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E E Ellsworth was an American soldier. He was born in 1837 and died in 1861. In 1861 he was appointed colonel of a regiment of volunteer Union soldiers (known at the time as Zouaves), and was shot by the proprietor of a hotel in Alexandria, Virginia, while tearing down a Confederate flag from the hotel.
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E B Dudley was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of North Carolina from 1836 until 1841.
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Ernest Howard Shepard was an English artist and cartoonist. He was born in 1879 at London and died in 1976. He worked for Punch magazine and became renowned for his illustrations for children's books including A A Milne's 1926 'Winnie the Pooh' and Kenneth Grahame's 1931 'The Wind In The Willows'.
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E M Baerlein was a British amateur rackets and tennis player for Eton College, Cambridge University, and Manchester. He was born in 1880 and died in 1971. He won the British amateur singles title at rackets nine times over a period of twenty years between 1903 and 1923.
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E Y Sarles was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Dakota from 1905 until 1907.
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Eadbald was king of the Heptarchy in 616 and a son of St Ethelbert.
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Eadbert was king of the Heptarchy in 725. He was a son of Wihtred.
Eadbert was king of Northumberland in 737 until he retired to a monastery.
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Eadweard Muybridge (born Edward James Muggeridge) was a British photographer of animal locomotion. His photographs proved for the first time that when a horse trots there are times when all its feet are off the ground. He was born in 1830 and died in 1904.
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Eamon De Valera is an Irish national leader. He commanded an insurgent battalion during the uprising of Easter 1916. He established the independent state of Eire in 1937.
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Eanfrid was king of Bernicia in 634.
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Eanred was king of Northumberland in 809.
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Earl is now the third order in the nobility, but originally the first. The rank was introduced into Britain by the Danes, and the earl became a district administrator appointed by the king. For several centuries it was customary for earls to take their titles from the counties they administered, and for the king to make grants of land in the counties. The premier earldom is really that of Arundel, but as this is now united with the dukedom of Norfolk the senior earldom is that of Shrewsbury, which was created in 1442. The earl's mantle has three rows of ermine on the cape. His coronet is a circle of silver gilt, with eight silver balls on points and golden strawberry leaves between the points. The cap is the same as for the senior ranks.
When William the Conqueror invaded Britain he tried to replace the rank of Earl with that of Count, but was unsuccessful though the wife of an earl does bear the title of countess.
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Earl Godwin was Earl of the west Saxons. He died in 1053.
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Earl K Long was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana from 1939 until 1940.
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Earl L Brewer was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi from 1912 until 1916.
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Earl Marshal is one of the chief British officers of State. The Earl Marshal is head of the Herald's College, and controls the ceremonial arrangements for coronations, royal marriages, the opening of Parliament and other State occasions. In feudal times he was judge at the Courts of Chivalry.
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James Hepburn, the earl of Bothwell, was a Scottish nobleman. He was born about 1526 and died in 1576. It is believed that he was deeply concerned in the murder of Darnley, Queen Mary's husband, and that he was even supported by the queen. He was charged with the crime and tried, but, appearing along with 4000 followers, was readily acquitted. He was now in high favour with the queen, and with or without her consent he seized her at Edinburgh, and carrying her a prisoner to Dunbar Castle prevailed upon her to marry him after he had divorced his own wife. But by this time the mind of the nation was roused on the subject of Bothwell's character and actions. A confederacy was formed against him, and in a short time Mary was a prisoner in Edinburgh, and Bothwell had been forced to flee to Denmark, where he died in 1576.
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Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, was an Elizabethan courtier and English soldier. He was born in 1532 and died in 1588. He was introduced to court life at an early age, and was companion to Edward VI and Princess Elizabeth, and in 1550 married the ill-fated Amy Robsart. On Edward's decease he promoted the claims of his sister-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, as queen, was brought to trial, but ultimately pardoned. With Elizabeth's accession his influence increased. He was considered by many as a lover of the Queen, who made him an earl in 1564.
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Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford was one of Britain's greatest statesmen. He was born in 1676 in Norfolk and died in 1745. He was a Whig politician who sought to bring the court and the House of Commons into working alliance.
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Earl Of Southampton is an English title granted successively to the Fitzwilliam and the Wriothesley families. The first creation was in 1537, in favour of Sir William Fitzwilliam, keeper of the privy seal. Upon his death in 1542 the title became extinct, but was revived five years later when Thomas Wriothesley was made Earl Of Southampton. He was succeeded by his son, Henry Wriothesley and further children, all called Henry, until the fourth earl who held considerable property in London, still associated with his name, for example 'Southampton Row'. The fourth earl died in 1667, and with him the title became extinct.
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The Earl of Stirling (William Alexander) was a Scottish poet and statesman. He was born in 1567 at Menstrie, near Stirling and died in 1640. Educated at Glasgow and Leiden he became tutor to Archibald the 7th earl of Argyll and afterwards to the young king James, whom he accompanied to England in 1603. In 1621 he was rewarded with the grant of Nova Scotia and a vast hinterland and in 1631 he received the monopoly for printing the new version of the Psalms. From 1626 onwards he was secretary of state for Scotland, and on the coronation of Charles I was made Earl of Stirling.
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The Earl of Surrey (Henry Howard) was an English poet and soldier. He was born in 1517 and died in 1547. He introduced blank verse into English poetry. He fought in the French wars in 1543 and was wounded at Montreuil in 1544. In 1547 he was charged with plotting against the crown and was beheaded.
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Earl Snell was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Oregon from 1943 until 1947.
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Earl Van Dorn was an American soldier/ he was born in 1820 and died in 1863. He was promoted for gallant service at Cerro Gordo, Contreras and Churubusco, and aided in the capture of the City of Mexico. In 1856 he commanded an expedition against the Comanches. In 1861 he joined the Confederacy and succeeded Jefferson Davis as major-general of the Mississippi forces. He captured the steamer 'Star of the West', and received the surrender of Major Sibley and Colonel Reeve. In 1863 he commanded the trans-Mississippi Department. He was defeated at Pea Ridge and Corinth. He captured valuable stores at Holly Springs in 1862.
