished to Siberia for life. Six months later he escaped and spent some years living in France, Switzerland and elsewhere, working as a journalist.
At the outbreak of the Great War, he was in Paris editing a Russian Socialist newspaper. At Petrograd during the revolution of 1917, he became a supporter of Lenin, and taking part in the abortive outbreak in July against the government of Kerensky, he was arrested and imprisoned. Liberated in September he began a campaign of intrigue against Kerensky.
Elected president of the Petrograd Soviet, after a time he formed the Bolshevist Revolutionary Committee, which in November started the coup d'etat that led to Kerensky's fall. Later with Lenin he seized power and established the Council of the people's Commissioners, Lenin being its president and Trotsky commissary for foreign affairs. In 1918 he became commissary for war, and in 1921 wrote 'The defence of terrorism'.
Trotsky was later assassinated, while in exile in South America, under orders from Stalin.
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The Levellers were a Puritan group led by John Lilburne who, during the regin of Charles I, fought for equality in social and religious matters and an end to social distinctions and discrimination.
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LEVELLERS
The Levellers were a group of men that first appeared in Surrey in April 1649 and went about pulling down park palings and levelling hedges, especially those on Crown lands.
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Leverett Saltonstall was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Massachusetts from 1939 until 1945.
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Levi K Fuller was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1892 until 1894.
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Levi Lincoln was an American politician. He was born in 1749 and died in 1820. He served in the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1780. From 1801 to 1805 he was Attorney-General of the United States. He was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts from 1807 to 1808 and acting Governor in 1809.
Levi Lincoln was an American politician. He was born in 1782 and died in 1868. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1814 to 1822. He was Governor of Massachusetts from 1825 to 1834. He was a Whig member of the US Congress from 1835 to 1841.
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Levi Parsons Morton was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New York from 1895 until 1896.
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Levi Woodbury was an American politician. He was born in 1789 and died in 1851. He was an earnest supporter of the War of 1812. He was appointed a Judge of the New Hampshire Supreme Court in 1817, and was Governor of New Hampshire from 1823 to 1824. He represented New Hampshire in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1825 to 1831. He was Secretary of the Navy in Jackson's Cabinet from 1831 to 1834, when he was transferred to the Treasury Department, and continued in Van Buren's Cabinet until 1841. He again served in the US Senate from 1841 to 1845, and was of great influence in the Democratic party. He was a Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1845 to 1851.
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Levin Winder was an American politician. He was a Federalist governor of Maryland from 1812 until 1816.
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Lewis Carroll was the pen-name of Charles Dodgson. He was an English mathematician and writer of poetry and children's books. He was born in 1832 and died in 1898.
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Lewis Cass was an American general and politician. He was born in 1782 at Exeter, New Hampshire and died in 1866. His early life was passed as a lawyer and politician in Ohio, broken by service in the War of 1812, during which he became brigadier-general, and fought at the Battle of the Thames. In the years between 1813 and 1831 he was Governor of Michigan Territory; during this period his management of Indian relations was highly regarded, and an expedition in 1820 into the heart of the Indian country yielded important results. General Cass published in 1823 'Inquiries Concerning the Indians'. His reputation was increased as Secretary of War between 1831 and 1836, US Minister to France between 1836 and 1842, US. Senator from Michigan between 1845 and 1848 and again from 1849 until 1857, and Secretary of State from 1857 until 1860. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for the Presidency in 1844 and 1852. In 1848 he gained the nomination, but was defeated in a close contest by General Taylor.
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Lewis E Parsons was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama during 1865.
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Lewis F Linn was an American politician. He was born in 1795 and died in 1843. He served during the War of 1812 as a surgeon. He was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1827. He represented Kentucky in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1833 to 1843.
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Lewis Henry Morgan was an American anthropologist. He was born in 1818 at Aurorar, New York and died in 1881. He became a lawyer at Rochester, and was an authority on the American aborigines.
