The Probert Encyclopaedia of Recreation

GYMNASTICS

Gymnastics is the technical term used to designate any system of exercises specially designed to promote the development of physical, and especially of muscular powers. An excellent gymnastic training is given by cricket, football, rowing, and similar amusements, but the special value of formal gymnastic exercises is that they are capable of being scientifically arranged so as to secure not only a general development of muscular power, but also an accurate knowledge of the uses of the various muscles, and further that they are capable of being applied to each individual case. so as to meet, allow for, and as far as possible overcome defects in physical organization. For these purposes an elementary course of gymnastics is of great value to all, especially to the sedentary student.

With regard to gymnastic exercises two general rules may be laid down, which will form an efficient guide in self-imposed exercises. The first is the universal rule in mechanics that the strength of any machine is the strength of its weakest part; the second is the fundamental law of muscular exercise, that it is exercise within the extreme power of the muscle which develops and improves, while straining weakens and injures, and excessive exercise develops particular muscles abnormally at the expense of the general health. Places fitted up with special appliances for gymnastics are called gymnasiums, the appliances being such as horizontal and parallel bars, trapezes, vaulting-horses, ladders, climbing-poles and ropes, etc. Various apparatus are also made for being readily fitted up in private houses. Gymnastics have formed a regular portion of the training of soldiers in Britain for many years.
Research Gymnastics