|
Ghaffir is the name for an Egyptian policeman, guard or watchman.
 Research Ghaffir
The Ghilzai are a Pathan tribe of south-east and north-west Afghanistan. They are a stalwart race of shepherds and farmers. In the retreat from Kabul in 1842 they hovered on the flanks of the British force and almost completed its annihilation.
Research Ghilzai
Giacomo Antonelli was an Italian cardinal. He was born in 1806 and died in 1876. He was educated at the Grand Seminary of Rome, where he attracted the attention of Pope Gregory XVI, who appointed him to several important offices. On the accession of Pius IX in 1846 Giacomo Antonelli was raised to the dignity of cardinal-deacon ; two years later he became president and minister of foreign affairs, and in 1850 was appointed secretary of state. During the sitting of the Ecumenical Council of 1869 - 1870 he was a prominent champion of the papal interest. He strongly opposed the assumption of the united Italian crown by Victor Emanuel.
Research Giacomo Antonelli
Giacomo Carissimi was an Italian composer. He was born in 1604 at Marino and died in 1674. In 1620 he was appointed conductor of the choir at Assisi, and in 1628 moved to Rome where he had a similar appointment at St Apollinaris.
Research Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Meyerbeer (real name Jakob Liebmann Beer) was a German composer. He was born in 1791 and died in 1864. When only nine years of age he was considered one of the best pianists in Berlin. He composed a number of operas.
Research Giacomo Meyerbeer
Giacomo Puccini was an Italian opera composer. He was born in 1858 at Lucca and died in 1924. He studied under local teachers and in 1877 produced a cantata, 'Juno'. He worked at Milan conservatoire from 1880 until 1883 and in 1884 his one-act opera 'Le Villi' was produced at Milan, followed by Edgar in 1889. His first great success was with 'Manon Lescaut', staged at Turin in 1893, and its triumph was outdone by that of 'La Boheme', founded upon Murger's novel, in 1896. In addition he wrote 'La Tosca' in 1900, 'Madame Butterfly' in 1904, 'The Girl of the Golden West' in 1910, 'La Rondine' in 1917 and others.
Research Giacomo Puccini
Giambattista Donati was an Italian astronomer. He was born in 1826 at Pisa and died in 1873. He began his career in the Florence observatory making a study of the spectra of the stars, and in 1858 he discovered a comet now named after him (Donati's Comet).
Research Giambattista Donati
Giambattista Moroni was an Italian portrait painter. He was bon in 1525 near Bergamo and died in 1578. In his youth he studied under Moretto, and his early manner shows this influence in reddish flesh tints.
Research Giambattista Moroni
Gian Giorgio Trissino was an Italian poet. He was born in 1478 at Vicenza and died in 1550.
Research Gian Trissino
Cardinal Giclio Alberoni was an Italian churchman. He was born in 1664 at north Italy and died in 1752. He was educated for the church and sent by the Duke of Parma as his minister to Madrid, where he gained the affection of Philip V. He rose by cunning and intrigue to the station of primeminister, became a cardinal, was all-powerful in Spain after the year 1715, and endeavoured to restore it to its ancient splendour. In pursuance of this object he invaded Sardinia and Sicily, and indeed entertained the idea of stirring up a general war in Europe. The alliance of France and England, however, rendered his schemes abortive, and led to his dismissal and exile in 1720. He wandered about a long time under false names, but on the accession of Pope Innocent XIII. he was restored to all the rights and honours of a cardinal.
Research Giclio Alberoni
Gideon Granger was an American politician. He was born in 1767 and died in 1822. He served in the Connecticut Legislature, and was one of the originators of the school fund. He was Postmaster-General of the United States from 1801 to 1814 in the Cabinets of Jefferson and Madison, and was a member of the New York Senate from 1819 to 1821 where he advocated an extensive system of internal improvements.
Research Gideon Granger
Gideon J Pillow was an American soldier. He was born in 1806 and died in 1878. He commanded the right wing of the American army at Cerro Gordo and led a division at Churubusco, Molino del Rey and Chapultepec. In 1861 he was appointed brigadier-general in the provisional Confederate army. He commanded under General Polk at Belmont. When the command devolved upon him at Fort Donelson, he gave it over to General Buckner and escaped.
Research Gideon Pillow
Gifford Pinchot was an American forestry expert and politician. He was born in 1865 at Simsbury, Connecticut and died in 1946. After graduating from Yale he studied forestry in Europe and in 1893 became a consulting forester. Entering government service he was chief of the forestry department from 1898 until his dismissal in 1910 by president Taft for insubordination in having criticised a presidential decision which had gone against his department. Later he founded the School of Forestry at Yale before becoming a politician and being Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1931 until 1935.
Research Gifford Pinchot
Gil Gonzalez D'Avila was a Spanish antiquary and biographer. He was born in 1577 and died in 1658. He made historiographer of Castile in 1612, and of the Indies in 1641. His most valuable works were Teatro de las Grandezas de Madrid, 1623, and Teatro Ecclesiastico, 1645-53.
Research Gil D'Avila
Gilbert Abbott a Beckett was an English humorist and playwright. He was born in 1811 and died in 1856. He was a member of the original staff of Punch from 1841; he wrote the Comic History of England in 1848, and the Comic History of Rome in 1852.
Research Gilbert A Beckett
Sir Gilbert Blane was a Scottish physician. He was born in 1749 in Ayrshire and died in 1834. He was private physician to Admiral Rodney, and then physician to the fleet in the West Indies, in which position he introduced the use of lime-juice and other means of preventing scurvy among sailors. He wrote 'Elements of Medical Logic'.