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Lewis Morris was an American politician. He was born in 1726 and died in 1798. He was a delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777. He was a commissioner to the Western Indians in 1775 to induce them to join the colonists against the British. He signed the American Declaration of Independence. He was major-general of the New York State Militia.
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Lewis Morris Rutherfurd was an American astronomer. He was born in 1816 at Morrisania, New York and died in 1892. He was one of the pioneers of astronomical photography, constructing in 1864 the first refractor corrected for the chemical rays, and in 1868 introduced the use of an additional lens for adapting ordinary telescopes to photographic work.
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Lewis Mumford was an American social critic, philosopher, and historian. He was born in 1895 and died in 1990. Many of his books explore the relation between modern people and their environment.
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Lewis O Barrows was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1937 until 1941.
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Lewis R Bradley was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Nevada from 1871 until 1879.
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Lewis Theobald was an English dramatist and Shakespearean editor. He was born in 1688 at Sittingbourne, Kent and died in 1744. The son of a solicitor, he abandoned law for literature, translating classics, editing Shakespeare's plays and writing plays before dying in poverty.
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Li Po was a Chinese poet born in 700bc. He died by drowning.
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Liaquat Ali Khan was a Pakistani politician. He was born in 1895 and died in 1951. He was prime minister of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951 when he was assassinated during the conflict with Afghanistan.
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A lictor was a Roman civil officer, who attended upon the consuls or other chief magistrates when they appeared in public. Lictors executed the orders of the magistrate, especially where force was required, cleared the way before him, and dispersed a crowd when it impeded public business. It was the duty of the
lictors to inflict corporal and capital punishment.
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In colonial Virginia, a lieutenant was the leading officer of a county, corresponding to the lord-lieutenant of an English county. His duties were to enroll and lead the militia, and also to supervise the administration of the tobacco laws and hold a court for minor offences.
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Lilburn W Boggs was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Missouri from 1836 until 1840.
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Otto Lilienthal was a German inventor. He was born in 1848 at Auklam and died in 1896. He was one of the founders of the science of flight and conducted important work into gliding.
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Linda Smith was an English comedian. She was born in 1957 at Erith, Kent and died in 2006 of ovarian cancer. Educated at Erith College and Sheffield University where she studied English and drama, Linda Smith joined a touring theatre company in 1983 before becoming a stand-up comedian. She was noted for her dry, dead-pan humour, her gentle wit and humanitarianism which was typified by her performing benefit routines for striking coal miners' during the strikes of 1987. During the 1990's she appeared regularly at the Edinburgh Fringe, performing her one-woman show, but she is most famous for her regular appearances on BBC Radio 4 comedy shows such as 'The News Quiz' and 'Just a Minute', in 2002 winning the listeners poll to be voted 'Wittiest Person'.
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Charles A Lindbergh is an American airman. He was born in 1902 at Minnesota. He made the first non-stop flight between New York and Paris in 1927.
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Lionello Spada was an Italian painter. He was born in 1576 at Bologna and died in 1622. While working as assistant in the studio of the Caracci, he was taught painting and in 1615 he painted several important fresco works at Reggio, and his most remarkable work the Miraculous Draught of Fishes at the monastery of St Procolo at Parma.
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Fra Filippo Lippi was an Italian painter. He was born at Florence in 1406. He died in 1469. He painted the frescoes in the Prato cathedral.
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The Lisu are a Tibeto-Burman people living around south-west China.
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A Lithuanian is a member of the majority ethnic group living in Lithuania, comprising 80% of the population.
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Little Crow was a Sioux Indian chief. He led an outbreak of the Indians on the Upper Minnesota in 1863, but was defeated at Wood Lake. He was shot while making a raid in 1863.
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Little Turtle was a Miami Indian chief. He died in 1813. He commanded at the defeat of General Harmar on the Miami in 1790, and of General St Clair at St Mary's in 1791. He was one of the signers of the Greenville treaty in 1795.
