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H C Baldridge was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Idaho from 1927 until 1931.
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H G Burton was an American politician. He was a Federalist governor of North Carolina from 1824 until 1827.
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Herbert George Wells was an English writer. He was born in 1866 at Bromley and died in 1946. Although he wanted to be a teacher, bad health meant he couldn't so he turned to writing. He wrote ' The Invisible Man', ' The Time Machine' and 'The War Of The Worlds'.
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Haakon IV was king of Norway from 1217 to 1263. He was born in 1204 and died in 1263. He strengthened the monarchy and extended Norwegian territory to include Iceland and Greenland.
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Haakon VII was King of Norway from 1905 to 1957. He was born in 1872 and died in 1957. He was the second son of King Frederick VIII of Denmark, his elder brother being King of Denmark. King of Norway during the Second World War, he fled to England with the British forces when they evacuated in June 1940, and from exile he led the resistance against the Nazi occupiers.
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Habakkuk (or Habcuc) was an ancient Hebrew prophet. His name is given to the book in the Old Testament containing his oracles and canticle.
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A Habanero is a native or inhabitant of Havana (Habana), Cuba.
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In Britain, a haberdasher is a dealer in small articles used for sewing, such as buttons, zips, and ribbons In the USA, a haberdasher is a gentlemen's outfitter.
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Hablot Knight Browne was an English cartoonist. He was born in 1815 at Kennington and died in 1882. Better known by the pseudonym of Phiz, in 1835 he succeeded Seymour as the illustrator of Dickens's Pickwick, and was afterwards engaged to illustrate Nicholas Nickleby, Dombey and Son, Martin Chuzzlewit, David Copperfield, and other works of that author. He also illustrated the novels of Lever, Ainsworth, etc, besides sending many comic sketches to the illustrated serials of the time.
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The Habsburgs (or Hapsburgs) were the most prominent European dynasty from the 15th to the 20th centuries. The family started in Switzerland in the 10th century. In 1273 Rudolph I was elected Holy Roman Emperor, establishing possession of Austria, Carniola, and Styria. The Habsburgs held the title again from 1438 to 1740 and from 1745 to 1806. In 1516 Charles V inherited the Spanish Crown, which he left to his son, Philip II; his Austrian possessions went to his brother, Ferdinand I. The Spanish branch ruled until 1700; the Austrian
Habsburgs became emperors of Austria in 1804 and of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918.
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The Hadendoa are a tribe of nomads living in the Sudan.
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George Hadley developed Halley's theory of trade winds by taking into account the earth's rotation and the displacement of air by tropical heat. He was born in 1685 and died in 1768.
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Hadrian was a Roman emperor. He was born in 76 and died in 138. He visited England in 121 and built a protective wall (Hadrian's wall) to separate England from Scotland.
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The Hadza are an endangered nomadic people of Tanzania. They are hunter-gatherers that live in swamps and wilderness. Reports from 2000 indicate that only about 800 Hadza are still living, and they are in danger of becoming extinct due to destruction of their habitat and diseases brought in from outside peoples.
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Hag is an old English term for a witch or sorceress. The term has evolved over the years to imply an old, ugly, inelegant woman, but when encountered in the works of Shakespeare it refers to a witch or sorceress.
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Haile Selassie was Emperor of Ethiopia and figure head of the Rastafarian movement, although he knew nothing about that! He was born in 1891 and died in 1975. He fled to England following the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, but was restored by the Allies in 1941. He was overthrown by a military coup.
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Richard Hakluyt was an English geographer. He was born in 1552 and died in 1616.
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Franz Hals was a Dutch portrait painter. He was born in 1580 and died in 1666.
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Hamilcar Barca was a Carthaginian general and Hannibal's father. He was commander in Sicily during the first Punic War, he agreed peace in 241 BC. After suppressing rebellious mercenaries in Carthage, he invaded Spain. He was drowned after the siege of Helice around 229 BC.
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Hamilton Fish was an American politician. He was born in 1808 at New York and died in 1893. He was admitted to the bar in 1830. He was elected to the US House of Representatives from New York, serving from 1843 to 1845, and was a State Senator in 1847. He was a Whig Governor of New York from 1848 to 1850, and was a US Senator from 1851 to 1857. He was Secretary of State in Grant's Cabinet, serving from 1869 to 1877. He negotiated the Treaty of Washington in 1871, and the St. Domingo treaties.
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Hamilton R Gamble was an American politician. He was a Union governor of Missouri from 1861 until 1864.
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The Han are the majority ethnic group in China, numbering about 990 million. The Hans speak a wide variety of dialects of the same monosyllabic language, a member of the Sino-Tibetan family. Their religion combines Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and ancestor worship. The Han was a Chinese dynasty founded by the general Liu Bang, who overthrew the Qin dynasty. Its power was strengthened by the emperor Wu Di, who conquered a vast empire. Paper was invented by the Han Chinese, who also produced porcelain. The dynasty was overthrown in 8 AD but later restored for a second period, known as the Later Han which ran from 23 to 220.
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Hancock Lee Jackson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Missouri during 1857.
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Sir Frederick Handley Page was an English aircraft designer. He was born in 1875 at Cheltenham, Gloucester and died in 1962. Formerly an engineer, he turned his attention to aeronautics in 1907 and after two years of experimenting started his business as an aeronautical engineer and designer. In 1909 he founded the first British aircraft manufacturing firm, Handley Page, at Barking. In 1912 he moved his works to Cricklewood. During the Great War he turned his works over to the British government, and designed several new types of aircraft, including the first twin-engined bomber. He was awarded the CBE in 1918 and knighted in 1942.