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Earl Warren was an American lawyer and politician. He was chief justice of the US Supreme Court from 1953 to 1969 and three times the Republican governor of California between 1943 until 1953.
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Earle C Clements was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kentucky from 1947 until 1950.
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Ebe W Tunnell was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Delaware from 1897 until 1901.
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The Ebellians were a German revivalist sect, which began at Konigsberg about 1836, its leaders being archdeacon Ebel and Dr Diestel, who were tried and condemned for unsound doctrine and impure lives in 1839. The sentence was annulled in 1842 by Royal Influence. The sect was popularly termed ' Mucker', which is German for hypocrite.
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Eben S Draper was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Massachusetts from 1909 until 1911.
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Ebenezer Elliott was an English poet and Chartist agitator. He was born in 1781 and died in 1849. He was known for his Corn-Law Rhymes.
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Ebenezer J Ormsbee was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1886 until 1888.
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Ecbert was king of the Heptarchy in 664.
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An ecdysiast is a striptease artist.
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Ecfrid was king of Northumberland in 670.
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Ed Jackson was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Indiana from 1925 until 1929.
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Edbert was king of the Heptarchy in 794.
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Edgar was King of Scotland from 1097 to 1107.
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Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer. He was born in 1809 at Boston and died in 1849. He wrote a number of horror and crime novels.
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Edgar D Whitcomb was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Indiana from 1969 until 1973.
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Edgar Degas was a French painter. He was born in 1834 at Paris and died in 1917.
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Edgar J Herschler was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Wyoming from 1975 until 1987.
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Edgar the Peaceful) was King of England from 959 to 975. He was born in 944 and died in 975.
Edgar was elected king by the northern insurgents against his brother Eadwig and on his brother's death in 959 became also king of the West Saxons.
Edgar was a firm and capable ruler, whose power was acknowledged by other rulers in Britain, as well as Welsh and Scottish kings. Edgar's late coronation in 973 at Bath was the first to be recorded in some detail; his queen Aelfthryth was the first consort to be crowned queen of England. Edgar was the patron of a great monastic revival which owed much to his association with Archbishop Dunstan. New bishoprics were created, Benedictine monasteries were reformed and old monastic sites were re-endowed with royal grants, some of which were of land recovered from the Vikings. In the 970s and in the absence of Viking attacks, Edgar - a stern judge - issued laws which for the first time dealt with Northumbria (parts of which were in the Danelaw) as well as Wessex and Mercia. Edgar's coinage was uniform throughout the kingdom. A more united kingdom based on royal justice and order was emerging; the Monastic Agreement passed around 970 praised Edgar as 'the glorious, by the grace of Christ illustrious king of the English and of the other peoples dwelling within the bounds of the island of Britain'. After his death on 8 July 975, Edgar was buried at Glastonbury Abbey, Somerset.
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Edgar Wallace was a British novelist. He was born in 1875 and died in 1932.
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Ediles were Roman officers with responsinbility for the streets, bridges, aqueducts, temples and city buildings generally.
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Edilwald was king of Northumberland in 759 until he was killed by Alred.
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Edith Louisa Cavell was an English nurse who helped allied soldiers to escape from occupied territory during the Great War. She was caught and shot by the Germans. She was born in 1865 in Norfolk and died in 1915.
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Edmond F Noel was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi from 1908 until 1912.
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Edmond C Genet was a French politician. He was born in 1765 and died in 1834. He was appointed Minister to the United States in 1792, and arrived in Charleston, South Carolina in 1793. He immediately took steps to induce the United States to aid France in her troubles with Great Britain, and unlawfully commissioned privateers from American ports. The executive had determined upon neutrality. Genet succeeded for a time in arousing enthusiasm among the people of the United States, and acted so imprudently that George Washington's administration requested his recall in 1794. He was afterward naturalized and became a citizen of the United States.
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Edmond Rostand was a French poet and dramatist. He was born in 1868 and died in 1918.
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Edmond Warre was an English scholar and educationist. He was born in 1837 and died in 1920. He held various posts at Eton, including assistant master from 1850 to 1884, headmaster from 1884 to 1905 and provost from 1909 to 1918. He was also honorary chaplain to the royalty from 1885 to 1920.
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Sir Edmund Andros was an English soldier and colonial Governor. He was born in 1637 at London and died in 1714. After being a soldier and bailiff of Guernsey he moved to a post as Governor of New York in 1674, holding the position until 1681. In 1680 he seized New Jersey. In 1686 James II appointed Sir Edmund Andros as Governor of the northern colonies, including New England and New York. The overthrow of James II led to the people of Boston deposing Sir Edmund Andros in 1689 and he was sent back to England. In 1692 he returned to America as Governor of Virginia, holding that post until 1698.
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Edmund Beaufort (2nd duke of Somerset) was an English statesman and soldier. A son of John Beaufort, earl of Somerset, and the younger brother of the duke of Somerset, Edmund Beaufort won military successes in France and succeeded his brother as earl of Somerset in 1444, and as a Beaufort and a favourite of the king was made lieutenant of France in 1447, with the disastrous result that Henry VI lost the whole of Normandy in 1450. Edmund Beaufort returned to England and was appointed high constable in 1452. Popular discontent spread against the king and his supporters and when the Duke of York became protector during the king's temporary incapacity, Edmund Beaufort was sent to the Tower of London. After his release in 1455 the duke of York raised an army against Edmund Beaufort and fought the first battle of the Wars of the Roses at St Albans on May the 23rd 1455, at which Edmund Beaufort was killed.
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Edmund Bonner was an English prelate. He was born about 1495 of obscure parentage and died in 1569. He took a doctor's degree at Oxford in 1525, and, attracting the notice of Cardinal Wolsey, received from him several offices in the church. On the death of Wolsey he acquired the favour of Henry VIII, who made him one of his chaplains, and sent him to Rome to advocate his divorce from Queen Catharine. In 1540 he was consecrated Bishop of London, but on the death of Henry VIII in 1547, having refused to take the oath of supremacy, he was deprived of his see and thrown into prison. On the accession of Mary he was restored to his bishopric, and he distinguished himself during this reign by a persecution of the Protestants, 200 of whom he was instrumental in bringing to the stake. After Elizabeth I succeeded he remained unmolested until his refusal to take the oath of supremacy, on which he was committed to the Marshalsea in 1560, where he remained a prisoner until his death in 1569.
