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J Andrew Schulze was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1823 until 1829.
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J Bracken Lee was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Utah from 1949 until 1957.
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J C B Ehringhaus was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1933 until 1937.
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J C W Beckham was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kentucky from 1900 until 1907.
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J Caleb Boggs was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Delaware from 1953 until 1960.
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J (John) Gregory Smith was an American politician and railroad magnet. He was born in 1818 at St Albans, Vermont and died in 1891. He attended the University of Vermont and Yale Law School, and was admitted to the Vermont bar in 1842. His father was a lawyer who was actively involved in the expansion of the railroads in Vermont and J Gregory joined him both in the practice of law and railroad management. John Smith was on the board of the Vermont Central Railroad, a railroad chartered in 1843 and headquartered in Northfield, and was president of the Vermont and Canada Railroad, which he had started in 1845 to eventually connect the Vermont Central Railroad with Montreal. Upon his father's death in 1858, J Gregory Smith became president of the Vermont Central Railroad and his brother, Worthington C. Smith, was named president of the Vermont and Canada. The Central Vermont Railroad was organized in 1873 and assumed management of both the Vermont Central and Vermont and Canada Railroads. In 1883 the Consolidated Railroad of Vermont
was formed to purchase the Vermont Central and Vermont and Canada property, and immediately leased it to the Central Vermont Railroad thereby consolidating the Smith family's railroad holdings. The family expanded their holdings to include related industries such as the St. Albans Foundry, the National Car Company, and its subsidiary the Vermont Iron and Car Company. While expanding his holdings in Vermont and the northeast,
J Gregory Smith became interested in the idea of a railroad to the west and became president of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company in 1866, a position he held until 1872. Smith was also active in politics and was elected to the state senate in 1858 and 1859. In 1860, 1861, and 1862 he was elected to the house as a representative of St. Albans, and served as speaker of the house. In 1863 Smith was elected governor and served two terms before retiring to devote time to his duties as the president of Central Vermont and the Northern Pacific Railroad.
J Gregory Smith married Ann Eliza Brainerd of St Albans in 1843 and together they had six children: George Gregory (who married Frances Lewis), Edward Curtis (who married Anna B. James), Lawrence (who died in infancy), Annie B., Julia B. (who married Oliver Stevens), Helen L. (who married D. Sage Mackay).
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J K P Mansfiedl was an American soldier. He was born in 1803 and died in 1863. A general, he was commander of the Department of Washington during the earlier part of the American Civil War, and was killed at the Battle of Antietam.
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Sir James Matthew Barrie was a Scottish novelist and playwright. He was born in 1860 at Kirriemuir, Angus and died in 1937. He studied at Edinburgh University, graduating as M.A. in 1882. After entering journalism in 1883, first at Nottingham and then at London, he became renowned for his books and plays including the 1904 children's play 'Peter Pan'. His first book, Better Dead published in 1887 was a satire on London life, and was followed by the highly successful Auld Licht Idylls in 1888, with its sequel A Window in Thrums (that is, Kirriemuir), published in 1889. Among his novels and tales are When a Man's Single; My Lady Nicotine; The Little Minister; Sentimental Tommy; Tommy and Grizel; The Little White Bird. Successful plays are Walker, London ; The Professor's Love Story; The Little Minister (based on the novel); the Admirable Crichton; Quality Street; Little Mary. His plays on the whole have been even more successful than his other works.
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J P Barrington is a British squash player. He was born in 1940. He won the British open championship in 1966 and 1967 and again in 1969 beating Hunt in the longest final ever, and the amateur championship in 1967, 1968 and 1969. He also played for Ireland from 1966. He turned professional in 1969, but following his second failure to win the international championships became the first professional player to play exhibition matches around the world.
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Jam Sahib Ranjitsinhji was an English cricketer. He was born in 1872 and died in 1933. He played for Cambridge University, Sussex - whom he captained from 1899 to 1903 and England, and is known as one of the greatest stylists and a keen bowler. As a batsman he broke numerous records during the 1890s and in 1899 was the first to score 3000 runs in a single season.
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J Emile Harley was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina from 1941 until 1942.
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J Frank Hanly was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Indiana from 1905 until 1909.
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J Howard Edmondson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Oklahoma from 1959 until 1963.
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J Howard McGrath was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Rhode Island from 1941 until 1945.
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J Howard Pyle was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Arizona from 1951 until 1955.
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J Hugo Aronson was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Montana from 1953 until 1961.
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J J Hickey was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Wyoming from 1959 until 1961.
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Sir Joseph John Thomson (Sir J J Thomson) was an English physicist. He was born in 1856 at Cheetham and died in 1940. Educated at Owens College, Manchester and Trinity College, Cambridge, he was made a fellow of Trinity in 1880 and Cavendish professor of experimental physics in 1884. He was appointed professor of physics at the Royal Institution, London in 1905 and won the Nobel prize for physics in 1906. He was knighted in 1908 and in 1915 was elected to the Royal Society and in 1918 appointed master of Trinity College, Cambridge.
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J James Exon was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Nebraska from 1971 until 1979.
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J Joseph Garrahy was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Rhode Island from 1977 until 1985.
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J. L. Sullivan (John Lawrence Sullivan) was an American boxer. He was born in 1858 at Boston and died in 1918. He was the 1889 American Heavyweight Champion, having beaten Jake Kilrain in 75 rounds at Richburg.
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J. Lee Thompson was an English film director, writer and film producer. He was born in 1914 at Bristol and died in 2002 of congestive heart failure.
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J Lindsay Almond Jr was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Virginia from 1958 until 1962.
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J M Morehead was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of North Carolina from 1841 until 1845.
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J Melville Broughton was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1941 until 1945.
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J Millard Tawes was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1959 until 1967.
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J Pinckney Henderson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Texas from 1846 until 1847.
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J Proctor Knott was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kentucky from 1883 until 1887.
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Jack Britton was an American boxer, who won the world welterweight title in 1915, 1916 and again in 1919, holding it until 1922. He was born in 1885 and died in 1962.