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Handy-man (handyman) is a popular term for someone capable of doing all sorts of odd jobs, particularly in respect of small household maintenance, gardening and the like. The term seems to have first been coined in the late 19th century, though earlier variations such as handywright were used since the 17th century.
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A hangdog or hang-dog is a low, despicable, degraded person or a sneaking shamefaced person, fit only to hang a dog or to be hanged like a dog - hence the term. The term hang-dog was a fairly popular term of insult from the 17th to the 19th century.
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Henry Louis Aaron (Hank Aaron) is an American baseball player. He was born in 1934 at Mobile, Alabama. An outstanding batsman, during his twenty-three season career with the Milwaukee, later Atlanta Braves and Milwaukee Brewers he made 755 home runs, breaking Babe Ruth's long standing record of 714 home runs.
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Hannah Adams was an American writer. She was born in 1756 at Massachusetts and died in 1832. She was one of the first American female writers, publishing 'A History of New England' in 1799 and 'A History of the Jews' in 1812.
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Hannah F Gould was an American poet. She was born in 1789 at Massachusetts and died in 1865. She was an extensive contributor of verse to various periodicals, and published several popular poetical works.
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Hannah Snell was an English adventurer. She was born in 1723 at Worcester and died in 1792. Deserted by her Dutch sailor husband when she was twenty years old and seven moths pregnant, she set forth, following the death of her baby, disguised as a man to find him and enlisted in the army under the name James Gray, her brother-in-law. She subsequently deserted from the army and joined the navy where she saw action in the East Indies and fought at the siege of Pondicherri. Strangely, on one occasion she was stripped to the waist and flogged, the boatswain taking notice of her breasts seemed surprised, but like the rest of the crew had no suspicion of her sex and her true identity remained secret. Upon her return to Britain in 1750 she heard that her husband had been executed for murder, and she resumed her appearance as a woman, published an account of her adventures and made a living in the theatre singing sea shanties before opening a public house in Wapping, called 'The Widow in Masquerade'.
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Hannibal was a Carthaginian leader. He was born in 247 BC and died in 183 BC after taking poison to avoid capture by the Romans. He was appointed commander in Spain in 221 BC and deliberately started the second Punic War with Rome. In 218 BC he crossed the Alps in winter, using elephants and losing about 10000 of his 35000 men. For two years he devastated Italy, but lost ground in the face of Fabius' guerrilla tactics. Recalled to defend Carthage after Scipio Africanus' invasion of Africa,
Hannibal was defeated at Zama in 202 BC.
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Hannibal Hamlin was an American politician. He was born in 1809 and died in 1893. He was admitted to the bar in 1833. He was a member of the Maine Legislature from 1836 to 1840 and in 1847, being chosen Speaker in 1837, 1839 and 1840. He was a Democratic Representative in Congress from 1842 to 1846, was elected a US Senator in 1848 and served until 1857. He changed his party affiliation on account of anti-slavery sentiments, and was chosen Governor by the Republicans in 1857. He resigned and served in the US Senate from 1857 to 1861, when he was elected Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with Abraham Lincoln, and was a member of the Senate from 1869 to 1881, when he was appointed Minister to Spain and served one year.
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Hans Aanrud was a Norwegian writer. He was born in 1863 and died in 1953. He wrote stories of peasant life and comedies including 'Storken' published in 1895, 'Ho it tilhest' published in 1901 and ' Hanen' published in 1906.
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Hans Grun Baldung was a German painter and wood engraver. He was born in 1470 at Swabia and died in 1552. His work, though inferior to Durer's, possessed many of the same characteristics, and on this account he has been sometimes considered a pupil of the Nuremberg master. His principal paintings are the series of panels (of the date 1516) over the altar in Freiburg cathedral; others of his works are to be found at Berlin, Colmar, and Basel. His numerous and often fantastic engravings have the monogram H. and B., with a small G in the centre of the H.
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Hans Sebald Beham was a German engraver and painter. He was born in 1500 at Nurnberg and died or was executed in about 1550. The brother of Barthel Beham, he was one of Durer's ablest pupils, but his subjects were often gross. His later career was that of a tavern and brothel keeper.
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Hansd Guido Von Blilow was a German pianist and composer. He was born in 1830 at Dresden and died in 1894. He was intended for a lawyer, but adopted music as a profession. He studied the piano under Liszt, and made his first public appearance in 1852. In 1855 he became leading professor in the Conservatory at Berlin; in 1858 was appointed court pianist; and in 1867 he became musical director to the King of Bavaria. His compositions Include overture and music to Julius Caesar, The Minstrel's Curse, and Nirwana; songs, choruses, and pianoforte pieces. He was considered one of the first of pianists and orchestral conductors.
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Hans Burgkmair was a German painter. He was born in 1472 at Augsburg and died in 1559. Several of his paintings are to be seen in galleries, but these have contributed far less to his fame than his woodcuts, which are not inferior to those of his friend Albert Durer. The most celebrated is the series of 135 cuts representing the Triumph of the Emperor Maximilian.