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Edmund Burke was an Irish writer and statesman. He was born in 1729 at Dublin and died in 1797. After studying at Trinity College in Dublin, he moved to London and studied law at the Temple. He applied himself more to literature than to law, and in 1756 published his Essay on the Sublime and the Beautiful, which attracted considerable attention, and procured him the friendship of some of the most notable men of the time.
In 1761 he was appointed private secretary to W.G. Hamilton, secretary for Ireland. On his return he was rewarded with a pension of 300 pounds per annum, and obtained the appointment of private secretary to the Marquis of Buckingham, then First Lord of the Treasury, and in 1765 entered Parliament as member for Wendover. as a member of Parliament he advised badly on the question of taxing the American colonies. He was absent from Parliament from 1770, returning in 1774 as member for Bristol, advocating a policy of justice and conciliation towards the colonies. In 1782 he was appointed Paymaster-General of the Forces, shortly afterwards passing his bill for economic reform.
The chief feature in the latter part of Burke's life was his resolute struggle against the ideas and doctrines of the French revolution. His attitude on this question separated him from his old friend Fox, and the Liberals who followed Fox. His famous Reflections on the Revolution in France, a pamphlet which appeared in 1790, had an unprecedented sale, and gave enormous impetus to the reaction which had commenced in England. From this time most of his writings are powerful pleadings on the same side. We may mention An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs; Letter to a Noble Lord; Letters on a Regicide Peace; etc. In 1794 he withdrew from parliament. Three years after, on July the 8th, 1797, he died, his end being hastened by grief for the loss of his only son.
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Edmund Calamy was an English Presbyterian divine. He was born in 1600 at London and died in 1666. He engaged warmly in the religious disputes of the day, and was one of the writers of the famous treatise against Episcopacy, entitled Smectymnuus, a title furnished from the initial letters of the authors' names.
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Edmund Campian was an English Jesuit. He was born in 1540 and died in 1581. He was educated at Oxford, and distinguished himself greatly. Though at first a Roman Catholic, he adopted nominally the Reformed faith, and took deacon's orders in the Church of England; but he afterwards recanted, became a Jesuit, and attacked Protestantism, especially in his work Decem Rationes (Ten Reasons). In 1581 he was found guilty on a trumped-up charge of conspiring to raise sedition, and was accordingly executed.
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Edmund Cartwright was an English cleric and inventor. He was born in 1743 at Marnham and died in 1823. He invented a mechanical weaving machine and took out four patents for a wool-combing machine. He was educated at Oxford, and took orders in the church. In 1785, he brought his first power-loom into action. Although much opposed both by manufacturers and workmen, it made its way, and in a developed and improved form is now in universal use. Edmund Cartwright spent much of his means in similar inventions, and fell into straitened circumstances, from which a parliamentary grant of l0,000 pounds relieved him.
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Edmund Fanning was an American soldier. He was born in 1737 and died in 1818. At first a clerk of the North Carolina Supreme Court and a legislator. In 1777 he commanded a corps of loyalists, and fled to Nova Scotia at the close of the American War of Independence, having been notorious for his barbarity as a leader in partisan warfare.
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Edmund G Brown was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of California from 1959 until 1967.
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Edmund G Brown Jr was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of California from 1975 until 1983.
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Edmund P Games was an American soldier. He was born in 1777 and died in 1849. He served during the War of 1812, and was promoted major-general for services in defense of Fort Brie in 1814. He was commissioner to the Seminole Indians in 1816, and took command against them in 1817.
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Edmund Halley was Astronomer Royal from 1720. He was born in 1656 and died in 1742. He calculated the orbit of the comet named after him.
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Edmund I (the Elder or the Magnificent) was a king of England. He was born in 926 and died in 946. He succeeded his half-brother Athelstan as King of England in 940 and reigned until his death in 946.
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Edmund II (known as Edmund Ironside from his iron armour) was a son of Ethelred and King of England from 1016 until 1017.
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Sir William Edmund Ironside was a Scottish military commander and first Baron Ironside. He was born in 1880 at Ironside, Aberdeenshire and died in 1959. After entering the Royal Artillery in 1899 he served as a Secret Agent during the Second Boer War of 1899 to 1902 disguised as a railwayman. During the Great War he held staff appointments and commanded the Archangel expedition against the Bolsheviks in 1918, and commanded the Allied contingent in North Persia in 1920, before being made Chief of the Imperial General Staff and promoted to field marshal in 1940 and placed in charge of the home defence forces.
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Edmund J Davis was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Texas from 1870 until 1874.
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Edmund Kirby Smith was an American soldier. He was born in 1824 and died in 1893. He distinguished himself at Cerro Gordo and Contreras during the Mexican War. He was appointed brigadier-general in the Confederate army, fought at Bull Run in 1861, led the advance in General Bragg's Kentucky campaign, defeated the National forces at Richmond, Kentucky, and fought at Perryville and Murfreesboro. In 1863 he received command of the Trans-Mississippi Department, where he organized a government, established factories for supplying the troops with munitions of war, and rendered the district self-supporting. His forces were the last to surrender in the American Civil War.
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Edmund Needham Morrill was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kansas from 1895 until 1897.
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Edmund O'Callaghan was a Canadian historian. He was born in 1797 and died in 1880. He went to New York from Canada in 1837. He was author of a 'History of New Netherland, and editor of 'Documentary History of New York', and other historical reference works.
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Edmund Pendleton was an American revolutionary. He was born in 1721 at Virginia and died in 1803. He served in the House of Burgesses and as a member of a Committee of Correspondence, and was a delegate to the first Continental Congress. As president of the Virginia Convention, he was the head of the State Government from 1775 to 1776, and afterward president of the Committee of Safety. He drew up the resolutions instructing the State representatives in Congress to agitate for independence. He was also Speaker of the Legislature and President of the Court of Appeals. His most important service was in 1788, when he was one of the leaders of the Federalist phalanx in the convention. called to ratify the Federal Constitution.