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Littleton Waller Tazewell was an American politician. He was born in 1774 and died in 1860. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1796 to 1800, a Congressman from 1800 to 1801. He heartily supported the War of 1812. He was appointed a commissioner to Spain in 1819 under the treaty for the purchase of Florida. He represented Virginia in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1825 to 1833. He was a prominent member of the convention to revise the Virginia constitution in 1829, and was Governor of Virginia from 1834 to 1836. In 1840 he received eleven electoral votes for Vice-President.
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Livius Andonicus was the most ancient of the Latin dramatic poets. He lived about 240 BC. He was by origin a Greek, and for a long time a slave. A few fragments of his works have come down to us.
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Livy was a Roman historian. He was born in 59BC at Padua and died in 17.
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Llewellyn Powers was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1897 until 1901.
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Lloyd C Stark was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Missouri from 1937 until 1941.
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Lloyd Lowndes was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maryland from 1896 until 1900.
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David Lloyd-George was an English MP. He was born in 1863 at Manchester and died in 1945. He was elected to Parliament in 1890. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1908.
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Lobachevski was a Russian mathematician. He was born in 1793 and died in 1856. He pioneered the study of non-Euclidean geometry.
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Locke Craig was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1913 until 1917.
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The Lodi were a family of Afghan origin whose rule over northern India from 1451 to 1526 marked the last phase of the Delhi sultanate era. Their founder, Bahlul Lodi was born in 1451 and died in 1489 already had a strong base in the Punjab, and took advantage of Sayyid weakness to seize power in Delhi. He and his two successors extended power eastwards through Jaunpur to the borders of Bengal and threatened Malwa to the south.
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The Lollards were a religious body which, in the 13th century, opposed the doctrines and customs of the Church of Rome. The term Lollard was applied in the latter half of the 14th century to the followers of Wycliffe. The
Lollards soon outdistanced Wycliffe.
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The Lolos (Nesus) are a Chinese aboriginal tribe inhabiting the mountainous country between the Yang-tse-kiang and the Chien-Chang valley.
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Lon V Stephens was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Missouri from 1897 until 1901.
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Lope Felix de Vega Carpio was a Spanish dramatist and poet. He was born in 1562 and died in 1635. He served in the Spanish Armada against England.
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Federico Garcia Lorca was a Spanish poet and dramatist. He was born in 1899 and died in 1936 when he was shot for supporting the Republican Government by Franco's troops.
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Lord Charles William de la Poer Beresford was a British admiral. He was born in 1846 and died in 1919. He entered the navy in 1859 and became commander in 1875, captain in 1882, rear-admiral in 1897, vice-admiral in 1902 and admiral in 1906. He was in command of the Condor at the bombardment of Alexandria in 1882.
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Lord George Gordon Byron was an English poet. He was born in 1788 and died in 1824.
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Lord Henry Stewart Darnley was the second husband of Mary Queen of Scots and the father of James I. He was born in 1545 and died in 1567. He was persuaded to murder David Rizzio and helped Mary to escape to Dunbar. In 1567 he was killed in the house where he had been staying with Mary.
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Lord Louis Mountbatten was a British admiral and statesman. He was born in 1900 and died in 1979 when he was assassinated by the IRA. He was chief of combined operations in 1942 and the last viceroy of India.
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Lorenzo Bartolini was an Italian sculptor. He was born in about 1778 at Florence and died in 1850. He studied and worked in Paris, and was patronized by Napoleon. On the fall of the empire he returned to Florence, where he continued to exercise his profession. Among his greater works may be mentioned his groups of Charity, and Hercules and Lycas, a colossal bust of Napoleon, and the beautiful monument in the cathedral of Lausanne, erected in memory of Lady Stratford Canning. Bartolini ranks next to Canova among modern Italian sculptors.
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Lorenzo Crounse was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Nebraska from 1893 until 1895.
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Lorenzo D Lewelling was an American politician. He was a Populist governor of Kansas from 1893 until 1895.
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Lorenzo de Medici was an Italian politician. He was born in 1449 and died in 1492. He was the ruler of Florence from 1469. He was also a poet and a generous patron of the arts.