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Hans Christian Andersen was a Danish story-teller and poet. He was born in 1805 at Odense, Funen and died in 1875. He learned to read and write in a charity school, from which he was taken when only nine years old, and was put to work in a manufactory in order that his earnings might assist his widowed mother. In his leisure time he eagerly read national ballads, poetry, and plays, and wrote several tragedies full enough of sound and fury. In 1819 he went to Copenhagen, but failed in getting any of his plays accepted, and in securing an appointment at the theatre, having to content himself for some time with unsteady employment as a joiner. His abilities at last brought him under the notice of Councillor Collin, a man of considerable influence, who procured for him free entrance into a government school at Slagelse. From this school he was transferred to the university, and soon became favourably known by his poetic works.
Through the influence of Oehlenschlager and others he received a royal grant to enable him to travel, and in 1833 he visited Italy, his impressions of which he published in 1835 in The Improvvisatore - a work which rendered his fame European. The scene of his following novel, 0. T., was laid in Denmark, and in Only a Fiddler he described his own early struggles. In 1835 appeared the first volume of his Fairy Tales, of which successive volumes continued to be published year by year at Christmas, and which have been the most popular and wide-spread of his works. Among his other works are Picture-books without Pictures, A Poet's Bazaar - the result of a voyage in 1840 to the East - and a number of dramas. In 1845 he received an annuity from the government.
He visited England in 1848, and acquired such a command of the language that his next work, The Two Baronesses, was written in English. In 1855 he published an autobiography, under the title My Life's Romance, an English translation of which, published in 1871, contained additional chapters by the author, bringing the narrative to 1867. Among his later works we may mention, To Be or Not To Be published in 1857; Tales from Jutland published in 1859; The Ice Maiden published in 1863.
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Hans Geiger was a German physicist. He was born in 1882 at Neustadt-an-der- Haardt and died in 1945. He studied at Erlangen and moved to Manchester where he worked under Ernest Rutherford from 1906 to 1912. He investigated beta-ray radioactivity, and helped to devise a counter to measure it (the geiger counter). He was professor at Kiel in 1925 and at Tubingen in 1929 and later worked at Berlin.
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Hans Holbein was a German portrait and religious painter. He was born in 1497 at Augsburg and died in 1543.
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Hans Memling was a Flemish religious painter. He was born in 1430 and died in 1494.
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Hans Sachs was a German poet. He was born at Nuremberg in 1494 and died in 1576.
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Sir Hans Sloane was an English physician, naturalist, writer and collector of books. He was born in 1660 at Killyleagh, county Down, Ireland and died in 1753. Educated at Paris and Montpellier he became physician to the governor of Jamaica from 1687 until 1689. he was secretary of the Royal Society from 1693 until 1712, president of the Royal Society from 1727 until 1741 and president of the Royal College of Physicians from 1719 until 1735. He was made a baronet in 1716. Upon his death in 1753 he left his 50000 volumes of books and manuscripts under his will to the nation, thus forming the British library. Sloane square in London is named after Sir Hans Sloane.
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Hans van Meegeren, also known as Henricus van Meergern was a Dutch art forger. He was born in 1889 and died in 1947. He mainly forged Vermeer's paintings. His 'Vermeer' Christ at Emmaus was bought for Rotterdam's Boymans Museum 1937. He was discovered when a 'Vermeer' sold to the Nazi leader Hermann Goering was traced back to him after the Second World War, but even then the police didn't believe it to be a fake, believing instead he had collaborated with the Nazis. To convince them of his abilities as a forger van Meegeren painted another forgery under their supervision. Finally receiving the fame he lusted after, he was sentenced to a year's imprisonment, he died two months later.
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Haquin Spegel was a Swedish poet and divine. He was born in 1645 and died in 1714. He was archbishop of Upsala, but is best known for his psalms and religious poetry.
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Hardicanute was king of Denmark in 803.
Hardicanute (Canute II) was a son of Canute and King of England from 1040 to 1042, and king of Denmark in 1014.
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Hardin R Runnels was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Texas from 1857 until 1859.
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The Hares are a tribe of north American Indians. They are one of the main branches of the Chippewayans.
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Harlan J Bushfield was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of South Dakota from 1939 until 1943.
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The Harmonists were a religious sect founded at Wurtemberg in 1788 by George Rapp and Frederick Rapp. They endeavoured to re-establish the social practices of the early Christian church, holding all goods in common. They were persecuted and so moved to America in 1803 settling in the Connoquenessing Valley, twenty-five miles from Pittsburgh. There they built houses, churches, mills and factories, and by 1805 there were 750 persons settled there who formed the Harmony Society. After two years they decided to adopt celibacy, and prohibited the use of tobacco. This caused the withdrawal of certain of their people. In 1814 the Harmonists purchased 30,000 acres of land in Posey County, Indiana, settling there in 1815. There they remained until 1824, calling their settlement 'Harmony'. In 1824 they removed to their last location, on the Ohio River, not far from Pittsburgh. In 1831, a German .adventurer, Bernhard Muller, settling among them, caused dissensions and a split in the society.
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Harold was son of Canute and was King of England from 1035 to 1040.
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Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, was a British Field Marshal and Conservative statesman. He was born in 1891 and died in 1969. During the Second World War he commanded the 1st Division in the British Expeditionary Force and subsequently supervised the evacuation from Dunkirk, after which he was promoted to I Corps and then to command the British forces in Burma. He commanded over the withdrawal from Burma, and was sent to North Africa with Montgomery where he oversaw the victorious campaigns there in 1943, and later as commander of the Anglo-American ground force he directed the invasions of Sicily and Italy. He succeeded Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean and took the German surrender in Italy in April 1945. After the war he became Governor-General of Canada in 1946 until 1952 and British Minister of Defence from 1952 to 1954.