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Edmund Jennings Randolph was an American politician. He was born in 1753 at Williamsburg, Virginia and died in 1813. Educated at William and Mary college, he was a member of Congress from 1779 until 1782 and governor of Virginia from 1786 until 1788. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787 he proposed what is known as the Virginia Plan, a scheme to establish two Houses on a population basis, and expressed himself strongly against a single executive. Although he refused to sign the final draft, he recommended Virginia to accept it rather than endanger the Union. While Secretary of State between 1794 and 1795, being suspected of attempting to obtain money from France in exchange for stirring up ill-feeling against Great Britain, re resigned.
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Edmund S Muskie was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maine from 1955 until 1959.
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Edmund Spenser was an English poet. He was born in 1552 in London and died in 1599. Born of humble parentage he was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, graduating in 1576 before spending some months living in Lancashire learning the local dialect before returning to London where he was introduced to the earl of Leicester and his nephew Philip Sidney, with whom Edmund Spenser became firm friends. Spenser became famous as a poet following the publication of 'The Shepheardes Calender' in 1579.
In 1580 Spenser went to Ireland as secretary to Lord Grey de Wilton, the new lord deputy, whose remorseless methods of imposing order Spenser admired. After filing various posts, Spenser was awarded with an estate of 3000 acres of County Cork, including Kilcolman Castle, and after flattering Elizabeth in the first of three books entitled 'The Faerie Queen', was further awarded a pension of fifty pounds by the queen. In 1597 Edmund Spenser's home, Kilcolman Castle, was burned down during an insurrection against the English occupation and persecution of the Irish, and one of his children was killed in the fire. As a result Spenser returned to London where he died a broken man.
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Edmund Clarence Stedman was an American poet and critic. He was born in 1833 at Hartford, Connecticut and died in 1908. Educated at Yale, from 1859 until 1861 he was on the staff of The New York Tribune and from 1861 until 1863 was correspondent in the American Civil War for The New York World.
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Edmund Waller was an English poet and Royalist politician. He was born in 1606 and died in 1687.
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Edouard Daladier was a French politician. He was born in 1884 at Carpentras and died in 1970. He became leader of the radical socialists in 1927 and in 1933 was Minister of War and Prime Minister. In 1934 he was again Prime Minister and in 1936 he was War Minister and in 1939 once again Prime Minister and supported appeasement towards Hitler and the Nazis. In 1940 with the German occupation of France he was arrested and interned until 1945.
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Edouard Lalo was a French composer. He was born in 1823 and died in 1892. He composed Symphonie Espagnole.
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Edouard Manet was a French painter. He was born in 1832 at Paris and died in 1883.
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Edouard Rod was a Swiss psychological novelist. He was born in 1857 and died in 1910.
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Edred succeeded Edmund as King of England from 946 to 955.
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Edric was king of the Heptarchy in 685. He was slain in 687.
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Edris Hapgood was an English Association Football player. He was born in 1907 and died in 1973. He played for Arsenal, first in 1926, and England, first in 1933 against Italy, both of whom he captained for many seasons with dignity and distinction.
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Eduard Douwes Dekker was a Dutch writer. He was born in 1820 at Amsterdam and died in 1887. He wrote the novel 'Max Havelaar' in 1860 and Minnebrieven/ Love Letters in 1861. Although born in Holland, he moved to Lebak in Java.
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Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter. He was born in 1863 and died in 1944.
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Edward A Perry was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Florida from 1885 until 1889.
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Edward Goodrich Acheson was an American Inventor. He was born in 1856 and died in 1931. He invented carborundum and artificially prepared graphite.
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Edward Agar was an English stock-market speculator, investment manager and safe-cracker. He was born in 1816 and died in 1881. In 1855 he planned and took part in the Great Train Robbery of 1855 in which a fortune in gold ingots were stolen from a South Eastern Railway train heading for Folkestone.
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Edward Franklin Albee III is an American playwright. He was born in 1928 at Washington DC and adopted by a family living in New York. Among his more famous plays are the 1962 'Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf'.
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Edward Armitage was an English historical painter. He was born in 1817 and died in 1896. He studied under Delaroche at the L'Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, was one of the ablest pupils of that painter, and in 1842 exhibited at the Salon (in the Louvre) a picture of Prometheus Bound. At the exhibition of cartoons for historical pictures in Westminster Hall in 1843 he obtained a premium of 300 pounds for his design of Caesar's First Invasion of Britain. Other similar premiums were gained by his Spirit of Religion (1845), and Battle of Meeanee (1847). He then went to study at Rome, and exhibited at the Academy in 1848 his Henry VIII and Katherine Parr, and his Trafalgar (Death of Nelson). He had pictures in most of the subsequent Academy exhibitions up nearly to the time of his death. In 1867 he was elected an associate, and in 1872 a full academician. He did much for the restoration of fresco painting in England. A large number of his pictures were biblical in subject, such as Ahab and Jezebel, Esther's Banquet, The Remorse of Judas, Joseph and Mary, Herod's Birthday Feast, etc. As professor of painting to the Royal Academy he delivered lectures, which were published in 1883.
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Edward Asbury O'Neal was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1882 until 1886.
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Edward Hodges Baily was an English sculptor. He was born in 1788 at Bristol and died in 1867. He became a pupil of Flaxman in 1807, gained the Academy Gold Medal in 1811, and was elected R.A. in 1821. His principal works are: Eve at the Fountain; Eve Listening to the Voice; Maternal Affection; Girl Preparing for the Bath; The Graces, etc. The bas-reliefs on the south side of the Marble Arch, Hyde Park, the statue of Nelson on the Trafalgar Square monument, and other public works, were by him.
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Edward Bellamy was an American writer. He was born in 1850 and died in 1898. He is known chiefly by a romance entitled Looking Backward: 2000-1887, published in 1888, giving an attractive picture of a state of society that he thought might be realized in the future by well - directed communistic or socialistic efforts. The book had an extraordinary sale in various forms, and was translated into a great many languages.