Research Gilbert Blane
Gilbert C Walker was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Virginia from 1869 until 1874.
Research Gilbert C Walker
Gilbert Keith Chesterton was an English author of essays, verse and novels. He was born in 1874 and died in 1936.
Research Gilbert Chesterton
Gilbert Charles Stuart was an American portrait painter. He was born in 1755 at Narragansett, Rhode Island and died in 1828. He studied under Benjamin West in London, and painted portraits of many distinguished Europeans before returning to America in 1793 where he went on to paint George Washington, John Adams and Jefferson.
Research Gilbert Stuart
Gilbert-Jospeh Adam was a French mineralogist. He was born in 1795 and died in 1881. He discovered the mineral adamite at Chanarcillo, Chile.
Research Gilbert-Jospeh Adam
Gildas was the first British historian. He was born in 516 and died in 570. He wrote De Excidio Britanniae, one of the few sources of information concerning 5th century Britain.
Research Gildas
Gioacchino Antonio Rossini was an Italian operatic composer. He was born in 1792 and died in 1868.
Research Gioacchino Rossini
Giordano Bruno was an Italian philosopher. He was born in 1548 at Nola and died in 1600 when he was burned for apostasy, heresy and violation of his monastic vows.
Research Giordano Bruno
Giorgio Vasari was an Italian art historian, architect and painter. He was born in 1511 and died in 1574. He studied under Michelangelo and Andrea del Sarto. His paintings won him contemporary fame and he had brilliant gifts as an architect, but he is chiefly remembered for his book which is the basis of Italian art history.
Research Giorgio Vasari
Giorgione was a Venetian painter. He was born in 1478 and died in 1510.
Research Giorgione
Giorgiy Malenkov was a Soviet statesman. He was born in 1902 and died in 1988. He was the Soviet premier from 1953 to 1955. He joined the Communist Party in 1920 and was involved in the collectivisation of agriculture and the purges of the 1930s under Stalin. He became a member of the Politburo and deputy premier in 1946, succeeding Stalin as Party first secretary and premier in 1953. In 1955 he resigned as premier, admitting responsibility for the failure of the Soviet agricultural policy, and in 1957 was sent to Kazakhstan as the manager of a hydroelectric plant.
Research Giorgiy Malenkov
Giotto de Bondone was an Italian painter and architect. He was born in 1267 and died in 1337.
Research Giotto de Bondone
Giovanni Lorenzo was an Italian sculptor. He was born in 1598 at Naples, Italy and died in 1680. He created the baroque style of sculpture.
Research Giovanni Bernini
Giovanni Ventura Borghese was an Italian painter. He was born in 1640 and died in 1708. He was a pupil of Pietro da Cortona and imitated his rapid, sunny, superficial style, assisted him at Rome and afterwards completed his unfinished work.
Research Giovanni Borghese
Giovanni Della Casa was an Italian writer. He was born in 1503 in the Mugello valley and died in 1556. Pope Paul III made him archbishop of Benevento and nuncio at Venice in 1544, where he distinguished himself as a violent opponent of the Protestants; and appointed him secretary of state, a post he held until his death.
Research Giovanni Casa
Giovanni Bendetto Castiglione was an Italian artist. He was born in 1616 and died in 1670. He painted scenes and landscapes.
Research Giovanni Castiglione
Giovanni Cimabue was a Florentine painter and mosaic artist. He was born in 1240 and died in 1302.
Research Giovanni Cimabue
Giovanni de Medici was an Italian entrepreneur and banker. he was born in 1360 and died in 1429. He had political influence in Florence as a supporter of the popular party. He was the father of Cosimo de Medici.
Research Giovanni de Medici
Giovanni de Verrazano was a Florentine navigator. He was born in 1470 and died in 1537. He is said to have visited the north coast of North America in 1508. He engaged in plundering Spanish and Portuguese commerce, and became famous as a pirate. In 1522 he captured a treasure-ship sent from Mexico by Cortes. In 1524 he explored the coast of North America from 30 degrees to 50 degrees, and took possession for the king.
Research Giovanni de Verrazano
Giovanni Lanfranco was an Italian painter. He was born in 1581 at Parma and died in 1647. He studied under Annibale Carracci at Rome, where he assisted his master in the decoration of the Farnese Gallery and the church of Saint Giacomo.
Research Giovanni Lanfranco
Giovanni Paisiello was an Italian composer. He was born in 1741 at Taranto and died in 1816. He wrote nearly a hundred operas and a greater number of masses and cantatas.
Research Giovanni Paisiello
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian composer. He was born in 1524 and died in 1594. His works include Marcellus Mass.
Research Giovanni Palestrina
Giovanni Battista Piranesi was an Italian architect. He was born in 1720 in Venice and died in 1778.
Research Giovanni Piranesi
Giovanni Battista de Rossi was an Italian painter and sculptor. He was born in 1494 at Florence and died in 1541. He was commissioned by Francis I of France to undertake the decorations of Fontainebleau Castle in 1530. Among his frescoes are mythological scenes, and other scenes drawn from the life of St Francis.
Research Giovanni Rossi
Giovanni Segantini was an Italian painter. He was born in 1858 at Arco in the Tyrol and died in 1899.