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Jack Donaldson was an Australian professional sprinter who held almost all professional records from 65 yards to 400 yards. He was born in 1886 and died in 1933.
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In English poetry Jack Frost is the personification of frost.
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Jack Hobbs (nicknamed 'the master'), properly Sir John Berry Hobbs, was an English cricketer. He was born in 1882 at Cambridge and died in 1963. He started his first-class cricket career playing for Cambridgeshire in 1904 before joining Surrey in 1905, staying with them until 1935 and scoring a record 61237 runs in first-class cricket and a record 197 centuries. He played in every Test Match for England between 1907 and 1930, establishing himself as an outstanding opening batsman with his partner Herbert Sutcliffe. In 1926 he captained England, the same year scoring a record 316 runs at Lords. He was the first cricket player to be knighted, in 1953.
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Jack London was an American writer. He was born in 1876 at San Francisco and died in 1916. He wrote The Call of the Wild and White Fang.
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Jack M Campbell was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Mexico from 1963 until 1967.
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Jack William Nicklaus is an American golfer. He was born in 1940. He was US amateur champion in 1959 and 1961 and US Open Champion in 1962, 1967 and 1972 and has won more major championships than any other golfer.
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Jack Okey was an American film art director. He was born in 1890 and died in 1963.
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Jack R Gage was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Wyoming from 1961 until 1963.
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Jack Sheppard (real name John Sheppard) was an English highwayman. He was born in 1702 at Stepney, London and hanged in 1724 at Tyburn. He was a workhouse child who abandoned his apprenticeship with Owen Wood, carpenter in the Strand, and took up robbery. He escaped from prison many times, most notably escaping from the condemned cell in Newgate in 1724 where he was chained to the floor.
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Jackson Haines was an American ice figure-skater. He was born in 1840 at Chicago and died in 1879. He was originally a dancer and developed a radical technique of skating which shocked the more conventionally minded during the mid-nineteenth century. He instigated the Viennese school of skating.
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Jacob is a biblical character, the son of Isaac and the patriarch of the nation of Israel. He supplanted his elder brother Esau, obtaining his father' s special blessing and thus being seen as the inheritor of God's promises. He had twelve sons, to whom Jewish tradition traces the twelve tribes of Israel.
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Jacob A O Preus was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Minnesota from 1921 until 1925.
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Jacob B Jackson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of West Virginia from 1881 until 1885.
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Jacob Brown was an American General. He was born in 1775 and died in 1828. A militia general in New York, when the War of 1812 started he joined the war and gained a victory at Sackett's Harbour in 1813 and was made a major-general in the regular army. In 1814 he won victories at Chippewa and at Lundy's Lane. In 1821 he succeeded to the command of the army as general-in-chief.
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Jacob Bryant was an English philologist and antiquary. He was born in 1715 and died in 1804. Educated at Eton and Cambridge, he became tutor of the sons of the famous Duke of Marlborough, the eldest of whom he accompanied to the Continent as secretary, and after his return received a lucrative post in the ordnance, which gave him leisure for researches into Biblical, Roman, and Grecian antiquities. His most important work was the New System of Ancient Mythology, 1774-1776. Amongst other things he endeavoured to prove the purely fictional nature of the Iliad, and that Melita, on which St Paul was wrecked, was not Malta, but an island in the Adriatic.
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Jacob Collamer was an American politician. He was born in 1791 and died in 1865. He was a Representative in the Vermont Assembly in 1821 and 1827. From 1833 until 1842 and from 1850 until 1854 he was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, a member of Congress from 1843 until 1849, and Postmaster-General from 1849 until 1850. From 1854 until his death he was a US Senator.
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Jacob Dolson Cox was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Ohio from 1866 until 1868.
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Jacob Duche was an American Episcopal clergyman. He was born in 1737 and died in 1798. He espoused the patriot cause at the beginning of the American Revolution. He was the first chaplain of the Congress in 1774. He despaired of success for the colonies, and in 1777 advised George Washington by letter to abandon the attempt. This made him so unpopular that he went to England.
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Sir Jacob Epstein was an American born sculptor who lived in England. He was born in 1880 and died in 1959.
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Jacob M Howard was an American politician. He was born in 1805 and died in 1871. He was a member of the Michigan Legislature in 1838 and represented that State in the US Congress from 1841 to 1843. He drafted the first Republican platform in 1854 and gave the party its name. He was a US Senator from 1862 to 1871.
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Jacob Jones was an American sailor. He was born in 1768 and died in 1850. He entered the US navy in 1799. He was a lieutenant of the Philadelphia from 1801 to 1803. In command of the Wasp he captured the British brig Frolic in 1812. This was one of the first important naval victories of the War of 1812. In 1813 he commanded the Macedonian in Decatur's squadron.
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Jacob Jordaens was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1593 at Antwerp and died in 1678.
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Jacob van Ruisdael was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1628 in Haarlem and died in 1682.
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Jacob Snider was a Dutch-American inventor. He died in 1866. A wine merchant in Philadelphia, his hobby was mechanics and he made a number of inventions, of which a breech-loading rifle was one. He took his rifle design to England in 1859 where it was accepted by the British government, but details of payment had not been settled by the time of his death in 1866.
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Jacob Stainer (also known as Jakob Stainer) was an Austrian violin maker. He was born in 1621 at Absam and died in 1683. He became a protégé of the archduke Ferdinand Charles from 1648 onwards. He was a highly successful maker of the violin, viol, viola da gamba, and other instruments and was the founder of the Tyrolese school of violin-making. Through pecuniary disputes he died penniless and allegedly insane.
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Jacob Stout was an American politician. He was a Federalist governor of Delaware from 1820 until 1821.
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Jacob Thompson was an American politician. He was born in 1810 and died in 1885. He represented Mississippi in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1839 to 1851. He was Secretary of the Interior in Buchanan's Cabinet from 1857 to 1861, and used that position to aid schemes of secession. He was Governor of Mississippi from 1862 to 1864. In 1864 he was sent as a Confederate commissioner to Canada, where he promoted the scheme to release the prisoners at Camp Douglas, Chicago, and burn the city.