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Edward Bickersteth was an English clergyman of the Church of England. He was born in 1786 and died in 1850. He was in business as a solicitor in Norwich for a time, but took orders and went to Africa in 1816 to reorganize the stations of the Church Missionary Society. Returning to England he was chosen secretary to that society. In 1830 he became rector of Watton in Hertford, and was one of the founders of the Evangelical Alliance. His publications, which had an immense circulation, included the Christian Student, A Treatise on the Lord's Supper, A Treatise on Prayer, The Signs of the Times, The Restoration of the Jews, A Practical Guide to the Prophecies, besides sermons and tracts without number.
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Edward Bird was an English painter. He was born in 1772 at Wolverhampton and died in 1819. He became an academician in 1815. He excelled in historical and genre subjects. Among his chief pictures are the Surrender of Calais, Death of Eli, and Field of Chevy Chase.
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Sir Edward Boscawen was a British admiral. He was born in 1711 and died in 1761. He was the third son of the first Viscount Falmouth. In 1741 he distinguished himself at the taking of Porto Bello. In 1744 when in command of the Dreadnought, he assisted in the capture of the French ship Medee. In 1747, after commanding the Namur, in the action off Finisterre, where he was wounded, he became a rear-admiral. Having subsequently rendered useful service in India, he became a lord of the Admiralty in 1751, and a vice- admiral in 1755. He effected the reduction of Louisburg and Cape Breton Island in 1758, and in the following year chased and destroyed a French squadron under De La Clue off Lagos. In 1758 he reached the rank of admiral, and in 1760 was made general of marines.
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Edward Braddock was a Scottish soldier. He was born in 1695 at Perthshire and died in 1755. He arrived in Virginia, on February 20th 1755, to assume command in the campaign against the French settlers, being appointed major-general and commander of the British army in the expedition against the French on the river Ohio, in 1755. Having organised an army of regulars and provincials, among whom was George Washington, Edward Braddock marched against Fort Duquesne. After crossing the Monongahela with 1,200 chosen men, the army was ambushed by the French supported by Indians and was defeated with nearly half his troop killed, Edward Braddock himself being mortally wounded dying four
days later.
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Edward Bruce was a brother of Robert I, who, after distinguishing himself in the war of independence, crossed in 1315 to Ireland to aid the native septs against the English. After many successes he was crowned king of Ireland at Carrickfergus, but fell in battle near Dundalk in 1318.
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Sir Edward Burne-Jones was an English painter. He was born in 1838 at Birmingham and died in 1898. He was educated at Birmingham and at Exeter College, Oxford. He early adopted the profession of artist, and came under the influence of D. G. Bossetti He painted in water-colour and in oil, and his works are marked by richness of colouring, and by poetical, ideal, and mediaeval characteristics.
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Edward C Smith was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1898 until 1900.
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Edward C Stokes was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Jersey from 1905 until 1908.
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Edward Caird was professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow. He was born in 1835 and died in 1908.
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Edward R S Canby was an American soldier. He was born in 1819 at Kentucky and died in 1873. He served in the Florida War from 1839 until 1842, and received a brevet of lieutenant-colonel for his services during the Mexican War. In 1858 he served in the so-called Mormon War. In 1863 he commanded the United States troops in the New York draft riots; assisted by David Farragut's fleet he captured Mobile in 1865. In 1873 he was treacherously murdered by Modoes while negotiating a peace treaty.
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Edward Capell was a Shakespearean commentator. He was born in 1713 at Throston and died in 1781. He was appointed deputy inspector of plays in 1737 and devoted himself to the study of Shakespeare, producing in 1768 a ten volume work of Shakespeare which took twenty years to write.
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Edward Cardwell (Viscount Cardwell) WAS AN English statesman. He was born in 1813 and died in 1886. He entered parliament in 1842, became a follower of Peel, and was secretary to the treasury in 1845-46. Under Lord Aberdeen he became president of the Board of Trade in 1853, and was the chief agent in carrying the great Merchant Shipping Act of 1854. In Palmerston's cabinet of 1859 he became secretary for Ireland, and under Palmerston and Russell he was colonial secretary in 1864-1866. As war secretary under Mr. Gladstone, in 1868-1874, he introduced great reforms in the army, including the short service and reserve system, and abolition of the purchase of commissions. He was created a peer in 1874, and henceforth took no great part in public affairs.
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Edward Cave was an English printer and the founder of the 'Gentleman's Magazine'. He was born in 1691 at Newton near Rugby and died in 1754. Apprenticed to a printer he went to London and wrote newsletters, and in 1731 opened a printing office at St John's Gate, Clerkenwell. Here he started the Gentleman's Magazine, for which his friend Dr Johnson wrote the parliamentary debates and Edward Cave edited the magazine under the pseudonym of Sylvanus Urban.
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Edward Daniel Clarke was an English traveller and mineralogist. He was born in 1769 at Sussex and died in 1822. He entered Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1786; and was made a fellow in 1798. In 1799 he set out on an extensive tour through Europe, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, etc, securing for English institutions many valuable objects, such as the celebrated manuscript of Plato's works, with nearly 100 others, a colossal statue of the Greek goddess Demeter (Ceres), and the famous sarcophagus of Alexander the Great. In 1807 he commenced a course of lectures on mineralogy at Cambridge, and in 1808 a professorship of mineralogy was instituted there in his favour. A complete edition of his works appeared in 1819-24, under the title of Travels in Various Countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
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Edward Clodd was an English banker, anthropologist and agnostic. He was born in 1840 and died in 1930. He was the author of 'The story of creation' published in 1888 and many other works.
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Edward Cocker was an English engraver and teacher of writing and arithmetic. He was born about 1631. His work, Cocker's Arithmetic, upon which many succeeding treatises were framed, was published in 1677.
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Sir Edward Codrington was a British admiral. He was born in 1770 and died in 1851. He entered the navy in 1783, and commanded the Orion at the Battle of Trafalgar, winning a gold medal for his services, and served in the second war with America, 1814. As commander of the Allied Mediterranean Fleet in 1827 he defeated the Turkish and Egyptian navies at Navarino and secured the evacuation of the Morea in 1828. From 1832 to 1837 he was member of parliament for Devonport.