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Lorenzo Ghiberti was a Florentine sculptor. He was born in 1378 and died in 1455.
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Lorenzo Thomas was an American politician. He was born in 1804 and died in 1875. He was chief of staff of General Butler during the Mexican War. He was adjutant-general of the army from 1861 to 1863. He organized coloured troops from 1863 to 1865. In 1868 President Johnson, in the course of his quarrel with Secretary Stanton, appointed Thomas Secretary of War. This led directly to the impeachment of Johnson.
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Lorin Varencove Maazel is a French-born American conductor and violinist. He was born in 1930 at Neuilly, France. Brought up in Los Angeles, he began learning music aged five. As music director of the Cleveland Orchestra from 1972 to 1982, he was only the second American to have served as principal conductor of a major American orchestra.
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Lot M Morrill was an American politician. He was born in 1813 and died in 1883. He was president of the Maine Senate in 1856. He was Governor of Maine from 1858 to 1861. He represented Maine in the US Senate as a Republican from 1861 to 1876. He was a faithful worker and familiar with financial, naval and Indian affairs. He was Secretary of the Treasury in Grant's Cabinet from 1876 to 1877.
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Lothar, brother of Ecbert, was king of the Heptarchy in 673.
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Lothar Julius Meyer was a German chemist. He was born in 1830 at Varel and died in 1895. After working under Robert Bunsen at Heidelberg, he became assistant professor in Breslau in 1859. In 1866 he became professor of natural sciences at Eberswalde. In 1868 he went to Karlsruhe Polytechnicum where he was professor. In 1876 he succeeded Fittig in the chair of chemistry at Tubingen where he remained until his death. His chemical work covers a wide ground, the most important being his investigation on the natural system of classification of the elements, and his recalculation of the atomic weights.
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Lou Gehrig (Henry Louis Gehrig) was an American baseball player. He was born in 1903 at New York and died in 1941. He was nicknamed the Iron Horse for his incomparable stamina and strength, he was signed by the New York Yankees in 1923 and voted the American League's most valuable player in 1927, 1931, 1934, and 1936, he achieved a remarkable lifetime 493 home runs, a .340 lifetime batting average, and a record 2,130 consecutive games played. He stayed with the Yankees' for 17 years as their first baseman and most consistent hitter. Diagnosed with a degenerative muscle disease (now known as Lou Gehrig's disease), he retired from baseball in 1939. A film biography, Pride of the Yankees, appeared in 1942. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.
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Louie B Nunn was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kentucky from 1967 until 1971.
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Louis was a king of England. Heir to the French throne, he was invited to England by the Barons who were engaged in a struggle against John. Upon John's death in 1216, Louis was proclaimed king, and recognised by the English Barons and king of Scotland, but within a year was deposed by forces organised by the Pope who replaced him with Henry III.
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Louis A Wiltz was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana from 1880 until 1881.
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Louis Amedee Eugene Achard was a French journalist, novelist, and playwright. He was born in 1814 and died in 1875. He is best known as a novelist and wrote the novels Belle Rose, La Chasse royale, Chateaux en Espagne, Robe de Nessus, Chaines de fer, etc.