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Jacob Tonson was an English publisher. he was born in 1656 and died in 1736. He started business at the Judge's Head, Chancery Lane, London in 1678, later moved to Gray's Inn Gate where his brother, Richard Tonson had opened a bookshop in 1676, and then to the Shakespeare's Head in the Strand. He became printer of parliamentary votes, was secretary to the Kit-Cat Club, for which he built a room at Barn Elms, and is remembered as the publisher of Milton's Paradise Lost, Rowe's Shakespeare and works by Dryden, Addison and Steele. he retired in 1720, the business being carried on by his nephew, also called Jacob Tonson, and his great-nephew who was also called Jacob Tonson.
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Jacob Van Arteveld was a brewer of Ghent. He was born about 1300 and died about 1345. He was selected by his fellow-townsmen to lead them in their struggles against Count Louis of Flanders. In 1338 he was appointed captain of the forces of Ghent, and for several years exercised a sort of sovereign power. A proposal to make the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England, governor of Flanders led to an insurrection, in which Arteveld lost his life
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The Jacobites were people who wanted the return of the Stuart monarchy after the expulsion of James II by William III.
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Jacobus Arminius (Jacob Harmensen) was a Dutch theologian. He was born in 1560 at Oderwater and died in 1609 following persecution by the clergy. He was the founder of the sect of Arminians or Remonstrants. He studied at Utrecht, in the University of Leyden, and at Geneva, where his chief preceptor in theology was Theodore Beza. On his return to Holland he was appointed minister of one of the churches in Amsterdam, and chosen to undertake the refutation of a work which strongly controverted Beza's doctrine of predestination; but he happened to be convinced by the work which he had undertaken to refute. Elected in 1603 professor of divinity at Leyden, he openly declared his opinions, and was involved in harassing controversies, especially with his fellow professor Gomarus. These contests, with the continual attacks on his reputation, at length impaired his health and brought on a complicated disease, of which he died.
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Jacobus Bellamy was a Flemish poet. He was born in 1757 at Flushing and died in 1786. A volume of sentimental and anacreontic poems was published in 1782, and was followed in 1785 by a collection of his patriotic songs under the title Vaderlandscho Gezangen, which secured him a place among the first poets of his nation. He ranks as one of the restorers of modern Dutch poetry.
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Jacobus Clemens (also known as Clemens Non Papa) was a Flemish composer. He was born in 1510 at Ieper in Burgundian Flanders and died in 1556. He is best known for his sacred music. In 1544 he was probationary choirmaster of Saint-Donatien in Brugge and in 1550 was singer and composer at Hertogenbosch.
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Jacobus Hendricus Van't Hoff was a Dutch chemist. He was born in 1852 and died in 1911. He investigated oceanic salt deposits, stereoisomerism, mass action and contributed to the theory of solution.
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Jacopo Sannazaro was an Italian poet. He was born in 1458 at Naples and died in 1530. He entered the service first of the Duke of Calabria and then of Frederick of Naples. He wrote various short pieces in Italian for court performances and a number of sonnets and canzoni.
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Jacqueline du Pre was an English cellist. She was born in 1945 and died in 1987.
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Jacques Amyot was a French ecclesiastic and scholar. He was born in 1513 at Melun and died in 1593. Educated at the University of Paris and Bourges he became tutor to the sons of Henry II of France and was made bishop of Auxerre. He is best known for translating the works of some of the classical authors. His chief translations are those of Plutarch's Lives and his Morals, the romance of Theagenes and Chariclea by Heliodorus, and the Daphnis and Chloe of Longus. Sir Thomas North's English translation of Plutarch, of which Shakespeare made much use, was derived from that of Amyot.
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Jacques Benigne Boussuet was a French preacher and theologian. He was born in 1627 and died in 1704. At the age of fifteen he entered the College of Navarre, where he studied Greek and the Holy Scriptures, read the ancient classics, and investigated the Cartesian philosophy. In 1652 he was ordained a priest, and made a canon of Metz, where his piety, acquirements, and eloquence, gained him a great reputation. In 1670 he was appointed preceptor to the Dauphin, and in 1681 he was raised to the see of Meaux. He drew up the famous propositions adopted by the assembly of French clergy, which secured the freedom of the Gallican Church against the aggressions of the pope. In his latter years he opposed Quietism, and prosecuted Madame Guy on and when his old friend Fenelon defended her he caused him to be exiled. The great occupation of his life was his controversy with the Protestants.
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Jacques Charles Brunet was a French bibliographer and bookseller. He was born in 1780 and died in 1867. He started his bibliographic career by the preparation of several auction catalogues and of a supplementary volume to the Dictionaire Bibliographique of Cailleau and Duclos.
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Jacques-Yves Cousteau is a French underwater explorer. He was born in 1910. He has pioneered aqualung diving and made numerous television documentaries.
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Jacques D'Arsonval was a French physicist. He was born in 1851 and died in 1940.
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Jacques d'Arthois was a Flemish landscape painter active. He was born in 1613 and died in 1686. He specialized in large wooded landscapes, with figures that were often added by other artists, notably Teniers the Younger. Few dated works exist making the development of his style not easily followed, and the work of his brother, Nicolas, and his son, Jean-Baptiste, is sometimes indistinguishable from his. D'Arthois led an unstable life, being imprisoned for debt, and dying in poverty despite his successful career. Paintings from his busy studio in Brussels were often used to decorate churches; examples are in Brussels Cathedral.
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Jacques Auguste de Thou was a French lawyer and historian. He was born in 1553 at Paris and died in 1617. Educated at Paris and Valence, he travelled in Italy and in 1576 became councillor-clerk to the parliament of Paris. A trusted friend of Henry III he carried out diplomatic missions to Navarre in 1581 and in 1588 he became councillor of the state. He helped to draft the edict of Nantes in 1598 and was later one of the three finance controllers appointed by Marie de Medici.
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Jacques Dupre was an American politician. He was a Jeffersonian Republican governor of Louisiana from 1830 until 1831.