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Sir Edward Coke was an English judge. He was born in 1552 and died in 1634. He was known as the greatest common lawyer of all time. The son of a Norfolkshire gentleman, after finishing his education at Cambridge he went to London, and entered the Inner Temple. His reputation and practice rapidly increased. He was chosen recorder of the cities of Norwich and of Coventry, knight of the shire for his county, and, in spite of the rivalship of Bacon, attorney-general. As such he conducted the prosecutions for the crown in all great state cases, notably those of Essex and Sir Walter Raleigh, which Edward Coke conducted with great rancour and asperity. In 1613 he became Chief-justice of the Court of King's Bench; but his rough temper and staunch support of constitutional liberties brought him into disfavour with King James and his courtiers. In 1621 he was committed to the Tower, and soon after expelled from the privy-council.
In 1628 he was chosen member of parliament for Buckinghamshire, and greatly distinguished himself by his vindication of the rights of the Commons, and by proposing and framing the famous Petition of Rights. This was the last of his public acts. On the dissolution of the parliament he retired to his seat in Buckinghamshire, where he died. His principal works are Reports, from 1600 to 1615; Institutes of the Laws of England, in four parts; the first of which contains the celebrated commentary on Littleton's Tenures ('Coke upon Littleton'); A Treatise of Bail and Mainprise, Complete Copyholder.
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Edward Coles was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Illinois from 1822 until 1826.
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Lord Edward Hyde Cornbury was a British aristocrat. He was born in 1661 and died in 1724. The cousin of Queen Mary and Queen Anne, he was made Governor of New York by William III in 1702. In 1708, after six years of severe rule, he was removed, but for a long time was imprisoned for debt.
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Edward Estlin Cummings was an American writer and painter. He was born in 1894 and died in 1962.
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Edward D Di Prete was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Rhode Island from 1985 until 1991.
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Edward D White was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Louisiana from 1835 until 1839.
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Edward Donaldson was an American sailor. He was born in 1816 and died in 1889. A rear-admiral, he served in the US navy from 1835 to 1876. In the American Civil War he took part in the capture of New Orleans and in the passage of Vicksburg, and at the battle of Mobile Bay commanded the 'Seminole'.
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Sir Edward Elgar was a British composer. He was born in 1857 and died in 1934. Self-taught, he played in local orchestras and settled in Malvern after an unsuccessful period in London from 1889 to 1891. He composed 'Enigma Variations' in 1899, an orchestral work based on an unheard theme, which brought him worldwide acclaim. He went on to compose other works including 'Pomp and Circumstance', and in 1904 was knighted.
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Edward Everett was an American politician. He was born in 1794 at Dorchester, Massachusetts and died in 1865. Educated at Harvard, he draduated when he was seventeen and in 1813 was ordained pastor of a church in Boston. After spending two years as a Unitarian minister he left the post to become professor of Greek at Harvard College, a post he held from 1819 until 1829 when he became editor of the North American Review, and president of Harvard from 1846 until 1849. He was a member of congress from 1824 until 1835, a Whig governor of Massachusetts from 1836 until 1840, minister to Great Britain from 1841 until 1845 and a senator from 1853 until 1854 when he abandoned public life.
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Edward John Eyre was a British colonial governor. He was born in 1815 and died in 1901. He explored the north part of the newly colonised South Australia and his report resulted in the opening up of the land route between Adelaide and Western Australia. Lake Eyre in South Australia was named after him. He was Governor of St Vincent from 1854 to 1860 and was made Governor of Jamaica in 1864. He vigorously suppressed a Negro revolt in Jamaica in 1845 and was as a result suspended and retired.
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Edward F Arn was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kansas from 1951 until 1955.
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Edward F Dunne was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Illinois from 1913 until 1917.
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Edward F Noyes was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Ohio from 1872 until 1874.
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Edward Fitzgerald was an Irish soldier and patriot. He was born in 1763 and died in 1798. He served in America and explored part of Canada in 1789. He was arrested for conspiring with the French for a Dublin uprising and following being wounded during his arrest died in Newgate prison.
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Edward Morgan Forster was an English novelist. He was born in 1879 and died in 1970. He wrote Howard's End and A Passage To India.
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Sir Edward German was an English composer. He was born in 1862 at Whitchurch and died in 1936. He produced light operas including 'Merrie England' and 'Tom Jones'.
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Edward Gibbon was an English writer. He was born in 1737 at Putney and died in 1794. He wrote the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
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Edward Grey was a British statesman. He was born in 1862 and died in 1933. He was Foreign Secretary in 1905.
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Edward Hagerup Grieg was a Norwegian composer. He was born in 1843 at Bergen and died in 1907. He composed Peer Gynt Suite, Concerto in A minor for piano.
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Edward Halifax was a British statesman. He was born in 1881 and died in 1959. He was British Ambassador to the USA from 1940 until 1944.
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Edward Hammond Hargraves was an English gold miner. He was born in 1815 at Gosport, Hampshire and died in 1891. After travelling to California in 1849 for gold, he noticed similarities in the geological formations with those in Australia and deduced that gold could also be found in Australia. He discovered gold in the Blue Hills of New South Wales in 1851 and was appointed commissioner of Crown lands and awarded a government reward of 10,000 pounds for his discovery.
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Sir Edward Richard George Heath (Ted Heath) was an English politician. He was born in 1916 at Broadstairs, Kent and died in 2005. He entered parliament in 1950 and became leader of the Conservative party and in 1970 became Prime Minister. He was ousted from leadership of the Conservative party in 1975 by Margaret Thatcher following widespread industrial disputes across the country, and particularly dissatisfaction among the coal miners. After his removal as leader of the Conservative Party the Conservative Party became far more dictatorial and moralist. Until the day he died, Edward Heath opposed the extreme and oppressive policies of the Thatcherite Conservatives. He is remembered as the British Prime Minister who negotiated Britain's entry into the European Common Market, and as an international statesman who successfully negotiated the release of British prisoners held in Iraq following the Gulf War - a position that was in stark contrast to the swaggering gun-ho posture of his successors.