Research Giovanni Segantini
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo was a Venetian painter. He was born in 1692 at Venice and died in 1769. He studied under Gregorio Lazzarini, but his work shows signs of more influence by Titian and Veronese. He began his career in Venice, where the bulk of his frescoes and oil paintings, executed for churches and palaces, are preserved. He is famous for the frescoes he painted, including his Antony and Cleopatra series in the Palazzo Labia. From 1750 until 1753 he was at Wurzburg, employed with his sons on the decoration of the archbishop's palace. He also worked at Bergamo and at Madrid, where he died.
Research Giovanni Tiepolo
Girolamo Savonarola was an Italian religious reformer. He was born in 1452 at Ferrara and died in 1498 when he was hanged for criticising Pope Alexander VI. Amid the degradation and corruption of his time, he was the representative of pure Christianity, and an enlightened precursor of the reformation. As a child his parents wanted him to become a physician, but, sickened by the depravities of the court of D'Estes he secretly left home and entered the monastery of St Dominic at Bologna. In 1481 he was sent to preach at Ferrara, but was recalled in the same year and then sent to Florence where he entered the monastery of St Mark. Realising corruption and a lack of morality, he preached widely, denouncing corruption with a mystical and apocalyptic air, spreading alarm on all sides, which eventually lead to his execution.
Research Girolamo Savonarola
Girolamo Tiraboschi was an Italian literary historian. He was born in 1731 at Bergamo and died in 1794. After being professor of rhetoric at Milan he was appointed librarian to the duke of Modena in 1770. His main work is a standard history of Italian literature down to the beginning of the 18th century.
Research Girolamo Tiraboschi
Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian patriot and liberator. He was born in 1807 and died in 1882.
Research Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian republican patriot and revolutionary. He was born in 1805 at Genoa and died in 1872.
Research Giuseppe Mazzini
Giuseppe Gaspardo Mezzofanti was an Italian cardinal and linguist. He was born in 1774 at Bologna and died in 1849. The son of a carpenter he was ordained a priest in 1797 and appointed professor of Arabic at Bologna, but refused the oath to the Cisalpine Republic. He became professor of oriental languages in 1803 and librarian of Bologna University in 1815 and keeper of the Vatican library in 1833 and a cardinal in 1838. Giuseppe Mezzofanti was acquainted with 114 languages and spoke over fifty languages fluently, composed verses in many languages and had a sound knowledge of the chief literature.
Research Giuseppe Mezzofanti
Giuseppe Piazzi was an Italian astronomer. He was born in 1746 at Ponte and died in 1826. On January the 1st 1801 he discovered a new planet which he named Ceres.
Research Giuseppe Piazzi
Giuseppe Tartini was an Italian violinist and composer. He was born in 1692 at Pirano, near Trieste and died in 1770. He took up music as a profession in 1721 when he settled in Padua and soon acquired a reputation as a performer and a teacher and did much to develop the art of violin playing. He composed many pieces, including 'Il Trillo del Diavolo'.
Research Giuseppe Tartini
Giuseppe Verdi was an Italian composer. He was born in 1813 and died in 1901. He is famed for his operas, and achieved great success with Rigoletto in 1851, Il Trovatore in 1853, and La Traviata in 1855. He also wrote Othello in 1887 and Falstaff in 1893.
Research Giuseppe Verdi
A gladiator was a Roman professional fighter. The first known instance of
gladiators being exhibited was in 264 BC by Marcus and Decimus Brutus at the funeral of their father.
Research Gladiator
Glappa was king of Bernicia in 567.
Research Glappa
A glazier is a person who fits windows and doors with glass.
Research Glazier
Alton Glenn Miller was an American composer and band leader. He was born in 1904 and died in 1944. His dance band became one of the most popular in the world.
Research Glenn Miller
Glenni W Scofield was an American politician. He was born in 1817 and died in 1891. He represented Pennsylvania in the US Congress as a Republican from 1863 to 1875. He was Register of the US Treasury from 1878 to 1881, and a Justice of the US Court of Claims from 1881 to 1891.
Research Glenni Scofield
A glover is someone who makes or sells gloves.
Research Glover
Sir Godfrey Kneller (real name Gottfried Kniller) was an Anglo-German artist. He was born in 1646 at Lubeck and died in 1723. He studied in Amsterdam under Ferdinand Bol and received some lessons from Rembrandt. He settled in England in 1674 following the death of his father.
Research Godfrey Kneller
Godlove S Orth was an American politician. He was born in 1817 and died in 1882. He was a member of the Indiana Senate from 1842 to 1848. He was prominent in the Peace Conference of 1861. He represented Indiana in the US Congress as a Republican from 1863 to 1871 and from 1873 to 1875. He was active in securing the recognition of the right of expatriation by European governments. He framed the 'Ort bill', which reorganized the diplomatic and consular system. He was Minister to Austria from 1875 to 1877, and again a Congressman from 1879 to 1882.
Research Godlove S Orth
Goillaume Dubois was a French cardinal. He was born in 1656 at Brives-la-Gaillarde and died in 1723. When he was only thirteen he took the tonsure, being known as the 'Little Abbe.' In 1687 he was chosen tutor of the young Duke of Chartres. In 1701 Chartres, then Duke of Orleans, made him his secretary, and when he became regent of France in 1715 made him his chief minister. From 1715 to his death in 1723 Dubois was one of the most prominent statesmen in Europe. As the best means of thwarting the schemes of Philip V of Spain and his supporters in France in 1716, Dubois, on November the 28th, signed a defensive alliance between France and England. Accepted by Holland on January the 4th 1717, this was known as the Triple Alliance. Dubois then supported England in opposing the Spanish attempt to conquer Sardinia and Sicily, and in demanding the dismissal of Giclio Alberoni, which he effected, after a short war with Spain, in December 1720. Dubois lacked principle, and was shamelessly careless of the true interests of France.