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Jacques Christophe le Blond was a French miniature painter and originator of colour printing. He was born in 1670 at Frankfort-on-the-Main and died in 1741. He spent the most of his life and all his means in comparatively unsuccessful experiments in printing engravings in colour, and in attempts to reproduce the cartoons of Raphael in tapestry.
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Jacques Louis David was a French historical painter. He was born in 1748 and died in 1825.
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Jacques Marquette was a French missionary. He was born in 1637 at Laon and died in 1675. He was one of the most noted of the pioneers of France in the New World. He entered the Jesuit order. In 1666 he emigrated to Canada. In the course of his missionary work among the Indians in the Great Lake region he made various explorations. He founded a mission at Sault Sainte Marie and one at Mackinaw. Jacques Marquette and Joliet, in 1673, made a long journey by canoes by way of the Illinois River to the Mississippi and down that stream to Arkansas; of this voyage Jacques Marquette left an account in his journal. The next year he built a log hut on the site of modern Chicago, and thence pushed on to Kaskaskia. While labouring among the Illinois Indians his health gave way, and he died on his return to the North.
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Jacques Necker was a French politician. He was born in 1732 and died in 1804. As finance minister from 1776 to 1781, he attempted reforms, and was dismissed through Queen Marie Antoinette's influence. Recalled in 1788, he persuaded Louis XVI to summon the States General (parliament), which earned him the hatred of the court, and in July 1789 he was banished. The outbreak of the French Revolution with the storming of the Bastille forced his reinstatement, but he resigned in September 1790.
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Jacques Normand was a French communist. He was born in 1809 and died in 1867. He went as an exile to the United States from France in 1848. He established the communistic colony of La Reunion in Texas in 1851, which was afterward expelled by the Government. He published numerous works on communism.
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Jacques Offenbach was a German composer. He was born in 1819 and died in 1880. He wrote the opera tales of Hoffmann.
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Jacques Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre was a French critic and novelist. He was born in 1737 at Havre and died in 1814. After spending three years as a government official at Mauritius, he returned to France in 1771, made the acquaintance of Rousseau and D'Alembert, and took up the profession of letters. His first volume was a description of his travels to Mauritius.
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Jacques Charles Francois Sturm was a French mathematician. He was born in 1803 at Geneva and died in 1855. At an early age he went to Paris to study mathematics and was made professor of mathematics at the College Rollin in 1830. In 1836 he became a member of the Academie des Sciences and in 1840 professor in the Ecole Polytechnique, and in 1840 was appointed to the chair of mechanics in the Faculte des Sciences, Paris. Jacques Sturm discovered the theory for the determination of the number of real roots of numerical equations between limits.
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Jacques Thibaud was a French violinist. He was born in 1880 and died in an air crash in 1953.
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Anne Robert Jacques Turgot was a French statesman. He was born in 1727 and died in 1781. Educated at the Sorbonne, in 1761 he became Intendant of Limoges, holding the office for thirteen years during which time he effected remarkable economic reforms in the district. In 1774 he was entrusted by Louis XVI with the financial administration of France, taking office as comptroller-general.
Called to the ministry when France was heading towards revolution, he made efforts to save the situation and avoid revolt instituting drastic economies which infuriated the classes who made their money out of the existing system. He secured the king's support to abolish the internal barriers to the freedom of trace in corn within the kingdom; sought to establish a system of local self-government and at the beginning of 1776 he attacked the corvee, the vested interests of the guilds, the salt tax, and the virtual exemption from taxation of the privileged classes. As a result he was attacked by the wealthy classes and in May 1776 he was dismissed and retired into private life.
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Jacques Villere was an American politician. He was a Jeffersonian Republican governor of Louisiana from 1816 until 1820.
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Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne was a French revolutionist. He was bom in 1756 at Rochelle and died in 1819. He bore a principal part in the murders and massacres which followed the destruction of the Bastille and voted immediate death to Louis XVI. He officiated as president of the Convention in October 1793. In 1795, on a reaction having taken place against the ultra party, he was arrested and banished to Cayenne.
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Jakob Georg Agardh was a German botanist. He was born in 1813 and died in 1901. The son of Karl Agardh, Jakob was also professor at Lund and published works on algae.
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Jakob Boehme was a German mystical writer. He was born in 1575 and died in 1624. He was apprenticed to a shoemaker in his fourteenth year, and ten years later he was settled at Gorlitz as a master-tradesman, and married to the daughter of a thriving butcher of the town. He was much persecuted by the religious authorities, and at his death the rites of the church were but grudgingly administered to him. Raised by contemplation above his circumstances, a strong sense of the spiritual, particularly of the mysterious, was constantly present with him, and he saw in all the workings of nature upon his mind a revelation of God, and even imagined himself favoured by divine inspirations. His first work appeared in 1616, and was called Aurora. It contains his revelations on God, man, and nature. Among his other works are De tribus Principiis, De Signatura Herum, Mysterium Magnum, etc. His writings all aim at religious edification, but his philosophy is very obscure and often fantastic. The first collection of his works was made in Holland in 1675 by Henry Betke; a more complete one in 1682 by Gichtel (published in ten volumes in Amsterdam). William Law published an English translation of them, in two volumes. A sect, taking their name from Jakob Boehme, was formed in England.
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Jakob Burckhardt was a Swiss historian of art and culture. He was born in 1818 at Basel and died in 1897. He was educated at the universities of Basel and Berlin. With the exception of three years from 1855 to 1858, during which he taught at the Zurich Polytechnic Institute, he spent the following half century from 1843 to 1893 as professor of the history of art and civilization at the University of Basel.
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Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm was a German philologist. He was born in 1785 and died in 1863.
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Jakob Ruysdael was a Dutch landscape painter. He was born in 1628 at Haarlem and died in 1682. He excelled in the delineation of wood and water.
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The Jakuns are an aboriginal people of the southern part of the Malay peninsular.
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James A Bayard was an American politician. He was born in 1767 at Philadelphia and died in 1815. A lawyer by trade, he represented Delaware in the House of Representatives from 1797 to 1803, and in the Senate from 1805 to 1813.
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James A Beaver was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1887 until 1891.
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James A Mount was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Indiana from 1897 until 1901.
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James A Noe was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana during 1936.