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Edward Hitchcock was an American geologist. He was born in 1793 at Deerfield, Massachusetts and died in 1864. He became a Congregational minister, and afterwards, devoting himself to science, was elected professor of natural science, and president at Amherst College.
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Edward Hopkins was an English colonist. He was born in 1600 and died in 1657. He went to America from England in 1637. He was Governor of Connecticut in the even years from 1640 to 1654. He aided in forming the union of the New England colonies in 1643.
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Edward Hyde (first earl of Clarendon) was an English statesman and historian. He was born in 1609 at Dinton, Wiltshire and died in 1674. After studying at Oxford and at the Middle Temple he married, in 1629, the daughter of Sir George Ayliffe, and, in 1632, Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury. He entered the Short Parliament in 1640 as member for Wootton-Basset, and was again returned to the Long Parliament in November, 1640 by the borough of Saltash, at first acting with the more moderate of the popular party, but gradually separating himself from the democratic movement until, by the autumn of 1641, he was recognized as the real leader of the king's party in the house.He supported the King's authority, but opposed violence and assisted in the impeachment of Stafford in 1641.
In 1642 he became the King's adviser with Colepepper and Falkland. Upon the outbreak of the English Civil War he joined the king at York, was knighted, made privy-councillor, and appointed chancellor of the exchequer. After vainly attempting to bring about a reconciliation between the contending parties he accompanied Prince Charles to Jersey, where he began his History of the Rebellion, and wrote answers in the king's name to the manifestoes of the parliament.
In September, 1649, he rejoined Charles at the Hague, and was sent by him on an embassy to Madrid. Soon after his return he resumed the business of the exiled court, first at Paris, and afterwards at the Hague, where, in 1657, Charles II appointed him lord-chancellor. After Oliver Cromwell's death he contributed more than any other man to promote the Restoration, when he was placed at the head of the English administration.
In 1660 he was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in 1661 was created Baron Hyde, Viscount Cornbury, and Earl of Clarendon. The marriage of the Duke of York with his daughter, Anne Hyde, confirmed for a time his power, but in 1663 Lord Bristol made an unsuccessful attempt to impeach him, his influence with the king declined, and his station as primeminister made the nation regard him as answerable for the ill success of the war against Holland, the sale of Dunkirk, etc.
The king's displeasure deepened when his plan of repudiating his wife and marrying the beautiful Lady Stuart was defeated by Edward Hyde, who effected a marriage between this lady and the Duke of Richmond. The king deprived him of his offices, an impeachment for high treason was commenced against him, and he was compelled to seek refuge in Calais. He lived six years at Montpellier, Moulins, and Rouen, where he died in 1674. His remains were afterwards removed to Westminster Abbey.
During his second exile he completed his History of the Rebellion in autobiographical form, wrote a biographical Continuation in defence of his administration, and sought to vindicate Lord Ormonde by a History of the Rebellion in Ireland.
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Edward I was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Edward I was an able administrator and law-maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Syria before he became king. In 1277 Edward I invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward I gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was subdued before his death, by the 1277 treaty of Conway. In 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward I's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest surviving son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for his campaigns in Wales and Scotland and another war in France, in 1295 Edward called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this meeting he summoned the aristocracy, bishops and abbots, and the knights of the shires, burgesses from the towns and the junior clergy.
In 1296 Edward I invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the Stone of Scone; the king John Baliol abdicated and surrendered to Edward I. However, a guerrilla war broke out and the English were defeated by the Scottish under William Wallace at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. William Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward I died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the Scots and their leader, Robert the Bruce.
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Edward I Edwards was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Jersey from 1920 until 1923.
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Edward II was King of England from 1307 to 1327. Edward II had few of the qualities that made a successful medieval king. Edward surrounded himself with his favourites, and the barons, feeling excluded from power, rebelled. Throughout his reign, different baronial groups struggled to gain power and control the King. The nobles' ordinances of 1311, which attempted to limit royal control of finance and appointments, were counteracted by Edward. Large debts - many of them inherited - and the Scots' victory at Bannockburn by Robert the Bruce in 1314 made Edward more unpopular. Edward's victory in the civil war of 1321 to 1322 and such measures as the 1326 ordinance which was a protectionist measure which set up compulsory markets or staples in fourteen English, Welsh and Irish towns for the wool trade, did not lead to any compromise between the King and the nobles. Edward was a homosexual, and neglected his wife, Isabella the sister of the king of France, and finally, in 1326, Isabella led an invasion against her husband which was widely supported by the English aristocracy which had little time for the homosexual Edward. In 1327 Edward was made to renounce the throne in favour of his son Edward III (the first time that an anointed king of England had been dethroned since Ethelred in 1013). Edward II fled to Wales where he was imprisoned in Berkelet castle. While there Edward II was attacked by Isabella's men, and was murdered by having a red hot poker thrust into his anus - a death deemed suitable for a sodomite. Edward's champion, and probable lover, had earlier been arrested in England by the victorious Isabella, his penis and testicles cut off, and then executed for having homosexual relations with the king.
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Edward III was the son of Edward II and King of England from 1327 to 1377.
Edward III was crowned King at the age of fourteen and assumed government in his own right in 1330. In 1337, Edward created the Duchy of Cornwall to provide the heir to the throne with an income independent of the sovereign or the state. An able soldier, and an inspiring leader, Edward founded the Order of the Garter in 1348. At the beginning of the Hundred Years War in 1337, actual campaigning started when the King invaded France in 1339 and laid claim to the throne of France. Following a sea victory at the Battle of Sluys in 1340, Edward overran Brittany in 1342 and in 1346 he landed in Normandy defeating the French King, Philip IV, at the Battle of Crecy and his son Edward (the Black Prince) repeated his success at Poitiers in 1356. By 1360 Edward controlled over a quarter of France. His successes consolidated the support of the nobles, lessened criticism of the taxes, and improved relations with Parliament.
However, under the 1375 Treaty of Bruges the French King, Charles V, reversed most of the English conquests; Calais and a coastal strip near Bordeaux were Edward's only lasting gain. Failure abroad provoked criticism at home. The Black Death plague outbreaks of 1348 to 1349, 1361 to 1362 and 1369 inflicted severe social dislocation (the King himself losing a daughter to the plague) and caused deflation; severe laws were introduced to attempt to fix wages and prices. In 1376, the 'Good Parliament' attacked the high taxes and criticised the King's advisers. The ageing King withdrew to Windsor for the rest of his reign, eventually dying at Sheen Palace, Surrey.
