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John I (Saint John) was an Italian pope from 523 to 526.
John I was King of England from 1199 to 1216.
John I (John the Great) was king of Portugal from 1385 to 1433.
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John I Cox was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Tennessee from 1905 until 1907.
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John I Guion was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi during 1851.
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John II was an Italian pope from 533 to 535.
John II was king of France. He was born in 1319 and died in 1364. He became king in 1350 and reigned until he was defeated and captured by the Black Prince at Poitiers in 1356. He was released in 1360, but failing to raise the money for his ransom, returned to England in 1364 where he died.
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John III (John Sobieski) was king of Poland. He was born in 1624 and died in 1696. He was elected king in 1674 and in 1683 saved Vienna from the Turks who were besieging it.
John III was an Italian pope from 561 to 574.
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John Ireland was an English composer. He was born in 1879 at Bowden and died in 1962. He wrote a lot of music for the piano.
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John IV was pope from 640 to 642.
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John IX was an Italian pope from 898 to 900.
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John Jordan Crittenden was an American politician. He was born in 1787 and died in 1863. A lawyer he became Attorney-General of Illinois territory and fought in the American War of 1812. He was a Whig governor of Kentucky from 1848 until 1850, Senator from Kentucky from 1817 to 1819, and from 1835 to 1841, 1842 to 1849 and from 1855 to 1861. He was Attorney-General in 1841, and again from 1850 to 1853 From 1861 until 1863 he was a member of the House of Representatives from Kentucky.
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John J Bagley was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Michigan from 1873 until 1876.
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John J Blaine was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Wisconsin from 1921 until 1927.
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John J Cornwell was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of West Virginia from 1917 until 1921.
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John J Dempsey was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Mexico from 1943 until 1947.
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John J Gilligan was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Ohio from 1971 until 1975.
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John J Jacob was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of West Virginia from 1871 until 1877.
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John J McKeithen was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana from 1964 until 1972.
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John J McRae was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi from 1854 until 1857.
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John J Pettus was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi during 1854.
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John Jackson was an English cricketer. He was born in 1834 and died in 1901. He was a bowler for Nottinghamshire renowned for injuring batsmen, developing the notion of bodyline bowling. He was given the nickname 'Foghorn' on account of his habit of blowing his nose after taking a wicket. In 1860, playing against Surrey, he took nine wickets and caused a tenth batsman to retire injured - effectively taking all wickets in the match.
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John Jay was an American politician. He was born in 1745 at New York and died in 1829. The son of a rich merchant he graduated at King's (Columbia) College in 1766 and became a lawyer, and in the American War of Independence was prominent on the patriotic side as a member of the Committee of Correspondence. As delegate to the first Continental Congress of 1774 he was an author of the 'Address to the People of Great Britain'. He was a member of the
Second Congress, and as delegate to the New York Convention he helped in
drawing the State Constitution. In 1777 he was Chief Justice of the State. In 1780 he became Minister to Spain, and was soon associated with Adams and Franklin in negotiating the peace; Jay's services in this treaty were conspicuous. During the years 1784-1789 he was Secretary of Foreign Affairs. With Hamilton and Madison he wrote the Federalist of which five essays are indisputably by Jay. He was a member of the New York Convention of 1788 which ratified the Constitution, and in 1789 George Washington appointed him first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1792 he was the unsuccessful Federalist candidate for Governor of New York. In 1794 Jay was sent as special envoy to England to negotiate the treaty which, under the name of the Jay's Treaty, became an object of such fierce abuse. His last public service was as Governor of New York, 1795-1801.
John Jay was an American statesman and anti-slavery campaigner. He was born in 1817 and died in 1894. He was Minister to Austria from 1869 to 1875. From 1883 to 1887 he was a member of the New York Civil Service Commission. He published many influential anti-slavery, legal, political and historical pamphlets.
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John Jay Knox was an American civil servant. He was born in 1828 and died in 1893. He was Deputy Controller of the Currency from 1867 to 1872 and Controller from 1872 to 1884. He drafted and prepared the American Coinage Act of 1873. He wrote a History of Banking in the United States.
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John Richard Jefferies was an English essayist and naturalist. He was born in 1848 near Swindon and died in 1883.