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James A Rhodes was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Ohio from 1963 until 1971.
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James A Weston was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Hampshire from 1871 until 1872.
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James Abercrombie was a British soldier. He was born in 1706 and died in 1781. During the French and Indian war of 1758 he was a major-general commander and failed disastrously in an attack on Ticonderoga in July 1758 in which he suffered 2000 casualties out of an army of 15000 and was subsequently replaced by Sir Jeffrey Amherst.
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James Abram Garfield was the 20th president of the USA, for four months during 1881, until he was assassinated by a former supporter, Guiteau, armed with a British-made Bulldog revolver. James Abram Garfield was born in 1831 at Orange, Cuyahoga County and died in 1881. After miscellaneous experiences, including work on a canal tow-path, he entered Hiram College in Ohio. From there he went to Williams College, and graduated in 1856. For a short time he taught the classics in Hiram College, and in 1857 became the president of that institution.
Two years later he entered the State Senate. In the opening year of the war he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of volunteers; having been entrusted with a small independent command he routed the Confederates at Middle Creek, Kentucky on January the 10th, 1862. He was made a brigadier-general, served at Shiloh, etc., and became chief of staff in Rosecrans' Army of the Cumberland. In this capacity he rendered important services, and was made major-general after Chickamauga. He had been already elected to Congress, and took his seat in December, 1863. From this time he served continuously and was one of the leading debaters and orators on the Republican side. He was member of important committees, like Military Affairs and Ways and Means, and was chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency and on Appropriations. General Garfield served on the electoral Commission of 1877 and was elected US Senator from Ohio in 1880. The same year he attended the National Convention, and on the thirty-sixth ballot received the nomination, through the influence of James Blaine.
Entering office on March the 4th, 1881, he chose James Blaine for the State Department, Windom for the Treasury, and R. T. Lincoln for War. He became almost immediately involved in the Republican factional quarrels of New York. His appointment of the 'Half-Breed' Robertson to the collectorship of New York caused the 'Stalwart' Senators, Conkling and Platt, to resign and demand a 'vindication'. In the midst of these proceedings President Garfield was shot at Washington on July the 2nd, by Guiteau, dying in September of the same year from the wound.
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James Adair was an American trader and writer. He was born in 1709 in Ireland and died in 1783. He lived for almost 40 years among the Indians, primarily the Chickasaw, in the region now constituting the south-eastern USA. His book The History of the American Indians in 1775, although it insists on the Jewish origin of the Indian race, is one of the best firsthand accounts of the habits and character of the Indian tribes of the region. The work contains an incomplete but valuable vocabulary of various Indian dialects.
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James Truslow Adams was an American historian. He was born in 1878 and died in 1949. His work 'The Founding of New England' written in 1921 was awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
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James Evershed Agate was a British writer. He was born in 1877 and died in 1947. He began work at nineteen in a cotton mill, leaving that in 1898 to spend sixteen years working in the Manchester cotton trade before turning to dramatic criticism with the Manchester Guardian and writing several books including his Ego series.
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James Agee was an American writer. He was born in 1909 and died in 1955. He wrote many varied works, including poetry, biographies, film reviews and the screenplay for the 1951 film The African Queen. His autobiographical novel 'A Death in the Family' published in 1957 won the Pulitzer Prize in 1958.
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James Anderson was a Scottish writer on political and rural economy. He was born in 1739 and diedin 1808. In 1790 he started the Bee, which ran to eighteen volumes and contained many useful papers on agricultural, economic and other topics.
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James Archer was a Scottish painter. He was born in 1822 and died in 1904. He is best known for his portraits, although he also painted several large subject paintings including 'The Worship of Dionysus' and 'St Agnes - a Christian Martyr'.
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James B A Robertson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Oklahoma from 1919 until 1923.
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James B Edwards was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of South Carolina from 1975 until 1979.
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James B Frazier was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Tennessee from 1903 until 1905.
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James B Grant was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Colorado from 1883 until 1885.
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James B Hunt Jr was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1977 until 1985.
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James B Longley was an American politician. He was a Independent governor of Maine from 1975 until 1979.
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James B McCreary was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kentucky from 1911 until 1915.
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James B Orman was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Colorado from 1901 until 1903.
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James B Ray was an American politician. He was a Independent governor of Indiana from 1825 until 1831.
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James B Richardson was an American politician. He was a Democratic- Republican governor of South Carolina from 1802 until 1804.
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Sir James Balfour was a Scottish lawyer and politician. He was born about 1522 and died in 1583. He took part in the conspiracy against Cardinal Beaton, and was condemned with Knox to the galleys; but after his release found it to his interest to change his opinions, and latterly he was appointed, through the favour of Queen Mary, Lord of Session and member of the privy-council. In 1567 he was appointed governor of Edinburgh Castle, but had no scruple in surrendering it to Murray, who made him president of the Court of Session. He was charged with a share in the murder of Darnley, and helped to bring Regent Morton to his death. The Practicks of Scots Law, attributed to him, was long a text-book.
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James Ballantyne was a Scottish printer. He was born in 1772 at Kelso and died in 1833. Successively a solicitor and a printer in his native town, at Sir Walter Scott's suggestion he removed to Edinburgh, where the high perfection to which he had brought the art of printing, and his connection with Sir Walter Scott, secured him a large trade. The printing firm of James Ballantyne and Co. included Walter Scott, James Ballantyne and his brother John Ballantyne (who died in 1821). For many years he conducted the Edinburgh Weekly Journal. His firm was involved in the bankruptcy of Constable and Co., by which Sir Walter Scott's fortunes were wrecked, but James Ballantyne was continued by the creditors' trustee in the literary management of the printing-house. He survived Sir Walter Scott only about four months.
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James Barbour was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Virginia from 1812 until 1814.
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James Barron was an American sailor. He was born in 1769 and died in 1851. He was a commodore in the US Navy and was in command of the 'Chesapeake' when it was attacked and captured by the 'Leopard' in 1807. James Barron was subsequently court-martialled and found guilty of negligence in preparation, and was suspended for five years. In 1820 he killed Commodore Decatur in a duel arising out of his court-martial.