Research Goillaume Dubois
The Golden Horde were originally a powerful Mongol tribe, the name however became applied to all followers of Genghis Khan and of his grandson, Batu.
Research Golden Horde
Goldwin Smith was an English publicist and historian. He was born in 1823 at Reading and died in 1910. Educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford, he won several university prizes and became a fellow of University College in 1847, and though called to the bar in the same year never practised. He was closely identified with the reform of university education at Oxford, and became regius professor of history there in 1858. resigning in 1866, in 1868 he was appointed professor of English and constitutional history at Cornell , USA and in 1871 he settled in Toronto where he married a wealthy Canadian and lived the rest of his life. A renowned reformer, Goldwin Smith spent his whole life engaged in combating clericalism, militarism and imperialism and advocated independence for Canada and subsequently amalgamation with the USA.
Research Goldwin Smith
Goliards were a class of educated jesters who specialised in the writing of satirical Latin verse during the 12th and 13th centuries and were to be found in Britain, France and Germany.
Research Goliard
A gombeen man is a money lender, a usurer, a tallyman.
Research Gombeen Man
The Gonds are the aboriginal, non-Aryan, Dravidian inhabitants of the old territorial division of India called Gondwana. They lost their independence in 1781 to the Mahrattas.
Research Gonds
Gonfalonier or Standard Bearer of Justice, was a subordinate office in Florence instituted in 1292. It became paramount in the 15th century and was suppressed in 1532 when the constitution was changed.
Research Gonfalonier
Maitre Gonin was a famous French clown of the 16th century.
Research Gonin
Goodwin J Knight was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of California from 1953 until 1959.
Research Goodwin J. Knight
Gordon Allport was an American psychologist. He was born in 1897 and died in 1967. He developed a theory of personality that emphasised individual uniqueness, and was the editor of the 'Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology' from 1937 to 1949. He wrote 'Personality' in 1937 and 'The Nature of Prejudice' in 1954.
Research Gordon Allport
Gordon Banks is an English Association Football player. He was born in 1937. He played Association Football as a goal keeper for Chesterfield from 1958 to 1959, Leicester City from 1959 to 1967, Stoke City from 1967, being made captain in 1970 and retiring in 1972 following eye injuries sustained in a car accident, and for England, first playing for England in a full international in 1963 against Scotland at Wembley.
Research Gordon Banks
James Gordon Bennett was an American publisher. He was born in 1841 and died in 1918. He is the Gordon Bennett named in the expression 'Gordon Bennett', indicating surprise, incredulity or exasperation.
Research Gordon Bennett
Gordon Browning was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Tennessee from 1937 until 1939.
Research Gordon Browning
Gordon Granger was an American soldier. He was born in 1821 and died in 1876. He was active in the Mexican War at Vera Cruz, Chapultepec and city of Mexico, fought on the Federal side during the American Civil War at Island No 10, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge and Mobile, and was
brevetted major-general.
Research Gordon Granger
Gordon Persons was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1951 until 1955.
Research Gordon Persons
Arthur Goring Thomas was a British composer. He was born in1850 near Eastbourne and died in 1892. He studied music in Paris under Durand between 1874 and 1876, and under Sullivan and Prout at the Royal Academy of Music, between 1877 and 1880. His operas include Esmeralda, produced at Covent Garden in 1883; Nadeshda produced in 1885; and the comic opera. The Golden Web, posthumously produced in 1893. His choral ode, The Sun Worshippers, was first performed in 1881, and his lyric gift was well displayed in a number of successful songs. Thomas suffered from melancholia, and committed suicide by throwing himself in front of a train in London on March the 20th 1892. A scholarship bearing his name was founded at the Royal Academy of Music in 1892.
Research Goring Thomas
Gormo The Old was queen of Denmark in 883 and reigned for 53 years.
Research Gormo The Old
Gosling was an old English term for a simpleton, a fool.
Research Gosling
The Gospellers were followers of Wickliffe who attacked the errors of Popery about 1377.
Research Gospellers
A Gothamite is a person from Gotham. The term is also used to describe a fool or an American cockney.
Research Gothamite
The Goths (Visigoths) were an east Germanic people that settled near the black sea in the 2nd century AD.
Research Goths
Gottfried Bernhardy was a German classical scholar. He was born in 1800 and died in 1875. He wrote an important history of the literature of Greece and Rome.
Research Gottfried Bernhardy
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz was a German philosopher. He was born in 1646 at Leipzig and died in 1716. He wrote Monadology and Principles Of Nature. He discovered calculus and introduced the idea of unconscious mental activity.
Research Gottfried Leibnitz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German philosopher, mathematician and politician. He was born in 1646 at Leipzig and died in 1716. In 1667 he was appointed councillor to the elector of Mainz, after whose death he became in 1676 aulic councillor and librarian to the duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, and settled at Hanover and started work, but never finished, an elaborate history of the house of Brunswick.
Research Gottfried Leibniz
Gottlieb Daimler was a German engineer. He was born in 1834 at Schorndorf, Wurtemberg and died in 1900. After arriving in England he was employed at the Whitworth works at Manchester. Returning to Germany with Dr Otto of Cologne he perfected the Otto gas engine. From 1882 he devoted himself to experimenting with high power gas and oil engines, and petroleum motors.