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Sir John Johnson was an English colonial governor. He was born in 1742 and died in 1830. He was knighted in 1765 and succeeded to. the baronetcy of Sir William Johnson, his father, in 1774. He fled from New York to Canada in 1776 on account of his loyalist principles. In 1777 he invested Fort Stanwix and fought at Oriskany. In 1780 he superintended the atrocious depredations in the Cherry Valley and conducted the raids in the Mohawk Valley. He was afterward Governor of Upper Canada.
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John K Tener was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1911 until 1915.
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John Keats was an English poet. He was born in London in 1795 and died in 1821.
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John Kenyon was a Jamaican poet and philanthropist. He was born in 1784 and died in 1856.
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John Maynard Keynes was an English economist. He was born in 1883 at Cambridge and died in 1946. The pioneer of the theory of full employment, Keynes argued that the more wealth the people have, the more the people spend and everybody benefits, arguing for higher wages and that unemployment is not incurable.
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John Knox was a Scottish reformer and preacher. He was born in 1505 at Giffordgate and died in 1572.
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John Kohl was a German cartographer. He was born in 1808 and died in 1878. He visited America from Germany from 1854 to 1858. He published many valuable works relating to the United States, including a series of maps and 'History of the Discovery of the US Coast', and others.
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John L Barstow was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1882 until 1884.
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John L Bates was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Massachusetts from 1903 until 1905.
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John L Beveridge was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Illinois from 1873 until 1877.
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John L Helm was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Kentucky during 1867.
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John L Manning was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina from 1852 until 1854.
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John L Routt was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Colorado from 1876 until 1879.
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John L Wilson was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of South Carolina from 1822 until 1824.
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John Lambert was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of New Jersey from 1802 until 1803.
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John Langdon was an American politician. He was born in 1741 and died in 1819. He was a delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776 and in 1783. He devoted his estate to the cause of the American Revolution, and fought at Bennington and Saratoga. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. He was a Democratic US Senator from 1789 to 1801. He was Governor of New Hampshire from 1805 to 1809, and from 1810 to 1811.
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John Lansing was an American jurist and politician. He was born in 1754 and died in 1829. He was a delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 which framed the Constitution, but refused to sign it, and opposed its ratification. In 1790 he was appointed a Justice of the New York Supreme Court, and in 1798 became Chief Justice. From 1801 to 1814 he was Chancellor of the State.
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John Laurens was an American soldier. He was born in 1756 and died in 1782. He became an aide to George Washington at the outbreak of the American War of Independence, and is said to have engaged in all of George Washington's battles. He fought at Brandywine, Monmouth, Germantown, Charleston and Savannah. In 1781 he was appointed a commissioner to France, and obtained aid in money and supplies. He fought at Yorktown, and while serving under General Greene, was killed in a skirmish.
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John Law was an American banker. He was born in 1671 and died in 1729. He established a private bank in Paris in 1716. In 1718 his plan of a National Bank and an issue of paper money was adopted by the French regent. In 1719 depreciated national currency was received at its par value in payment for shares in John Law's scheme for colonizing the Mississippi Valley. Speculation and the inflated currency caused a panic in 1720.
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John Le Carre is the pen name of David John Cornwell, a British author of spy novels which include ' The Spy Who Came in from the Cold' and 'Smiley's People'. He was born in 1931.
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Sir John Leake was an English admiral. He was born in 1656 at London and died in 1720. He entered the navy and was a commander in 1688, captain in 1689, rear-admiral in 1702, full admiral in 1707 and first lord of the Admiralty in 1710. He saw service at the relief of Londonderry, Barfleur and Malaga and from 1705 to 1707 commanded in the Mediterranean.
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John Ledyard was an American explorer. He was born in 1751 at Connecticut and died in 1789. He accompanied Captain James Cook on his last voyage, and published an account of it. He afterward travelled through Russia and Siberia.
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John Lee Carroll was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1876 until 1880.
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John Letcher was an American politician. He was born in 1813 and died in 1874. He represented Virginia in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1851 to 1859. He was Governor of the State from 1860 to 1864, and aided the Confederate cause.
