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Philip II known as Philip Augustus, was a king of France. He was born in 1165 and died in 1223. He gained the throne in 1180 and followed a policy of consolidation, checking the great nobles and adding territory to his kingdom. In 1185 after a war with the Count of Flanders, Philip II secured Vermandois, and in order to weaken the power of Henry II of England, he intrigued with his rebellious sons. During the reign of Richard I of England Philip II continued his intrigues with a view to weakening English power in France so that he might secure Normandy.
In 1204 he conquered Normandy, followed by Anjou, Toraine and Poitou, exploiting the weakness and unpopularity of England's king John. By the time of his death Philip II had built France into one of the great states of Europe and firmly established the power of the crown in France.
Philip II was a king of Spain. He was born in 1527 at Valladolid and died in 1598. In 1554 he married Mary Tudor and tried in vain to urge her to a policy of religious moderation.
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