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Louis John Rudolph Agassiz was a Swiss geologist and zoologist. He was born in 1807 and died in 1873. The son of a Swiss Protestant clergyman at Metiers, near the eastern extremity of the Lake of Neufchatel. He completed his education at Lausanne, and early developed a love of the natural sciences. He studied medicine at Zurich, Heidelberg, and Munich. His attention was first specially directed to ichthyology by being called on to describe the Brazilian fishes brought to Europe from Brazil by Martius and Spix. This work was published in 1829, and was followed in 1830 by Histoire Naturelle des Poissons d'eaux donees de L'Europe Centrale (Freshwater Fishes of Central Europe). Directing his attention to fossil ichthyology, five volumes of his Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles appeared between 1834 and 1844. His researches led him to propose a new classification of fishes, which he divided into four classes, distinguished by the characters of the skin, as ganoids, placoids, cycloids, and ctenoids. His system was not generally adopted, but the names of his classes have been used as useful terms. In 1836 he began the study of glaciers, and in 1840 he published his Etudes sur les Glaciers, in 1847 his Systeme Glaciaire. From 1838 he had been professor of natural history at Neufchatel, when in 1846 pressing solicitations and attractive offers induced him to settle in America, where he was connected as a teacher first with Harvard University, Cambridge, and latterly with Cornell University as well as Harvard. After his arrival in America he engaged in various investigations and explorations, and published numerous works, including: Principles of Zoology, in connection with Dr. A. Gould (1848); Contributions to the Natural History of the United States (four volumes 1857-1862);
Zoologie Generale (1854); Methods of Study in Natural History (1863). In 1865-1866 he made zoological excursions and investigations in Brazil, which were productive of most valuable results. Louis Agassiz held views on many important points in science different from those which prevailed among the scientific men of the day, and in particular he strongly opposed the theory of evolution.
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General Louis Joseph Nicolas Andre was a French soldier and politician. He was born in 1838 and died in 1913. He served during the siege of Paris and became a general in 1893. In 1900 he was made minister for war, and in that capacity earned notoriety for the measures which he took to stamp ot monarchical and clerical sympathies among the officers of the army. He resigned in 1904.
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Daniel Louis Armstrong was a black American jazz musician and singer. He was born in 1900 and died in 1971. He was particularly renowned for his trumpet playing. He first learned to play the cornet in a waifs home in New Orleans, before switching to the trumpet and playing first on Mississippi river boats before forming his own small bands with whom he made some sixty recordings in the 1920s, before leading big bands and appearing in films, including the 1941 'The Birth of the Blues' which had a major influence on Dixieland jazz.
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Louis Baraguey-d'hilliers was a French general under the first empire. He was born in Paris 1764 and died in 1812. After serving under Custine and other generals he joined the army of Italy, and took Bergamo and Venice, of which he became governor. He took part in the expedition to Egypt, served in the campaigns in Germany and Spain, and commanded a division of the great army in the Russian campaign of 1812. He was intrusted with the direction of the vanguard in the retreat, but was compelled to capitulate. Napoleon ordered him to return to France as under arrest, but, overcome with grief and fatigue, he died at Berlin on the way, in December 1812.
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Louis Auguste Blanqui was a brother of Jerome Blanqui and a socialist revolutionist and conspirator. He was born in 1805 and died in 1881.
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Louis Bleriot was a French airman. He was born in 1872 and died in 1936. He made the first crossing of the English channel in an aircraft. The aircraft was his monoplane. The crossing, from Baraques to Dover, took place on July 25th 1909.
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Louis Botha was a Boer statesman. He was born in 1863 at Greytown, Natal and died in 1919. In his earlier days he took part with the Boers who seized a portion of the territory of the Zulus afterwards incorporated in the Transvaal, and subsequently was cornet in the Vryheid district, and a member of the Transvaal Volksraad. On the outbreak of the South African War he took an active part in the invasion of Natal and the operations against Ladysmith. In 1910 upon the formation of the Union of South Africa he became Prime Minister and Minister of Native Affairs, a post he held until his death.
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Louis Eugene Cavaignac was a French general and head of state. He was born in 1802 at Paris and died in 1857. He fought almost continuously in Algeria from 1832 to 1848, becoming minister of war in the provisional government of 1848 and later head of the executive power. Under his leadership, thousands of rebels were deported and newspapers were suppressed. His popularity quickly waned and in December 1848 he received very few votes against Louis Napoleon.
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Louis Couperin was a French composer. He was born in 1626 and died in 1661. He was trained by his father, and went to Paris about 1650 and soon became organist at the Church of Saint Gervais. Organist of the royal chapel and a member of the court orchestra, he was also a brilliant harpsichordist. His music reveals the heritage of the French lutenists and the contrapuntal, colouristic French organ school; it often shows a powerful use of dissonance and an unusual seriousness.
