The Probert Encyclopaedia of Warfare

ROLAND

The Nord Bolkow Roland is a French/German surface-to-air guided missile developed during the 1960s and first issued to the French Army in 1977 and the German army in 1981. Roland was developed to offer protection against low-flying aircraft and helicopters flying at speeds of up to Mach 1.3. Roland carries a 6.5 kg multiple shaped charge warhead and has a range of 6.2 km and a cruising speed of about Mach 2.
Research Roland