Louis Bonaparte was the second younger brother of the Emperor Napoleon I, and the father of Napoleon III. He was born in 1778 at Corsica and died in 1846. He was educated in the artillery school at Chalons, accompanied Napoleon I to Italy and Egypt, and subsequently rose to the rank of a brigadier-general. In 1802 he married Hortense Beauharnais, Josephine's daughter, and in 1806 was compelled by his brother to accept, very reluctantly, the Dutch crown. He exerted himself in promoting the welfare of his new subjects, and resisted as far as in him lay the tyrannical interference and arbitrary procedure of France; but disagreeing with his brother in regard to some measures of the latter, he abdicated in 1810 and retired to Gratz under the title of the Count of St Leu. He was the author of several works which show considerable literary ability. Research Louis Bonaparte
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