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James Barry was an Irish painter and writer on art. He was born in 1741 at Cork 1741 and died in 1806. He studied abroad with the aid of Burke; was elected Royal Academician on his return; and worked seven years on the paintings for the hall of the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts. In 1773 he published his Inquiry into the Real and Imaginary Obstructions to the Increase of the Arts in England; and in 1782 was elected professor of painting to the Academy. He was expelled in 1797 on the ground of his authorship of the Letter to the Society of Dilettanti. His chief painting was his Victors at Olympia.
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James Beattie was a Scottish poet and miscellaneous writer. He was born in 1735 at Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire and died in 1803. He studied at Marischal College, Aberdeen, for four years, and received the MA degree. In 1753 he was appointed schoolmaster at Fordoun, a few miles from his native place; from whence he obtained a mastership in the Grammar School of Aberdeen, and ultimately was installed professor of moral philosophy and logic in Marischal College. In 1760 he published a volume of poems, which he subsequently endeavoured to buy up, considering them unworthy of him.
In 1765 he published a poem, the Judgment of Paris, and in 1770 his celebrated Essay on Truth, for which the University of Oxford conferred on him the degree of LLD; and George III honoured him, when on a visit to London, with a private conference and a pension. He next published in 1771 the first book of his poem the Minstrel, and in 1774 the second; this is the only work by which he is now remembered. In 1776 he published dissertations on Poetry and Music, Laughter and Ludicrous Composition, etc; in 1783 Dissertations, Moral and Critical; in 1786 Evidences of the Christian Religion; and in 1790-1793 Elements of Moral Science. His closing years were darkened by the death of his two sons.
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James Bell was a Scottish geographical writer. He was born in 1769 and died in 1833. His first literary work was on the Glasgow Geography, a popular work of the period, which was in 1822, chiefly by the labours of Mr. Bell, extended to five volumes. It formed the basis of his principal work, A System of Popular and Scientific Geography, published at Glasgow in six volumes. His Gazetteer of England and Wales was in the course of publication at the time of his death.
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James Gordon Bennett was an American journalist. He was born in 1795 at Banffshire, Scotland and died in 1872. He was educated at Aberdeen. He emigrated to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1819 as a teacher, and went thence to Boston as a proof-reader. In 1822 he went to New York, and, after being connected with various papers, started the New York Herald in 1835. By his enterprise and not very scrupulous conduct of the journal it speedily became an enormous success, its yearly profit at his death being estimated at from a half to three quarters of a million dollars. It was the first paper which published a daily money article and stock lists. The expedition of Stanley to Africa in 1871 in search of David Livingstone was projected and supported by Bennett, who, however, died in the following year.
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James Bernouilli was a German mathematician. He was born in 1654 at Bale 1654 and died in 1705. He became professor of mathematics at Bale in 1687. He applied the differential calculus to difficult questions of geometry and mechanics; calculated the loxodromic and catenary curve, the logarithmic spirals, the evolutes of several curved lines, and discovered the so-called numbers of Bernouilli.
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James Biddle was an American naval officer. He was born in 1783 and died in 1848. During the War of 1812 he commanded the 'Hornet' when it captured the 'Penguin' and in 1817 took possession of Oregon for the United States.
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James Gillespie Birney was an American politician. He was born in 1792 and died in 1857. A lawyer, he became devoted to the Abolitionist cause, and was editor of the 'Philanthropist'. He became secretary of the National Anti-Slavery Society, and when in 1840 and 1844 the Abolitionists, as the Liberal Party, stood in the elections he was their candidate for President.
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Sir James Black is a British scientist. He was born in 1924. He was awarded a Nobel prize for medicine in 1988 for his work on drugs which prevent heart attacks.
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James Black Groome was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1874 until 1876.
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James Gillespie Blaine was an American statesman. He was born in 1830 and died in 1893. He entered Washington College, Pennsylvania, at the age of thirteen, graduated in 1847, studied law, acted as a teacher, and then having gone to Augusta, Maine, was for several years newspaper editor. He was sent to Congress by Maine as a republican in 1862, and was repeatedly re-elected. Soon becoming prominent he was several times speaker of the House of Representatives. In 1876 he entered the Senate, and the same year he was second in his candidature for presidential nomination by the republican national convention; he was also unsuccessful in his candidature in 1880; but in 1884 he was nominated by a large majority, though the presidency went to Mr. Cleveland. In 1888 though again a candidate for nomination he was defeated. In 1884 appeared the first volume of his Twenty Years of Congress, a work which has had a very favourable reception. He was an advocate for protectionism as against free trade.
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James Blanchard was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Michigan from 1983 until 1991.
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James Bogardus was an American inventor. He was born in 1800 and died in 1874. Among his inventions were the 'ring-flyer' or 'ring-spinner' used in cotton manufacture, invented in 1828, the eccentric mill invented in 1829, an engraving machine invenred in 1831, and the first dry gas-meter invented in 1832. In 1839 he gained the reward offered for the best plan for carrying out the penny postage system by the use of stamps. In 1847 he built the first complete cast-iron structure in the world, and the first wrought-iron beams were made from his design. His delicate pyrometer and deep-sea sounding machine were valuable additions to scientific instruments.
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James Boswell was a Scottish biographer. He was born in 1740 at Edinburgh and died in 1795. The eldest son of Lord Auchinleck, one of the supreme judges of Scotland, he studied law at Edinburgh and Cambridge, became a member of the Scottish bar, but never devoted himself with earnestness to his profession and cantered his ambitions on literature and politics. In l763 he became acquainted with Samuel Johnson - a circumstance which he himself calls the most important event of his life. He afterwards visited Voltaire at Eerney, Rousseau at Neufchatel, and Paoli in Corsica, with whom he became intimate. In 1768, when Corsica attracted so much attention, he published his account of Corsica, with Memoirs of Paoli. He became a member of the Literary Club in 1773. In 1785 he settled at London, and was called to the English bar. He wrote a biography of Samuel Johnson 'The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.'