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Edward IV was King of England from 1461 to 1483. However, Edward IV was very probably the illegitimate son of the his mother, the Queen, and an archer in the royal garrison - his 'father', the king, being away at battle in France at the time when Edward IV was conceived. As an illegitimate child, Edward IV had no claim to the throne, and as such the English entire royal line since has been flawed.
When Edward IV became the first Yorkist king he was able to restore order, despite the temporary return to the throne of Henry VI from 1470 to 1471, during which time Edward fled to the Continent in exile, supported by the Earl of Warwick, 'the Kingmaker', who had previously supported Edward and who was killed at the Battle of Barnet in 1471. Edward also made peace with France; by a shrewd display of force to exert pressure, Edward reached a profitable agreement with Louis XI at Picquigny in 1475. At home, Edward relied heavily on his own personal control in government, reviving the ancient custom of sitting in person 'on the bench' (i.e. in judgement) to enforce justice. He sacked Lancastrian office-holders and used his financial acumen to introduce tight management of royal revenues to reduce the Crown's debt.
Building closer relations with the merchant community, Edward IV encouraged commercial treaties; he successfully traded in wool on his own account to restore his family's fortunes and enable the King to ' live of his own', paying the costs of the country's administration from the Crown Estates profits and freeing him from dependence on subsidies from Parliament. Edward rebuilt St George's Chapel at Windsor (possibly seeing it as a mausoleum for the Yorkists, as he was later buried there) and a new great hall at Eltham Palace. Edward collected illuminated manuscripts - his is the only intact medieval royal collection to survive - and patronised the new invention of printing. Edward died in 1483, leaving by his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville a 12-year-old son Edward to succeed him.
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Edward J King was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Massachusetts from 1979 until 1983.
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Edward J Thye was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Minnesota from 1943 until 1947.
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Sir Edward Jenner was a British physician. He was born in 1749 at Berkeley and died in 1823. After graduating in 1792 Jenner started experimenting with possible cures for smallpox, and in 1796 removed some blister fluid from a milkmaid suffering from cowpox and injected it into a boy. Two months later the boy was injected with smallpox, but didn't develop the disease. Jenner repeated the experiment and in 1798 published his work coining the term vaccination (substance derived from a cow). Jenner subsequently spent the rest of his life promoting vaccination, despite its dangers and the lack of evidence as to its effectiveness. Indeed subsequent events - not least the smallpox epidemic of 1871 in which more people who have been vaccinated against the disease contracted smallpox than those who had not - have shown that far from being a medical genius, Jenner was a brilliant self-publicist and charlatan who exploited the basic human fears for his own financial means.
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Edward Kavanagh was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maine from 1843 until 1844.
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Edward Kent was an American politician. He was born in 1802 and died in 1877. He was a member of the Maine Legislature from 1829 to 1833. He was Governor of Maine in 1838 and 1840, being chosen by the Whigs. From 1849 to 1853 he was US Consul at Rio Janeiro. From 1859 to 1873 he was a Justice of the Maine Supreme Court.
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Edward Law was an English politician, and the Earl of Ellenborough. He was born in 1790 and died in 1871. In 1841 he became Governor General of India but was recalled in 1844 by the East India Company.
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Edward Lear was an English painter and writer of verse. He was born in 1812 at London and died in 1888. He taught drawing to Queen Victoria, but he is remembered for his work A Book of Nonsense, published in 1846.
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Edward Livingston was an American jurist. He was born in 1764 and died in 1836. A brother of Robert R Livingston, he graduated at Princeton, and reached early in life a commanding position at the New York bar. From 1795 to 1801, he was a Democratic Congressman. While district attorney in the following years he became entangled in business, was deeply indebted to the Government, and removed to Louisiana to retrieve his fortunes. He was Congressman from Louisian in 1823 to 1839, US Senator 1829 to 1831, Secretary of State from 1831 to 1833, and Minister to France from 1833 until 1835. His rank as a lawyer was very high, and his influence, by his codes and legal writings, was profound upon law in America and in Europe.
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Edward Lloyd was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Maryland from 1809 until 1811.
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Edward George Bulwer Lytton was an English writer and statesman. He was born in 1803 at London and died in 1873. He wrote The Last Days Of Pompeii.
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Edward MacDowell was an American composer. He was born in 1861 and died in 1908. He composed To a Wild Rose.
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Edward G Malbone was an American painter. He was born in 1777 at Newport, Rhode Island and died in 1807. He was an eminent painter of miniatures and pursued his art in Providence, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and from 1800 in Charleston, South Carolina.
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Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth, was a British politician. He was born in 1849 and died in 1909. Educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford, he entered the House of Commons in 1880 as the Liberal MP for Berwick, and remained there until he succeeded to the peerage in 1894. In 1886 he was made controller of the household, and in 1892 parliamentary secretary to the treasury. In 1894 he became lord privy seal and chancellor of the duchy and when, in 1905, the Liberals returned to power, he was chosen first lord of the admiralty, only to be transferred in 1908 to the office of lord president following a controversial letter he wrote to the German emperor.
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Edward Martin was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1943 until 1947.
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Edward Miall was an English politician. He was born in 1809 at Portsmouth and died in 1881. An independent minister, in 1840 he gave up his charge to campaign against the establishment of the Church. In 1841 he founded a weekly newspaper, 'The Nonconformist', which he edited for the rest of his life. Edward Miall represented Rochdale in Parliament from 1852 until 1867 and Bradford from 1868 until 1874.
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Edward O C Ord was an American soldier. He was born in 1818 and died in 1883. He commanded the national forces at Dranesville in 1861. He led the left wing of Grant's army at Iuka and Hatchie in 1862. He led a corps at Vicksburg, Jackson, Richmond and Fort Harrison. In 1865 he commanded the Department of Virginia and the Army of the James at Petersburg and in the subseque | 
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