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Harold Blue Tooth was king of Denmark in 941.
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Harold E Hughes was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Iowa from 1963 until 1969.
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Harold E LeVander was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Minnesota from 1967 until 1971.
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Harold E Stassen was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Minnesota from 1939 until 1943.
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Harold Frederic was an American novelist and journalist. He was born in 1856 at Utica, New York, and died in 1898. After gaining journalistic experience in America, he went to London, and acted as correspondent to the New York Times from 1884 until his death. His novels deal mainly with life in New York state.
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Harold G Hoffman was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Jersey from 1935 until 1938.
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Harold Godwinson was Earl of Wessex, and later king of England. He was elected king by the Witan upon the death of Edward the Confessor in 1066. He died in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings.
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Harold II was a king of England during 1066. On the death of Edward the Confessor, the King's Council (the Witenagemot) confirmed Edward' s brother-in-law Harold, Earl of Wessex, as King. With no royal blood, and fearing rival claims from William Duke of Normandy and the King of Norway, Harold had himself crowned in Westminster Abbey on the 6th of January 1066, the day after Edward's death. During his brief reign, Harold showed he was an outstanding commander. In September, Harald Hardrada of Norway (aided by Harold's alienated brother Tostig, Earl of Northumbria) invaded England and was defeated by Harold at the Battle of Stamford Bridge near York. Hardrada' s army had invaded using over 300 ships; so many were killed that only 25 ships were needed to transport the survivors home. Meanwhile, William Duke of Normandy (who claimed Harold had acknowledged him in 1064 as Edward's successor) had landed in Sussex. Harold rushed south and, on 14 October 1066, his army of some 7,000 infantry was defeated on the field of Senlac near
Hastings. Harold was hit in the eye by an arrow and cut down by Norman swords. An abbey was later built, in 1070, to fulfil a vow made by William I, and its high altar was placed on the spot where Harold fell. The ruins of Battle Abbey still remain with a stone slab marking where Harold died.
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Harold J Arthur was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1950 until 1951.
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Harold Macmillan was a British Conservative statesman. He was born in 1894. He became an MP in 1924. He became Prime Minister in 1957 following Eden's resignation over the Suez canal crisis.
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Harold Pinter is a British playwright. He was born in 1930 in London. His plays include The Caretaker and The Birthday Party.
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Harold the Simple was king of Denmark in 1076.
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Harold W Handley was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Indiana from 1957 until 1961.
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James Harold Wilson was a British labour statesman and Prime Minister. He was born in 1916. He entered parliament in 1945. He became Prime minister in 1964.
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Haroun-Al-Raschid was a Caliph of Baghdad. He was born in 764 at Ray and died in 809.
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Harriet Elizabeth Stowe (born Harriet Elizabeth Beecher) was an American author and abolitionist. She was born in 1811 at Litchfield, Connecticut and died in 1896. Educated at Litchfield Academy and at Hartford in 1836 she married the anti-slavery advocate Calvin Stowe. She is best known for her novel 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' which was first serialised in 'The National Era' of Washington between 1851 and 1852 and published in book form in Boston in 1852, in which she exposed slavery, and thereby greatly helped in the abolition of slavery in the USA.
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Harris Flanagin was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1862 until 1865.
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Harris M Plaisted was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maine from 1881 until 1883.
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Harrison Gray Otis was an American politician. He was born in 1765 and died in 1848. He represented Massachusetts in the US Congress as a Federalist from 1797 to 1801. He was Speaker of the Massachusetts Legislature from 1803 to 1805, and president of the Senate from 1805 to 1806 and from 1808 to 1811. He was prominent at the Hartford Convention in 1814. He was a US Senator from 1817 to 1822.
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Harrison Ludington was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Wisconsin from 1876 until 1878.
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Harrison Reed was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Florida from 1868 until 1873.
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Harry Escombe was prime minister of Natal. He was born in 1838 at London and died in 1899. He emigrated at an early age to Natal, where he became one of the leading solicitors and barristers of the colony. In 1872 he became member for Durban in the Legislative Council, served in the Zulu Campaign of 1879 to 1880 and in the Transvaal war of 1881. He was elected prime minister in 1897 and held the post until 1899.
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Harry F Kelly was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Michigan from 1943 until 1946.
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Harry Flood Byrd was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Virginia from 1926 until 1930.
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Harry Furniss was a British caricaturist. He was born in 1854 at Wexford and died in 1925. He went to London as a young man where his drawings appeared in many leading illustrated periodicals.
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Harry G Leslie was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Indiana from 1929 until 1933.
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Harry H Woodring was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kansas from 1931 until 1933.
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Harry Houdini was an American magician and escapologist. He was born in 1874 and died in 1926. His real name was Ehrich Weiss, and he became world famous for his escape tricks.
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Harry L Davis was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Ohio from 1921 until 1923.
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Harry R Hughes was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1979 until 1987.
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Harry S Truman was an American politician and president. He was born in 1884 in Missouri. In 1934 he was elected to the senate for the Democrats. In 1945 he became president when Roosevelt died. In 1948 he was re-elected president and in 1952 he retired from politics.
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Harry Vardon was an English professional golfer. He was born in 1870 at Grouville, Jersey and died in 1937. An amateur golfer, he turned professional in 1903 and was six times British Open Champion in 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1911 and 1914 and American Open Champion in 1900 and German Open champion in 1911 and the winner of the News of the World Tournament in 1912. His overlapping grip became known as the 'Vardon grip'.