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James Bowdoin was an American statesman. He was born in 1727 at Boston and died in 1790. In 1785 he was appointed governor of Massachusetts, in which position he put down Shays' Rebellion.
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James Bradley was an English astronomer. He was born in 1692 at Sherborne, and died in 1762. He studied theology at Oxford, and took orders; but devoting himself to astronomy he was appointed, in 1721, professor of that science at Oxford. Six years afterwards he made known his discovery of the aberration of light, and his researches for many years were chiefly directed towards finding out methods for determining precisely that aberration. It is largely owing to Bradley's discoveries that astronomers have since been able to make up astronomical tables with the necessary accuracy. In 1741 he was made Astronomer Royal and removed to Greenwich.
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James Braid was a Scottish professional golfer. He was born in 1870 and died in 1950. He was the first man to win the Open championship five times and was a founder member of the Professional Golfers Association, whose match- play championship he won four times.
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James Brice was an American politician. He was a governor of Maryland during 1792.
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James Brindley was an English engineer and mechanic. He was born in 1716 at Thornsett, Derbyshire and died in 1772. He built the Bridgewater Canal in 1758 and the Grand Trunk Canal. *James Brown
James Brown is an American singer, songwriter, arranger, and dancer. He was born in 1933. While at the Alto Reform School (having been convicted of breaking into cars), he formed a gospel quartet which was discovered by the musician Little Richard, and James Brown developed into 'The Godfather of Soul'.
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Sir James Brooke the Bajah of Sarawak, was an English colonial governor. He was born in Bengal in 1803, and died in 1868. In 1838, having gone to Borneo, he assisted the Sultan of Brunei (the nominal ruler of the island) in suppressing a revolt. For his services he was made Rajah and Governor of Sarawak, a district on the north-west coast of the island, and being established in the government he endeavoured to induce the Dyak natives to abandon their irregular and piratical mode of life and to turn themselves to agriculture and commerce; and his efforts to introduce western values were successful. He was made a KCB in 1847, and was appointed Governor of Labuan. In 1863 he finally returned to England, leaving the government in the hands of his nephew, Charles Brooke.
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James Bruce was a Scottish explorer. He was born in 1730 at Kinnaird House, Stirlingshire and died in 1794 after falling down some stairs. He received his education at Harrow and at the University of Edinburgh, and entered the wine trade, but having inherited his father's estate in 1758 he soon gave up business. Erom 1763 to 1765 he held the consulship of Algiers, and in 1765 he visited successively Tunis, Tripoli, Rhodes, Cyprus, Syria, and several parts of Asia Minor, where he made drawings of the ruins of Palmyra, Baalbec, etc.
In 1768 he set out for Cairo, navigated the Nile to Syene, crossed the desert to the Red Sea, passed some months in Arabia Felix, and reached Gondar, the capital of Abyssinia, in 1770. In that country he ingratiated himself with the sovereign and other influential persons, and in the same year succeeded in reaching the sources of the Abai, then considered the main stream of the Nile. On his return to Gondar he found the country engaged in a civil war, and more than three years elapsed before he was able to return to Cairo.
After visiting France and Italy he returned to Scotland in 1774. His long-expected Travels did not appear until 1790, and were received with some incredulity, though succeeding travellers proved them in large part accurate.
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James Buchanan was the fifteenth president of the USA from 1857 to 1861. He was born in 1791 at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania and died in 1868. After graduating from Dickinson college, Carlisle, Pennsylvania he studied law at Lancaster for two years and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He served in the lower house of the state legislature from 1814 to 1816 and from 1821 to 1831 in the US congress. As the chairman of the judiciary committee he conducted the 1830 impeachment trial of Judge H Peck. An anti-slavery supporter, he put his own political ambitions before his moral views, and compromised with the Southern States over slavery so as to not lose their support in his bid for President.
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James Silk Buckingham was an English traveller, writer, and lecturer. He was born in 1786 near Falmouth and died in 1855. After trying several professions, and wandering over a great part of the world, he came to London, where he established the Athenaeum, well known as a literary journal. He also published his journal of travel in Palestine (1822), in Arabia (1825), in Mesopotamia (1827), and in Assyria and Media (1830). In 1832 he was chosen member of parliament for Sheffield, and retained his seat until 1837. Subsequently he made a tour of three years in America. In 1843 he became secretary to the British and Foreign Institute. He also published volumes on his Continental tours and an autobiography.
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James Donald Budge (Don Budge) is an American lawn tennis player. He was born in 1916 at Oakland, California. He was the first man to win all four major Grand Slam singles titles in one year. In 1938 he lost only one set during the entire Wimbledon tournament, and was the first player to win the Wimbledon's men's singles competition without losing a set since the abolition of the challenge round in 1922.
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James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, was a Scottish jurist. He was born in 1714 at Monboddo and died in 1799. After studying at Aberdeen he went to the University of Groningen, whence he returned in 1738, and commenced practice as an advocate at the Scottish bar. In 1767 he was made one of the lords of session. He distinguished himself by his writings as a metaphysician, having published a Dissertation on the Origin and Progress of Language (1771-76, three volumes), and Ancient Metaphysics (1778, etc, three volumes). His works contain a strange mixture of paradox and acute observation.
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James Butcher was an American politician. He was a governor of Maryland during 1809.
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James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, was an English statesman. He was born in 1610 at London in 1610 and died in 1688. He was a steady adherent of the royal cause, on the ruin of which he retired to France. At the Restoration he returned with the king, was created a duke, and appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland. After losing his office and the royal favour for some years, principally through the intrigues of Buckingham, he was again appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, and retained the post until the death of Charles, when he resigned, his principles not suiting the policy of James.
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James C Dobbin was an American politician. He was born in 1814 and died in 1857. He represented North Carolina in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1845 until 1847. He was Secretary of the Navy in Pierce's Cabinet from 1853 until 1857.
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James C Jones was an American politician. He was born in 1809 and died in 1859. He was a Whig governor of Tennessee from 1841 until 1845, and was a Whig Senator of the United States from 1851 to 1857.
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James Campbell was an American politician. He was born in 1813 and died in 1893. He was Attorney-General for Pennsylvania in 1852 and Postmaster-General in Piercers Cabinet from 1853 until 1857.
