The Probert Encyclopaedia of People

NICHOLAS II

Nicholas II was the last Czar of Russia from 1894 to 1917. He was born in 1868 and died in 1918. He was a great-grandson of Nicholas I. In 1894 he formalised an alliance with France, but his Far Eastern ambitions led to disaster with the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 to 1905 which played an important part in causing the Revolution of 1905. Although he won support for taking Russia into the Great War against Germany in 1914, mismanagement of the war and governmental chaos at home led to his abdication in 1917 and the Russian Revolution. Imprisoned, he was murdered in 1918 by Bolsheviks who feared a counter-revolution.
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