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Harry W Nice was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maryland from 1935 until 1939.
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Hartley Coleridge was an English poet. He was born in 1796 at Clevedon near Bristol and died in 1849. In 1815 he went to Oxford, and in 1818 took his degree but was refused his fellowship from Oriel College on account of his drinking. Leaving Oxford he went first to London and the to the Lake District where he wrote sonnets and prose.
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The Haruspices were priests or soothsayers of Etruscan origin, who foretold events from observing the entrails of animals. They were introduced to Rome by Romulus in around 750 BC and abolished by Constantine in 337.
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Harvey L Wollman was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Dakota from 1978 until 1979.
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Harvey Parnell was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1928 until 1933.
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The Hausa are a Muslim people of north Nigeria.
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The Hawkubites were a gang of thugs who roamed the streets of London after dark molesting women, children, old men and watchmen during the reign of Queen Anne from around 1711 until around 1714.
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Henry Hawley Smart was an English soldier and novelist. He was born in 1833 at Dover and died in 1893. Educated privately, he entered the army in the 1st Regiment of Foot and saw action in the Crimean War and in India during the Indian Mutiny. Retiring from the army with the rank of captain, he devoted himself to writing, producing some thirty novels based around the themes of racing, hunting and military life. His first novel, 'Breezie Langton' was published in 1869.
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The Hay-ward was a former British public official in charge of the town or village's commons
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A hayward was a town officer appointed in the early New England colonies to look after hedges and boundaries of private property and prevent encroachment, Also his office was akin to that of the impounder and common driver.
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Hazen S Pingree was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Michigan from 1897 until 1900.
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William Hazlitt was an English writer. He was born in 1778 at Maidstone and died in 1830.
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Heber M Wells was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Utah from 1896 until 1905.
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Hector Berlioz was a French composer. He was born in 1803 and died in 1869. He gave up medicine to study music at the Paris Conservatoire, where he gained the first prize in 1830 with his cantata Sardanapale. For about two years he studied in Italy, and when on his return he began to produce his larger works, he found himself compelled to take up the pen both in defence of his principles and for his own better maintenance.
As critic of the Journal des Debats and feuilletonist he displayed scarcely less originality than in his music, his chief literary works being the Traite d'Instrumentation, 1844; Voyage Musical, 1845; Les Soirees d'Orchestre, 1853; and A travers Chant, 1862. His musical works belong to the Romantic school, and are specially noteworthy for the resource they display in orchestral colouring. The more important are Harold en Italie; Episode de la Vie d'un Artiste, and Le Retour a la Vie; Romeo and Juliette, 1834; Damnation de Faust, 1846; the operas Benvenuto Cellini, Beatrice and Benedict, and Les Troy-ens; L'Enfance du Christ, and the Requiem. He married an English actress, Miss Smithson, but latterly lived apart from her. After his death appeared Memoires written by himself.
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Hector Boece (Hector Boyce) was a Scottish historian. He was born about 1465 at Dundee and died in 1536. He studied first at Dundee, and then at the University of Paris, where he became professor of philosophy in the College of Montaigu, and made the acquaintance of Erasmus. About 1500 he quitted Paris to assume the principalship of the newly-founded university of King's College, Aberdeen. In 1522 he published in Paris a history in Latin of the prelates of Mortlach and Aberdeen. Five years afterward appeared the work on which his fame chiefly rests, the History of Scotland in Latin - Scotorum Historic a prima gentis origine, etc. It abounds in fable, but the narrative seems to have been skilfully adjusted to the conditions of belief in his own time. In 1536 a translation of the history was published, made by John Ballentyne or Bellenden for James V.
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Hector St John de Crevecoeur was an English writer. He was born in 1731 and died in 1813. Emigrating to America in 1754 he was captured during the American War Of Independence, made a prisoner and later exchanged in England. In 1783 he was appointed French Consul at New York. He wrote extensively concerning America.
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Hector Hugo Munro (Saki) was a British novelist. He was born in 1870 and died in 1916.
Sir Hector Munro was a British general. He was born in 1726 and died in 1805. In 1764 he suppressed the mutiny at Patnar and won the Battle of Buxar, which virtually subjugated Hindustan. After spending some years at home he returned to India in 1777, captured Pondichery from the French in 1778, helped to gain the port of Porto Novo in 1781, and captured Negapatam. From 1768 to 1801 he sat as a member of Parliament for the Inverness Burghs.
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The Hedui were a Celtic people of north-east France. They were subjugated by Julius Caesar in 52 BC. In 21 an insurrection was quelled by Silius.
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Heidi India Range (also known as 'Tinkerbell') is an English singer. She was born in 1963 at Liverpool. A performer from an early age, she first appeared on stage singing at the Neptune Theatre in Liverpool when she was three. Originally a member of the pop group 'Atomic Kitten' from when she was fifteen years old, she left the band because they weren't performing the type of music she liked and in 2001 joined pop group the 'Sugarbabes' from where she is best known to an international audience.