Research Gottlieb Daimler
Gouverneur Kemble Warren was an American soldier. He was born in 1830 and died in 1882. Educated at West Point, during the American Civil War he was continuously in the Army of the Potomac. He was a colonel at Big Bethel, commanded a brigade in the Peninsula campaign, Second Bull Run, Antietam and Fredericksburg, was chief engineer of the army at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; in the latter struggle he seized the important position of Little Round Top. He was distinguished as commander of a corps at Centreville, in October, 1863, and led a corps through the Wilderness, North Anna, Cold Harbor and Petersburg campaign, until at the battle of Five Forks, on April the 1st, 1865, he was removed by Sheridan. In 1879 he reached the grade of lieutenant-colonel in the regular army.
Research Gouverneur Kemble Warren
Gouverneur Morris was an American Statesman. He was born in 1752 and died in 1816. He was a step-brother of Lewis Morris, a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. He was graduated at King's (Columbia) College in 1768, and was admitted to the bar of New York. He was a delegate to the New York Provincial Congress and to the Continental Congress, and was an influential adviser in financial matters. He was assistant to Robert Morris when the latter was Superintendent of Finance; he attended the Federal Convention of 1787 and revised the final
draft of the American Constitution. After passing some time in France, he went as a diplomatic agent to England in 1791, and was Minister to France from 1791 until 1794. For some years he traveled in Europe. Returning to America he was US Senator 1800 to 1803. He was a champion of canals, and chairman of the canal commissioners. Gouverneur Morris was a noted writer of satires and addresses and a prominent Federalist.
Research Gouverneur Morris
Gove Saulsbury was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Delaware from 1865 until 1871.
Research Gove Saulsbury
When the American colonies were founded, the term 'Governor' was used in two senses in England: to denote the commander of a fortified post, like Hull or Tangier, and to denote the head of a great trading corporation, like the East India Company or the Massachusetts Company. The Governor of an American colony got his name by derivation from both these sources, probably. When the American War of Independence broke out and the royal Governors fled, the new State Constitutions usually made provision for a single executive, called the Governor. At first he was chosen by the Legislatures in most States south of New York, but later by the people. In the colonial period, the Governors of Rhode Island, of Connecticut, and of Massachusetts down to 1691, were chosen by the people; those of royal colonies by the crown.
Research Governor
Gowlee is the cow-herd caste of people in the Hindu system.
Research Gowlee
Francisco Jose de Goya Y Lucientes was a Spanish painter. He was born in 1746 and died in 1828.
Research Goya
Grace Abbott was an American social reformer and writer. She was born in 1878 at Grand Island, Nebraska and died in 1939. She campaigned against the exploitation of immigrant workers and child labour and was the unofficial American representative to the League of Nations Advisory Committee on Traffic in women and Children from 1922 to 1934.
Research Grace Abbott
Grace Aguilar was an English writer. She was born in 1816 at Hackney and died in 1847. Of Jewish parentage, she at first devoted herself to Jewish subjects, but her fame rests on her novels, 'Home Influence', 'A Mother's Recompense', 'Home Scenes and Heart Studies', etc, most of which were published posthumously under the editorship of her mother.
Research Grace Aguilar
Grace Darling was born in 1815 at Bamburgh, Northumberland and died in 1842. She was the daughter of a lighthouse keeper at Longstone. On September 7th 1838 she and her father rowed out to a rock and rescued nine survivors from the wreck of the Forfashire. For this she was awarded a gold medal by the Humane Society.
Research Grace Darling
Graham Greene was a British author and playwright. He was born in 1904 at Berkhampsted, Hertfordshire and died in 1991. Educated at Oxford he became a journalist on The Times newspaper and during the Second World War served in the Foreign Office. A religious maniac he was obsessed with morality - which features heavily in his books - and while he was the film critic for the magazine 'Night and Day' was responsible for the magazine's demise after he libelled Twentieth Century Fox, accusing them of 'procuring Shirley Temple for immoral purposes', and they successfully sued the magazine.
Research Graham Greene
Graham Sutherland is an English painter.
Research Graham Sutherland
The Grangers was the popular name for the 'Patrons of Husbandry', an American secret association devoted to the promotion of agricultural interests, organized in Washington on December the 4th, 1867. By the end of 1875 it numbered 1,500,000 members in every section of the United States. Its organization was somewhat similar to that of the Freemasons, but both men and women were admitted to membership. Though fundamentally non-political, it exerted considerable political influence in its contests with railway corporations for cheaper rates.
Research Grangers
Charles Grant Blair Allen was an English writer and scientist. He was born in 1848 at Kingston, Canada and died in 1899. Educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham and Merton College, Oxford, he was professor and principal at Spanish Town, Jamaica from 1873 until 1877. He wrote widely on evolution and biology and also wrote novels including the 1895 'The Woman Who Did'.
Research Grant Allen
Grant Sawyer was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Nevada from 1959 until 1967.
Research Grant Sawyer
Grantland Rice was an American journalist. He was born in 1880 and died in 1954.
Research Grantland Rice
Sir Grantley Herbert Adams was premier of Barbados. He was born in 1898 and died in 1971. He was premier of Barbados from 1954 to 1958 and prime minister of the Federation of the West Indies from 1958 to 1962.