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James Carney was an American Air Force sergeant, who as a linguist and communications specialist served at Tempelhof airport in West Berlin. He spied for the German Democratic Republic under the code name 'Kid', informing the GDR of how the US communications system in Germany was able to pinpoint dozens of vulnerable Warsaw Pact targets within minutes of the outbreak of war. In 1984 he fled to the GDR after his lover died in mysterious circumstances, and in 1990, following a long period of depression and anxiety, he returned to the USA in the company of the CIA where he was sentenced to thirty-eight years in prison.
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James Christie was an English auctioneer. He was born in 1730 and died in 1803. His first sale took place in 1766. Christie's auction house is still internationally famous in London.
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James Clark was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Kentucky from 1836 until 1839.
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Sir James Clark Ross was an English admiral and Antarctic explorer. He was born in 1800 at London and died in 1862. He made five successful voyages to the Arctic regions with his uncle, Sir John Ross, and with Sir W E Parry. From 1829 to 1833 he was engaged in further voyages with his uncle, and in 1831, during one of them, reached the north magnetic pole. From 1839 to 1843 he commanded the expedition of the 'Erebus' and 'Terror' into the Antarctic seas, and reached latitude 78 degrees 10 minutes south. In 1847 he published 'Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Seas', and in 1848 to 1849 took command of the ' Enterprise' in one of the numerous searches for Sir John Franklin.
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James Clinton was an American soldier. He was born in 1736 at New York and died in 1812. During the French and Indian War he captured a French sloop-of-war on Lake Ontario. As colonel of a New York regiment he was with Montgomery at Quebec in 1775. As brigadier-general he commanded at Fort Clinton when it was taken by the British in 1777, and was present at Yorktown. He was a member of the New York convention that adopted the Federal Constitution.
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James Connolly was an Irish Socialist. He was born in 1870 and died in 1916. With James Larkin he directed the great Dublin strike in 1913 which resulted in the formation of the Citizen Army. Connolly joined Sinn Fein and was Commander-in-Chief in the Easter rising of 1916, where upon he was executed by the British.
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James Corbett (Gentleman Jim) was an American boxer. He was born in 1866 and died in 1933. He won the Heavyweight Championship of the World in 1892 beating J. L. Sullivan.
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James D Black was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kentucky during 1919.
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James D Porter was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Tennessee from 1875 until 1879.
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James D Williams was an American politician. He was bon in 1808 and died in 1880. He was almost continuously a member of the Indiana legislature from 1843 to 1874. He represented Indiana in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1875 to 1876, and was Governor of Indiana from 1876 to 1880. He was a member of the State Board of Agriculture for seventeen years, and its president four years. He greatly improved educational facilities.
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James Dwight Dana was an American academic., He was born in 1813 and was a professor of Yale University. He made extensive reports, geological and other, upon material collected in a United States expedition to the Southern and Pacific Oceans, and in 1850 became associate editor of the American Journal of Science and Art of which he later became editor.
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James De Bow was an American statistician. He was born in 1820 at South Carolina and died in 1867. A voluminous writer of magazine articles upon economics and finance, he was appointed Superintendent of the US Census from 1853 to 1855.
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James Delancey was an American politician. He was born in 1703at New York and died in 1760. He was a member of the council of the province from 1729, Chief Justice from 1733, Lieutenant-Governor from 1753, acted as Governor from 1753 until 1755 and from 1757 until 1760. He presided over the Albany Convention of 1754.
James Delancey was an American soldier and agitator. He was born in 1732 and died in 1800. He served in the French and Indian War, and took a prominent part in the Assembly before the American War of Independence, but on its outbreak retired to England, and died there. His estates were confiscated.
James Delancey was an American soldier. He was bown in 1750 and died in 1809. During the American War of Independence he was noted as a bold and successful commander of the Tory light-horse, known as 'Cowboys'. After the war, his estates having been confiscated, he retired to Nova Scotia.
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James Destri played keyboards with the 70's punk rock band Blondie.
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Sir James Dewar was a British chemist and physicist. He was born in 1842 and died in 1923. Together with Frederick Abel he had a part in the invention of cordite but he is chiefly remembered for his work with the liquefaction of gasses and researches on the electrical and other properties of matter at low temperatures. In 1898 he liquefied hydrogen. He became president of the British Association in 1902 and was knighted in 1914.
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James Duane was an American statesman and jurist. He was born in 1733 and died in 1797. He was first prominent as a New York advocate for the New Hampshire land grants, was a member of the first Continental Congress, where he championed the British navigation acts and a colonial union subordinate to Parliament. In 1776 he opposed the Declaration of Independence as hasty. He was a member of the New York Provincial Congress from 1775 to 1777 and one of the committee to draft the State Constitution. He was a member of the convention that adopted the Federal Constitution in 1788, and from 1789 to 1794 was District Judge for New York.
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James Matthews Duncan was a Scottish gynaecologist. He was born in 1826 at Aberdeen and died in 1890. He was a co-discoverer of the anaesthetic property of chloroform.
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James E Boyd was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Nebraska from 1892 until 1893.
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James E Broome was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Florida from 1853 until 1857.
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James E Campbell was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Ohio from 1890 until 1892.
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James E Ferguson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Texas from 1915 until 1917.
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James E Fielder was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Jersey during 1913.
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James E Folsom was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1947 until 1951.
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James E Holshouser Jr was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of North Carolina from 1973 until 1977.
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James B Eads was an American civil engineer. He was born in 1820 and died in 1887. He is noted for his engineering achievements which included the construction of the St Louis bridge with a central span of 520 feet (158 meters).
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James Esdaile was a Scottish surgeon and hypnotist. He was born in 1808 at Montrose and died in 1859. He conducted experiments into the use of hypnosis to alleviate pain, and was entrusted with a small hospital in Calcutta to allow him to conduct further experiments in 1846. He achieved some success, which was documented in the Bombay Medical Times of June 7th 1851 and in British government Reports of 1847 and 1848.
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James F Byrnes was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina fr | 
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