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Heinrich Barth was a German explorer. He was born in 1821 at Hamburg 1821 and died in 1865. He graduated at the University of Berlin as Ph.D. in 1844; and set out in 1845 to explore all the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. The first volume of his Wanderungen durch die Kustenlander des Mittelmeeres was published in 1849, in which year he was invited by the English government to join Dr. Overweg in accompanying Richardson's expedition to Central Africa. The expedition set out from Tripoli in February, 1850, and in spite of the death both of Richardson and Overweg, Barth did not return to Tripoli until the autumn of 1855. His explorations, which extended over an area of about 2,000,000 square miles, determined the course of the Niger and the true nature of the Sahara. The English account of it was entitled Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa (published in five volumes bewteen 1857 and 1858). An important work on the African languages was left unfinished.
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Heinrich Berghaus was a German geographer. He was born in 1797 and died in 1884. He served with the German army in France in 1815 and from 1816 to 1821 was employed with the great trigonometrical survey of Prussia under the War Department. From 1824 to 1855 he was professor of applied mathematics in the Berlin Academy of Architecture and afterwards resided at Stettin.
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Heinrich Karl Brugsch was a German Egyptologist. He was born in 1827 and died in 1894. He early devoted himself to the study of Egyptian antiquities, and resided a number of years in Egypt, being for some time in the employment of the Egyptian government, by which he was created a bey, and latterly a pasha. He also travelled in Persia. His works are very numerous, and include an autobiography. His History of Egypt from the Monuments has been translated into English.
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Heinrich Heine was a German lyric poet. He was born in 1797 at Dusseldorf and died in 1856.
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Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was a German physicist. He was born in 1857 and died in 1895. He confirmed Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of waves and discovered information about their behaviour. The measurement of the frequency of radio waves is named after him.
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Heinrich Himmler was a German Nazi leader. He was born in 1900 at Munich and died in 1945. After joining the Nazi party in 1925 he was appointed head of the SS which he developed from Hitler's personal bodyguard into a powerful party weapon. He was the founder and head of the Gestapo, and instigated the systematic liquidation of racial groups, being responsible for the deaths of more than seven million people.
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Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff was a German electrician. He was born in 1803 and died in 1877. He went to Paris, and there he invented a thermo-electric battery in 1844 and in 1851 the Ruhmkorff coil, by which sparks 45 cm in length can be produced.
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Heinrich Schliemann was a German explorer and archaeologist. He was born in 1822 at Neu-Buckow and died in 1890. Following his travels in India, China, Japan and Greece he began excavations at Troy in 1870 which continued with breaks until 1882. In 1876 he explored Mycenae and in 1884 he excavated the site of Tiryns, discovering the foundations of the palace. He also wrote a number of books about his excavations.
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Heinrich Matthias Thurn (Count Von Thurn) was a Bohemian Protestant leader. He was born in 1580 and died in 1640. In 1618 he raised the standard of revolt against the emperor and invaded Austria, but fled after the disastrous battle of the White Hill at Prague in 1620. Later he served in the Swedish army, being present at Breitenfeld in 1631 and Lutzen in 1632. He was finally defeated by Wallenstein at Steinau on the Oder in 1633.
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Count Heinrich Von Bruhl was a minister and favourite of Augustus III, king of Poland. He was born in 1700 and died 1763. In 1747 he became the primeminister of Augustus III, to gratify whose wishes he exhausted the state, plunged the country into debt, and greatly reduced the army. He acquired great wealth and lived in greater state than the king himself. His profusion was often beneficial to the arts and sciences, and his library of 62,000 volumes formed a chief part of the Royal Library at Dresden.
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Baron Heinrich Friedrich Karl von Stein was a German statesman. He was born in 1757 at Nassau and died in 1831. After studying law at Gottingen, he entered the Prussian service where he rose quickly and rendered great service to King Frederick William III between 1804 and 1806. In 1807 he was dismissed for urging the establishment of a responsible cabinet, but resumed office as minister of the interior.
Denounced by Napoleon Bonaparte for his politics, Heinrich von Stein escaped arrest by fleeing to Bohemia and in 1812 went to St Petersburg at the request of Tsar Alexander I. After the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 he presided over the commission for the control of occupied territory.
He worked hard at the Congress of Vienna to secure a consolidation of Germany before retiring to private life.
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Heinrich von Stephen was a German administrator. He was born in 1831 at Stolp and died in 1896. He entered the German postal service as a clerk, and was quickly promoted, in 1856 becoming secretary to the Berlin post office. He introduced major improvements to the German postal service and in 1870 became postmaster-general of Prussia, and in 1880 was appointed state secretary of the Imperial post office. As well as improving the German postal service Heinrich von Stephen also took an active part in the foundation of the International Postal Union in 1874.
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Heinrich von Sybel was a German historian. He was born in 1817 at Dusseldorf and died in 1895. Educated at Dusseldorf and at Berlin University, he settled as a teacher at Bonn in 1841. In 1846 he was made professor of history at Marburg; in 1856 at Munich and in 1861 at Bonn. In 1875 he left Bonn to become director of the Prussian archives.
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Heinrich Von Treitschke was a German historian and publicist. He was born in 1834 at Dresden and died in 1896. Educated at Bonn, Leipzig, Tubingen, Heidelberg and Gottingen he obtained a post at Leipzig university in 1857, but his seal for a union with Prussia compelled him to leave Saxony in 1863 and he went to Freiburg, and afterwards to Kiel and Heidelberg. He spoke widely on political philosophy, arguing for the authority of the state and calling for individual blind obedience to the state, and calling for a unification of Germany into a single powerful kingdom.
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Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian composer. He was born in 1887 and died in 1959.