Research Grantley Adams
Sir Granville Bantock was an English composer and conductor. He was born in 1868 and died in 1946. He toured the world with the Gaiety Company and conducted at Festivals in Great Britain and Canada before becoming Professor of Music at Birmingham University in 1908, a post he held until 1934.
Research Granville Bantock
The Grazinian (Georgians) are a number of related groups of people which make up the largest ethnic group in Georgia and the surrounding area.
Research Grazinian
A Greek is an inhabitant of Greece.
Research Greek
Green C Smith was an American politician. He was born in 1832 and died in 1895. He commanded a regiment at Lebanon, Tennessee. He represented Kentucky in the US Congress as a Unionist from 1863 to 1866, and was Governor of Montana from 1866 to 1869. In 1876 he was the Presidential candidate of the Prohibition party.
Research Green Smith
During the reign of James I a green-man was a man whose job was to let off fireworks.
Research Green-Man
Gregory Palast is an American investigative journalist. He was born in Los Angeles. Originally a corporate fraud investigator, Greg Palast moved to journalism working for the BBC, and the Guardian and Observer newspapers, in 'exile' in the United Kingdom.
Research Greg Palast
Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian priest and natural historian. He was born in 1822 at Mahren and died in 1884. His generalities on heredity became known as Mendel's law.
Research Gregor Mendel
Gregorio Allegri was an Italian composer. He was born in 1590 at Rome and died in 1652. He composed a Miserere for nine voices which is sung during Holy Week in the Sistine Chapel.
Research Gregorio Allegri
Gregory Alexandrovitch Potemkin was a Russian general. He was born in 1736 and died in 1791. Descended from an ancient Polish family, and early trained as a soldier, he soon attracted the attention of Catherine II after her accession and she appointed him colonel and gentleman of the chamber. In 1783 he suppressed the khanate of the Crimea and annexed it to Russia.
Research Gregory Potemkin
Gregory Rasputin was a Russian courtier. He was born in 1871 in Siberia and died in 1916 when he was assassinated by members of the Court.
Research Gregory Rasputin
A gricer is a railway enthusiast, particularly one who seeks out and photographs unusual trains.
Research Gricer
Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev was a Russian communist politician. He was born in 1883 and died in 1936. His name was attached to the forged Zinoviev letter inciting Britain's communists to rise, which helped to topple the Labour government 1924. A prominent Bolshevik, Zinoviev returned to Russia in 1917 with Lenin and played a leading part in the Revolution. He became head of the Communist International in 1919. As one of the 'Old Bolsheviks', he was seen by Stalin as a threat. He was accused of complicity in the murder of the Bolshevik leader Sergei Kirov in 1934, and was tried and shot.
Research Grigory Zinoviev
Grinling Gibbons was a Dutch-born woodcarver. He was born in 1648 at Rotterdam and died in 1720.
Research Grinling Gibbons
The Griquas were a mixed-race people comprised of the offspring of Dutch settlers and native African women in South Africa.
Research Griquas
A groom-porter was an officer of the British Royal Household, whose duty it was to see that the King's lodging was furnished with tables, chairs, stools and firing, and also to provide playing cards and dice, etc, and to decide disputes at cards, dice and bowling etc. He was allowed to keep an open gaming-table at Christmas. The office was abolished by George III.
Research Groom-Porter
Gros Ventres is a name applied to two Indian tribes of different origin: the Gros Ventres of the Missouri and the Gros Ventres of the prairie. The latter tribe, after wandering east and joining various tribes temporarily, finally settled about 1824 near Milk River with the Blackfeet. Treaties were made bewteen them and the US government in 1851, 1853 and 1865, and the Indians since continued to be friendly to the US. They suffered considerably from hostilities with other tribes and were relocated to a reservation in Montana.
Research Gros Ventres
Grover Cleveland Alexander was an American baseball pitcher who won 373 games. He was born in 1887 and died in 1950.
Research Grover Alexander
Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd president of the USA from 1885 to 1889 and the 24th president of the USA from 1893 to 1897. He was born in 1837 at Caldwell, New York and died in 1908. He studied law and in 1855 he became a clerk at a Buffalo law office and in 1859 was admitted to the bar. He joined the democratic party, along with his law associates and took an active role in the local organisation. With the outbreak of the American Civil War, he didn't enlist and when conscripted took advantage of the commutation provision of the law and hired a substitute, staying behind to support his mother and two teenage sisters. In 1870 he was elected sheriff of Erie County.
Research Grover Cleveland
The Guahibo are an indigenous people of Colombia and Venezuela. They are primarily swidden agriculturalists, fishermen and hunters-gatherers. Some Guahibo are nomadic.
Research Guahibo
The Guarani are South American aborigines found in central and south Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina and Uruguay.
Research Guarani
Guebres was a name given to the descendants of the fire-worshippers of Persia by their Arab conquerors in the 7th century.
Research Guebres
Guercino (real name Gian-Francesco Barbieri) was an Italian painter. He was born in 1590 at Cento and died in 1666. A painter of the Bolognese school, he is best known for painting 'Aurora' at the Villa Ludovisi in Rome for Pope Gregory XV.
Research Guercino
Guglielmo Marconi was an Italian scientist. He was born in 1874 at Griffone near to Bologna and died in 1937. In 1895 he started experimenting with wireless telegraphy, and in 1896 he invented the practical wireless set. In 1899 he established a wireless communication across the English Channel and in 1901 he sent a wireless signal between Cornwall and Newfoundland. In 1904 he entered into an agreement with the British post office for the commercial transmission of wireless messages, and in the same year the first ocean daily newspaper was started on ships of the Cunard line using wireless telegraphy, quickly being adopted by the British and Italian navies and soon after by other navies.
