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The yak (Bos grunniens) is a wild ox found in Tibet and surrounding areas of central Asia. It is notable for the heavy fringe of long hair which occurs at the sides of the body.
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The yam is a family (Dioscoreaceae) of around 150 varieties of tropical plant, the tuba of which is eaten as a vegetable.
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Yarr (Spergula arvensis) is a white wild flower common in British pastures.
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Yarrow is a perennial herb with a creeping rhizome and erect, furrowed and downy stems. Yarrow flowers between June and August, and is common throughout Europe and Asia.
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A yearling is a one-year old animal. The term is generally applied to sheep, calves and foals.
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Budding yeasts are true fungi of the phylum Ascomycetes, class Hemiascomycetes. The true yeasts comprise the family Saccharomycetes, which has but one genus Saccharomyces, but includes at least ten species. The classification of yeasts is a specialized field using cell, ascospore, and colony characteristics for distinguishing genera, and physiological characteristics - particularly the ability to ferment individual sugars - to identify species. Yeasts are heterotrophic, lack chlorophyll, and are characterized by a wide dispersion of natural habitats. Common on plant leaves and flowers, yeasts are also found on the skin surfaces and in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, where they may live symbiotically or as parasites. In women, who are pregnant or taking antibiotics, an infection of the vagina and vulva caused by a yeast like fungus Candida albicans, is common. Yeasts are also found in soil and saltwater, where they contribute to the decomposition of plant and algal matter.
Yeasts multiply as single cells that divide by budding or direct division, or they may grow as simple irregular filaments. In sexual reproduction most yeasts form asci, which contain up to eight haploid ascospores. These ascospores may fuse with adjoining nuclei and multiply through vegetative division or, as with certain yeasts, fuse with other ascospores. The most well-known and commercially significant yeasts are the related species and strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These organisms have long been utilized to ferment the sugars of rice, wheat, barley, and corn to produce alcoholic beverages and in the baking industry to expand, or raise, dough. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly used as baker's yeast and for some types of fermentation. Yeast is often taken as a vitamin supplement because it is 50 percent protein and is a rich source of B vitamins, niacin, and folic acid. The yeast's function in baking is to ferment sugars present in the flour or added to the dough. This fermentation gives off carbon dioxide and ethanol. The carbon dioxide is trapped within tiny bubbles and results in the dough expanding, or rising.
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The yellow bed-straw (Galium verum) is a British plant which may be recognised by its whorls of thread-like leaves and its panicles of small yellow flowers in late summer.
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The yellow hammer or yellow bunting (Emberiza citrinella) is a British and north European species of bunting. The birds are about sixteen centimetres long, the general colouring mottled brown above and yellow below, the head being yellow, streaked with brown, and the rump and tail coverts chestnut. The food is chiefly insects and fruits, especially blackberries in autumn. The nest is placed usually upon the ground and contains four or five eggs.
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The Yellow Horned (Achyla flavicornis) is a moth of the family Thyatiridae with a wing pan of between 35 and 40 mm found in northern and temperate Europe east to Siberia flying from March to May or June.
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The Yellow Shell (Camptogramma bilineata) is a moth of the family Geometridae with a wing span of between 20 and 25 mm found in Europe, Asia and North America flying from May to August.
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The Yellow Slug (Limax flavus) is a large, yellowish, British slug with a marbled and mottled brown colouration.
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Yellow water lily (Nuphar lutea) or brandy bottle, is a perennial aquatic herb of the family Nymphaeaceae, with a stout creeping rhizome bearing long- stalked, broadly ovate to cordate, tough, ; leathery leaves that float on the water's surface. The flowers are large, yellow and have a smell of alcohol and grow on long stalks above the water. The fruit is a fleshy, flask-shaped (or brandy bottle shaped) capsule which has air bladders in its tissues so that it stays afloat for a while.
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The yellow wood (Cladrastis tinctoria) is an American tree of the family Leguminosae. It is a tall-growing tree, with a smooth bark and yellow wood. In summer it bears loose, drooping panicles of long, fragrant white flowers. A dye is prepared from the wood.
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The yellow-bellied sea snake (Pelamis platrus) is a venomous marine snake of the family Elapidae found in tropical and sub-tropical warm oceans from eastern Africa, Madagascar, Arabia and India throughout coastal south-eastern Asia, Indonesia, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific islands and the west coast of the USA, making it the most widely distributed sea snake. The yellow-bellied sea snake has a dark back of black, olive, or olive-brown colour and a yellow belly and a unique, oar-like tail which is flattened from side to side and grows to a length of about 115 centimetres. The yellow-bellied sea snake feeds on fish, ambushing them by floating among debris floating on the sea and waiting for fish to come to feed upon the debris.
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The Yellow-legged Clearwing (Synanthedon vespiformis) is a moth of the clearwing family (Sesiidae) with a wing span of between 18 and 20 mm found in Europe and Asia Minor in deciduous forests flying from May to July.
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The Yellow-tail (Euproctis similis) is a moth of the family Lymantriidae seen flying from June to September.
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The yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) is a carangid game fish of coastal waters of southern California and Mexico, so named on account of its yellow tail fin.
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The yew (Taxus) is a genus of evergreen trees of the family taxaceae. The Yew has an irregular and twisted trunk that bears a purplish-brown bark. The wood is tough and resilient, helping to resist rotting. Its needles, which are flat and flexible, are dark green on top and light green underneath. They also arch downward and have two white bands on the bottom side of their needles. It was sacred to the ancient pagan religion of Britain.
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Yoke is the collective noun for a group of oxen.
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The Yokohama is a breed of chicken.
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The York Imperial is a species of apple tree bearing a medium to large fruit with firm flesh that's tartly sweet. The fruit of York Imperial has a skin that is red with yellowish streaks and the flesh is off-white. It's an excellent cooking apple and is a favourite for baked apples because it keeps its shape during cooking.
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Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) is a tufted, downy, perennial British meadow grass of the soft grass (Holcus) genus. It has leafy stems and flay, soft leaves. The flower panicle is somewhat open and the spikelets two-flowered.
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The Yorkshire Leicester or Wensleydale is a breed of British sheep. It is a large, hornless animal with open lustrous wool and bluish skin on the face and ears.
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The Yorshire Terrier is a breed of small companion dog formerly known as the Scottish broken-haired terrier. It varies in weight from six to twenty-eight kilograms. The head is moderately long and wedge-shaped. The body is short and compact and covered with an abundance of long straight hair.
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Yponomeutidae is the ermine moths family of insects of the order Lepidoptera.
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The yucca (Adam's Needle) is a genus of American plants of the family Liliaceae. They bear many-flowered panicles of large showy flowers, and usually thick lanceolate leaves, clustered at the summit of the woody caudex.
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