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Helen Blavatsky was a Russian occultist. She was born in 1831 and died in 1891. She married at the age of seventeen the sixty-year-old Baron Blavatsky, but left him at the end of three months. She made extensive travels in Europe, Asia, and North America, took up the subject of theosophy and Eastern lore, and with Colonel Olcott, an Englishman, founded in 1875 the Theosophic Society, whose leader she continued to be until her death in London in 1891. Besides editing a theosophistic journal, Lucifer the Lightbringer, she published various works, including The Secret Doctrine; Key to Theosophy; Isis Unveiled; etc.
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Helen Maria Fiske Jackson was an American writer. She was born in 1831 and died in 1885. After the death of her husband, Edwin B Hunt, in 1863, she began writing prose and poetry for periodicals under the pen-name of Helen Hunt. In 1876 she married William S Jackson. She was appointed special commissioner to the Mission Indians of California by President Arthur in 1883, as a consequence of her special interest in them, as shown by her writings.
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Helen Keller was an American writer and campaigner for the disabled. She was born in 1880 at Tuscumbia, Alabama and died in 1968. She became deaf and blind at the age of 19 months, but remarkably was taught to communicate when she was seven years old and went on to use both sign language and verbal language, graduated from Radcliffe College in 1904 and wrote several books based on her experiences.
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Helena Ghika was a Romanian writer. She was born in 1828 at Bucharest and died in 1888. She wrote novels in French under the pseudonym Dora d'Istria.
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Helene Adele is an English woman. She was born in 1907. Helene Adele was the victim of an attempt to pervert the course of justice by two Metropolitan police constables in 1928. In July 1928 Helene Adele was staying in a taxicab parked in a garage in London, with permission that she might sleep overnight in the taxi, when two PCs inspected the garage on their patrol. One constable entered the cab and tried to force Helene Adele to have sex with him. She refused, threatened to report the officer, and was subsequently arrested and charged on fabricated charges of using insulting words and behaviour. The truth came out in court, and
Helene Adele was acquitted and the two constables charged with perjury and attempting to pervert the course of justice. At the officers trial an Acting-Sergeant gave false evidence that at the time of the incident one of the officers had been at the station. Both officers were convicted to 18 months hard-labour and the Acting-Sergeant was dismissed from the force for giving false evidence.
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Hellene is an alternate name for a Greek.
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Helmuth Johannes Ludwig Von Moltke was a Prussian general. He was born in 1848 and died in 1916. He invented the German plan of campaign for the Great War.
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The helot were a class of slaves in ancient Sparta.
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The Helvetii were a Celtic people living in the area now called Switzerland (Helvetia after them) around Roman times. They were persecuted by the Romans under Vitellius for refusing to acknowledge him as Emperor and were almost wiped out by Julius Caesar in 58 BC near Geneva.
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Hendrick was a Mohawk chief. He was born in 1680 and died in 1755. He represented the Six Nations at a treaty congress in 1754 at Albany, and faithfully aided the British against the French.
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Hendrick Antoon Lorentz was a Dutch scientist. He was born in 1853 and died in 1928. He shared the Nobel prize for physics in 1902.
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Hendrik Conscience was a Flemish novelist. He was born in 1812 at Antwerp and died in 1883. Having educated himself he taught for a short time in a school, and then served in the army for six years. He was for a time tutor in Flemish to the royal princes, and from 1868 conservator of the Wiertz museum at Brussels. He wrote novels mainly dealing with the history of his country and provide accounts of everyday life in Belgium. They include The Lion of Flanders; Jakob van Artevelde; Batavia; Wooden Clara; Blind Rosa; The Poor Nobleman; The Young Doctor; Maternal Love; etc. He also wrote a History of Belgium.
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Hendrik Willem Mesdag was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1831 ay Groningen and died in 1905. He started painting landscapes, using the method of painting on a window and then later enlarging the picture onto canvas, until in 1868 he moved to painting marine pictures.
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Hendrik van Balen was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1560 at Antwerp and died in 1632. His works, chiefly classical, religious, and allegorical - some of them executed in partnership with Breughel - are to be found in most of the European galleries. He was the first master of Van Dyck and Snyders. Three of his sons also followed the art.
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Hengist was king of the Heptarchy in 454.
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Henri Francois D'Aguesseau was a distinguished French jurist and statesman. He was born in 1668 at Limoges in 1668 and died in 1751. He was in 1690 advocate-general at Paris, and at the age of thirty-two procureur-general of the parliament. He risked disgrace with Louis XIV by successfully opposing the famous papal bull Unigenitus. He was made chancellor in 1717, was deprived of his office in 1718 on account of his opposition to Law's system of finance, but had to be recalled in 1720. In 1722 he had to retire a second time; but was recalled in 1727 by Cardinal Fleury, and in 1737 again got the chancellorship, which he held until 1750.
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Henri Frederic Amiel was a Swiss writer. He was born in 1821 at Geneva and died in 1881. He was professor of aesthetics and French literature and then of moral philosophy at Geneva and wrote verse, but is best known for his posthumous Journal Intime comprising 17,000 manuscript pages written between 1848 and 1881.
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Henri Arnaud was a pastor and military leader of the Vaudois of Piedmont. He was born in 1641 and died in 1721. At the head of his people he successfully withstood the united forces of France and Savoy, and afterwards did good service against France in the War of the Spanish Succession. He had to retire from his country, and was followed by a number of his people, to whom he discharged the duties of pastor until his death.