Research Guglielmo Marconi
Gui Pierre de Kersaint was a French sailor. He was born in 1742 and died in 1793. He served in Canada in 1762, and during the American War of Independence aided the colonists from 1777 to 1783. He captured two British ships in 1777. He commanded a fleet in Chesapeake Bay in 1783.
Research Gui de Kersaint
Guillaume de Salluste du Bartas was a French poet. He was born in 1544 and died in 1590 of wounds received at Ivry. He was termed ' the divine' by contemporary English writers. His principal work was La Sepmaine (The Week), a poem on the creation, translated into English by Sylvester.
Research Guillaume de Salluste du Bartas
The Gujarati are an Indian people living chiefly in Gujarat.
Research Gujarati
Gulian Verplanck was an American writer and politician. He was born in 1786 and died in 1870. He was a member of the New York Legislature from 1820 to 1832. He represented New York in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1825 to 1833, and was a State Senator from 1838 to 1841. He wrote 'The Bucktail Bards', a series of political pamphlets; 'Discourses on American History, Arts and Literature'; 'The American Scholar', and was joint editor of the Talisman.
Research Gulian Verplanck
The Gullah are a Negro people living on the Sea Islands and in the coastal regions of South Carolina, Georgia, and north-east Florida.
Research Gullah
Gunning Bedford Sr. was an American politician. He was a Federalist governor of Delaware from 1796 until 1797.
Research Gunning Bedford, Sr.
Gurdon Saltonstall was a British colonial governor. He was born in 1666 and died in 1724. He was Governor of Connecticut from 1708 to 1724. He was prominent in the political affairs of the colony, and distinguished for his learning and eloquence.
Research Gurdon Saltonstall
The Gurians are a western Georgian tribe of the Grazinian people.
Research Gurians
The Gurindji are an Aboriginal people of north central Australia.
Research Gurindji
The Gurkhas are a Hindu people, descended from Brahmins and Rajputs, living chiefly in Nepal, where they achieved dominance after being driven from India by the Muslims. They are a fierce warrior people, many of whom serve in the British army where they are renowned for their bravery, courage and discipline.
Research Gurkhas
Gustav Froding was a Swedish poet. He was born in 1860 and died in 1911.
Research Gustav Froding
Gustav Holst was an English composer. He was born in 1874 at Cheltenham and died in 1934.
Research Gustav Holst
Gustav Mahler was a Czech-Austrian composer. He was born in 1860 at Kalischt and died in 1911.
Research Gustav Mahler
Gustav Moritz, Count of Armfelt, was a Swedish soldier. He was born in 1757 and died in 1814. Though he had been highly favoured and loaded with honours by Gustavus III, he incurred the enmity of the Duke of Sudermania, guardian to the young king, Gustavus IV, and was deprived of all his titles and possessions. He was restored to his fortune and honours in 1799, when Gustavus IV attained his majority, and held several high military posts. Ultimately, however, he entered the Russian service, was made count, chancellor of the University of Abo, president of the department for the affairs of Finland, member of the Russian senate, and served in the campaign against Napoleon in 1812.
Research Gustav Moritz
Gustav Richter was a German painter. He was born in 1823 at Berlin and died in 1884. He was a member of the academies of Berlin, Munich and Vienna. He executed frescoes in the Berlin Museum and attracted attention by his ' Raising of Jarius' Daughter' and his 'Building of the Pyramids'.
Research Gustav Richter
Gustav Schwab was a German poet. He was born in 1792 at Stuttgart and died in 1850. He became professor of ancient literature at Stuttgart in 1817 and also held various ecclesiastical appointments.
Research Gustav Schwab
Gustave Ador was a Swiss politician. He was born in 1845 at Geneva and died in 1928. He was for some time President of the International Committee of the Red Cross, resigning in 1917. In 1918 he was elected to the Federal Council, and in 1919 was elected President of the Swiss Confederation.
Research Gustave Ador
P Gustave T Beauregard was an American soldier. He was born in 1818 at Louisiana and died in 1893. Educated at West Point, he was employed in the engineer service of the United States until 1861, when he resigned and entered the service of the seceded States. Placed in command of the defences of Charleston, he opened fire on Fort Sumter on April the 12th 1861. With general J E Johnston he won the victory at the Battle of Bull Run on July the 21st. In the spring of 1862 he was ordered to Tennessee. When general A S Johnston was killed at Shiloh, Gustave Beauregard succeeded him in the command but was forced to retire, and subsequently to evacuate Corinth. From September 1862 until April 1864 he defended Charleston against general Gillmore and admirals Dupont and John Dahlgren. In May 1864 he aided Robert E Lee at Petersburg; in the autumn he aided in the vain attempt of the Confederates to stop Sherman's march through Georgia. He surrendered with Johnston in April 1865. After the American Civil War he was manager of the Louisiana State lottery.
Research Gustave Beauregard
Gustave Charpentier was a French composer. He was born in 1860 at Dieuze and studied at Lille and at the Paris Conservatoire. He wrote the opera 'Louise' which opened in Paris in 1900 and was a great success.
Research Gustave Charpentier
Gustave Courbet was a French painter. He was born in 1819 at Ornans and died in 1877. Of peasant stock, he was mainly self-taught, though he studied in Paris. His Burial at Ornans outraged every academic convention and was bitterly attacked.