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Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre was a French scientist. He was born in 1789 and died in 1851. He discovered the process of photography and invented the diorama.
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Louis de Buade Frontenac was a French colonial administrator. He was born in 1620 and died in 1698. Governor of New France, he was a man of high military reputation, was appointed to that post in 1672. Being a man of violent passions and great self-will he quarreled with the intendant Duchesneau, the priests and the Jesuits, and was recalled in 1682. But in 1689, the colony having fallen into grave difficulties, he was reappointed. He organized the war against the English with great spirit and skill, and in 1690 sent out the expeditions which destroyed Schenectady, New York, Salmon Falls, New Hampshire, and Casco, Maine. In the same year he repulsed the attack of Sir William Phips upon Quebec. In 1696 he invaded in person the country of the Iroquois and inflicted upon them a crushing defeat.
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Louis de Casablanca was a French naval officer. He was born in 1755 at Corsica and died in 1798. He was mortally wounded at Aboukir (the battle of the Nile) and perished with his burning ship. He was made the subject of a poem by Felicia Hemans.
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Louis Elzevir was a Dutch printer. He was born in 1540 and died in 1617. He founded the Elzevir family printing business in Leyden around 1580, which became famous for producing fine pocket editions of the classics.
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Louis F Hart was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Washington from 1919 until 1925.
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Louis M Goldsborough was an American sailor. He was born in 1805 and died in 1877. He entered the navy at the age of seven, served in the Mediterranean in 1827, was promoted commander in 1841, and aided in the bombardment of Vera Cruz in 1847. In 1861 he was in command of the North Atlantic squadron, and planned the capture of Roanoke Island in 1862. He retired in 1873, as rear-admiral, having been longer in the service than any other officer to date.
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Louis Hennepin was a Belgian missionary. He was born in 1640 and died in 1701. A missionary of the Order of Recollets of St Francis he went to Canada in 1673, and founded a convent at Fort Frontenac in 1676. He accompanied La Salle's expedition to the West and to the Niagara and the Upper Lakes in 1678, and constructed Fort Crevecoeur in Illinois. Hennepin and his followers proceeded down the Mississippi until captured by the Sioux in 1680. On his return to Europe he published his 'Description de la Louisiane nouvellement decouverte au sud-ouest de la Nouvelle France', and in 1697 his 'Nouvelle decouverte d'un tres-grand pays situe dans l'Amerique, entre le Nouveau-Mexique et la mer Glaciale'. He claimed to be the first to descend to the mouth of the Mississippi, but this is open to dispute.
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Louis I was Emperor of France in 814.
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Louis II was king of Bavaria. He was born in 1845 and died in 1886, committing suicide. He was an amiable and eccentric ruler who was a great Patron of Wilhelm Wagner.
Louis II (Louis the Stammerer) was king of France in 877.
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Louis III was joint ruler of France in 879 together with Carloman II.
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Louis IX was King of France. He was born in 1214 and died in 1270 whilst on crusade.
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Louis J Brann was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maine from 1933 until 1937.
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Louis Joliet was a French explorer. He was born in 1645 at Quebec and died in 1700. He explored Canada and northern America.
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Louis Kossuth was a Hungarian statesman. He was born in 1802 and died in 1894. He was provisional Governor of Hungary during the Hungarian war for independence in 1848 and 1849. Exiled, he visited the United States from 1851 to 1852, and attempted to arouse the American people to support the cause of Hungary. However, the US Government at the time refused to interfere in the affairs of European powers.
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Louis L Emmerson was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Illinois from 1929 until 1933.
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Louis McLane was an American politician. He was born in 1786 at Delaware and died in 1857. He was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1827, Senator from 1827 to 1829, Minister to England from 1829 to 1831, and Secretary of the Treasury in Andrew Jackson's Cabinet from 1831 to 1833, when he resigned rather than order the removal of the deposits. He was then Secretary of State for a year. In 1845 to 1846 he was again Minister to England.
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