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Henri Barbusse was a French writer. He was born in 1874 and died in 1935.
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Henri Louis Bergson was a French philosopher. He was born in 1859 at Paris. He was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1927.
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Henri Marie du Crotay de Blainville was a French naturalist. He was born in 1777 and died in 1850. After attending a military school, and also studying art, his interest in Cuvier's lectures led him to the study of medicine and natural history. Cuvier chose him for his assistant in the College of France and the museum of natural history, and in 1812 secured for him the chair of anatomy and zoology in the Faculty of Sciences at Paris. In 1825 he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences; in 1829 he became professor in the Museum of Natural History, lecturing on the mollusca, zoophytes, and worms; and in 1832 he succeeded Cuvier in the chair of comparative anatomy there. His chief works were L'Organisation des Animaux ou Principes d'Anatomie Comparee (1822);
Manuel de Malacologie et de Conchylio-logie (1825); Cours de Physiologic Generale (1829 32); Manuel d'Actinologie (1834); Osteographie, a work on the vertebrate skeleton.
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Henri Alexis Brialmont was a Belgian soldier, military writer and engineer. He was born in 1821 at Venlo and died in 1903. He entered the army in 1843 as a lieutenant of engineers and retired in 1886. Educated at the Military School, Brussels, he made a special study of the principles of fortifications and was appointed Inspector-General of Fortifications on the general Staff in 1875. During his career he wrote a number of works, many of which deal with fortifications.
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Henri Chapu was a French sculptor. He was born in 1833 at Mee and died in 1891.
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Henri Christophe was King of Haiti. He was born in 1767 in the West Indies and died in 1820. He was employed as a slave in St Domingo on the outbreak of the blacks against the French in 1793. From the commencement of the troubles he signalized himself by his energy, boldness, and activity in many bloody engagements. Toussaint-L'Ouverture gave him the commission of brigadier-general, and he was largely instrumental in driving the French from the island. After the death of Dessalines Henri Christophe became master of the northern part of the island. In 1811 he had himself proclaimed King of Haiti by the name of Henri I. He also sought to perpetuate his name by the compilation of the Code Henri - a digest founded upon the Code Napoleon. His cruelty provoked a revolt, which being unable to quell he shot himself, 1820.
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Henri Coiffier de Ruze (Marquis de Cinq-Mars) was a French courtier. He was born in 1620 and died in 1642. A favourite of Louis XIII., he was introduced at court by Cardinal Richelieu. The king made him master of the robes and grand equerry of France when only in his nineteenth year, and he soon aspired, not only to a share in the management of public affairs, but even to the hand of the beautiful Maria di Gonzaga, princess of Mantua. Thwarted, however, by the cardinal, Cinq-Mars concocted a plot for the overthrow of Richelieu, and entered into treaty with Spain. To propitiate Richelieu the king was compelled to sacrifice his favourite, who was arrested at Narbonne and beheaded with his friend the young councillor De Thou at Lyons in 1642.
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Henri Benjamin Constant de Rebecque was a French politician. He was born in 1767 at Lausanne and died in 1830. During the French Revolution he distinguished himself by his works upon politics and on revolutionary subjects, and was elected to the office of tribune; but his speeches and writings rendered him odious to the First Consul, and he was dismissed in 1802.
Similarity of sentiments connected him with Madame de Stael; and with her he travelled through several countries until Napoleon permitted him to return to Paris for a limited period. He then went to Gottingen, and again appeared at Paris in 1814, showing himself zealous in the cause of the Bourbons, though he suffered himself to be elected counsellor of state by Napoleon. Subsequently he was elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies. His numerous writings include essays on the liberty of the press (1814); on the principles of politics (1815), etc; besides his more elaborate philosophical work, De la Religion consideree dans sa Source, ses Formes, et ses Developpements (1824).
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Henri-Eugene-Phillipe Louis D'Orleans, Duc D'Aumale, was a French prince and statesman. He was born in 1822 and died in 1897. A son of Louis Philippe, the king of the French, in 1847 he succeeded Marshal Bugeaud as governor-general of Algeria, where he had distinguished himself in the war against Abd-el-Kader. After the revolution of 1848 he retired to England; but he returned to France in 1871, and was elected a member of the assembly; became inspector-general of the army in 1879, and was expelled along with the other royal princes in 1886, but was allowed to return.
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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a French painter. He was born in 1864 at Albi and died in 1901.
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Henri Duparc was a French composer. He was born in Paris in 1848. He died in 1933.
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Henri Duveyrier was a French explorer and geographer. He was born in 1840 at Paris and died in 1892. He undertook an exploration of the Sahara in 1858 until 1861 and studied the Berber people of Morocco in 1876.
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Henri Fantin-Latour was a French painter. He was born in 1836 at Grenoble and died in 1904.
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Henri Matisse was a French painter. He was born in 1869 at Le Cateau and died in 1954.
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Henri Rousseau was a French painter. He was born in 1844 and died in 1910.
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Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville was a French chemist. He was born in 1818 and died in 1881. His principal works included the sodium method of preparing aluminium and researches on the platinum metals. His experiences with high temperature methods in this connection led to pioneering work on the artificial preparation of minerals and to his discovery of thermal dissociation.
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Henrietta Eliza Vaughan Stannard was a British novelist. She was born in 1856 and died in 1911. She wrote under the pseudonym John Strange Winter.
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Henrik Ibsen was a Norwegian dramatist. He was born in 1828 at Skien and died in 1906.
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