Research Gustave Courbet
Gustave Flaubert was a French novelist. He was born in 1821 and died in 1880. He had an unusual writing style in that he insisted that every word should be the most apt and every phrase exact. This meant it often took him a week to write one page.
Research Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Adolphe Thuret was a French botanist. He was born in 1817 at Paris and died in 1875. After travelling in Syria and Egypt, he retired to Rentilly in 1851. His great discoveries are in the department of algae, and particularly with regard to sexual fecundation in seaweeds. He established a large botanic garden at Antibes on the Mediterranean.
Research Gustave Thuret
Gustavus I was a king of Sweden. He was born in 1496 at Lindholm, and died in 1560. He ascended to the throne in 1523.
Research Gustavus I
Gustavus II (Gustavus Adolphus) was a king of Sweden. He was born in 1594 at Stockholm and died in 1632. He was a son of Charles IX. He ascended the throne in 1611 and his tact and wisdom gradually gained over the wealthy nobles whom his stern father had attempted to crush, and persuaded them to take the chief burdens on their own shoulders. Yet he protected the lower classes from the tyranny of the landowners, reorganised the government and placed it in the hands of a well organised bureaucracy. He built new towns and encouraged commerce, and in 1624 granted a charter to the Swedish West India Company founded by William Usselinx, and pledged himself to subscribe 400,000 daler of the royal treasury to the company's stock.
Research Gustavus II
Gustavus III was a king of Sweden. He was born in 1746 and died in 1792. He was the eldest son of Adolphus Frederick. He ascended the throne in 1771 and immediately overthrew the oligarchical tyranny of the nobles by the bloodless coup d'etat of August the 19th 1772. During the following twelve years he regenerated Sweden, reforming abuses and promoting commerce and agriculture, replenishing the exchequer and encouraging the arts. However, he maintained a court of extraordinary splendour which became a burden to the people. He declared war on Russia in 1788 without consulting parliament, which caused a mutiny of his officers. The war with Russia was ended in 1790 following the almost complete annihilation of the Russian fleet at the Battle of Svensksund. He was finally assassinated at a masquerade at the opera by the nobles.
Research Gustavus III
Gustavus IV was a king of Sweden. He was born in 1778 at Stockholm and died in 1837. The son of Gustavus III, he allied himself to England, lost Finland to the Russians and Stralsund, and Rugen to the French. In 1809 his army and nobles combined in a coup and he was removed from the throne and went into exile in Switzerland.
Research Gustavus IV
Johann Gutenburg was a German printer. He was born in 1397 at Mainz and died in 1468. In 1454 he published the first bible using metal types.
Research Gutenburg
Guy B Park was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Missouri from 1933 until 1937.
Research Guy B. Park
Guy Francis DeMoncy Burgess was Executive Officer of the British Foreign Office. He defected to the Russians with Donald Maclean in 1951.
Research Guy Burgess
Sir Guy Carleton Carleton was a British soldier. He was born in 1724 and died in 1808. He distinguished himself at the sieges of Louisbourg and Quebec. He was Governor of Quebec from 1766 to 1770 and from 1775 to 1778, and defended it against the Americans under Montgomery in 1775. He commanded the army that invaded New York in 1776, and fought a severe battle with Arnold on Lake Champlain. In 1782 he superseded Sir Henry Clinton as commander-in-chief. From 1786 to 1796, as Lord Dorchester, he was Governor of Canada. He became a lieutenant-general in 1777.
Research Guy Carleton
Sir Guy Dawber was an English architect. He was born in 1861 and died in 1938. He did a lot of work to bring about the restoration of buildings throughout England.
Research Guy Dawber
Henri Renee Albert Guy de Maupassant was a French writer. He was born in 1850 at Fecamp and died in 1893. He primarily wrote short stories.
Research Guy de Maupassant
Guy Fawkes was an alleged English terrorist. He was born in 1570 at York and died in 1606. Born a protestant, he converted to Catholicism while at school and was appalled at the state persecution of Catholics within England. Joining the Spanish army, he tried in vain to persuade the King of Spain to invade England and replace the protestant government with a catholic king and government. He was subsequently allegedly recruited by a group of twelve other English catholic terrorists led by Robert Catesby who hired a cellar under the House of Lords and packed it with 36 barrels (between one and three tons) of gunpowder, Guy Fawkes was assigned the task of lighting the fuse on the bomb on the 5th of November when the King and entire English nobility would be in attendance at the House of Lords. However, hours before the planned detonation the authorities, acting on a tip off - an anonymous letter received by Lord Monteagle (brother-in-law of one of the alleged conspirators) advising him not to attend the House of Lords on the day in question, searched the cellars and found and arrested Guy Fawkes who under subsequent torture revealed the names of his co-conspirators and they were executed, without a trial, but on the basis of confessions extracted under torture in 1606. There is serious doubt about the plot - it was for example too conveniently discovered in the nick of time, and the accused were not tried, but all confessed under torture, and it has been suggested that the entire plot was fabricated by the English authorities to discredit the catholic church and the Pope. Certainly following the alleged plot, persecution of the Catholics within Britain continued and increased.
Research Guy Fawkes
Guy Hunt was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Alabama from 1987 until 1993.
Research Guy Hunt
In Ancient Greece, a gymnasiarch was a magistrate or public official who superintended gymnasiums and provided athletes training for the public games with oil and other necessaries out of his own expense.
Research Gymnasiarch
|
Abbreviations
People