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Sir John Leverett was an English colonial governor. He was born in 1616 and died in 1679. He went to America from England in 1632. He was a delegate to the Massachusetts General Court from 1651 to 1653, and in 1663. He was major-general from 1663 to 1673, and Governor from 1673 to 1679.
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John Ligonier (real name Jean Louis Ligonier) was a British soldier. He was born in 1680 at Castres, France and died in 1770. Arriving in Britain with his Huguenot family as a refuge in 1698, he joined the army and took part in all of Marlborough's battles and campaigns between 1702 and 1711. In 1720 he was appointed colonel of the Black Horse (7th Dragoon Guards). In 1756 he was appointed commander in chief and acted as military adviser to Pitt during the Seven Years War. He became a Field Marshall and was made an earl in 1766.
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John Lilburne was an English republican and leader of the Levellers. He was born in 1614 at Greenwich and died in 1657. After apprenticing to a cloth merchant he joined the subversive opposition to Charles I's personal rule, helping to smuggle in pamphlets from the Netherlands and distribute them. He was caught, fined, whipped, pilloried and imprisoned - while in the pillory he preached against Charles I until he was gagged. He remained in prison until the Long parliament freed him in 1640. On the outbreak of the English Civil War he was made a captain in the Parliamentarian army, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel before resigning in 1645. He continued to protest on matters and was continually being arrested and acquitted by juries sympathetic to him before again being imprisoned and being released in 1655 after offering security for his good behaviour.
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John Lind was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Minnesota from 1899 until 1901.
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John Lingard was an English historian. He was born in 1771 at Winchester and died in 1851. He was ordained a priest in 1795 and in 1811 retired to a private mission at Hornby in Lancashire. He wrote 'History of England (1819-30)'.
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John Locke was a British philosopher. He was born in 1632 at Wrington and died in 1704. He wrote 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding' and drew up a constitution for the government of Carolina, at the request of the proprietaries.
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John Logan was a chief of the Mingo tribe of American Indians. He was born in 1725 and died in 1780. He lived peacefully among the whites until 1774. In 1774 his family were massacred by Ohio settlers, and John Logan retaliated with a war. The terrible barbarities were terminated by the defeat of the Indians at the Great Kanawha. He sent a famous pathetic message to Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia, reviewing his wrongs.
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John Logie Baird was a Scottish scientist. He pioneered television. He was born in 1888 and died in 1946.
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John C Loudon (Earl of Loudon) was an English soldier. He was born in 1705 and died in 1782. He succeeded William Shirley as commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America in 1756. He proved incapable and irresolute in the campaign against the French at Louisbourg. He laid an embargo on commerce in 1757, which was very unpopular. In 1757 he was succeeded by General Amherst.
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John Lowell was an American jurist and politician. He was born in 1743 and died in 1802. He secured the insertion of the clause 'all men are born free and equal' in the Massachusetts bill of rights. He was a member of the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783. He was a Judge of the US Court of Appeals from 1782 to 1789, and US District Judge from 1789.
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John Lubbock (first Baron Avebury) was an English banker and naturalist. He was born in 1834 at London and died in 1912. Educated at Eaton he entered the banking firm of Robarts, Lubbock and Company in 1848 and succeeded his father as head of the firm in 1865. From 1870 until 1880 he was Liberal member of parliament for Maidstone and from 1880 until 1900 member for London University, sitting as a Liberal-Unionist from 1885 until 1900. In 1900 he was raised to the peerage as the first Baron Avebury. He was responsible for the 1881 Bank Holidays Act, and was also instrumental in the 1886 Shop Hours Regulation Act and the 1904 Bill of Exchange Act.
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John Lydgate was a British poet and monk. He was born in 1370 and died in 1451. He wrote 'Troy Book'.
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John Lydon (aka Johnny Rotten) was the revolutionary lead singer and chief protagonist with the punk rock group the Sex Pistols, and then after they split up with Public Image Ltd.
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John Lyly was a British novelist and dramatist. He was born in 1554 at Kent and died in 1606. e was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford and later at Cambridge. He wrote 'Euphues: the Anatomy of Wit' and also 'Euphues and His England'.
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John M Dalton was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Missouri from 1961 until 1965.
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John M Haines was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Idaho from 1913 until 1915.
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John M Hamilton was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Illinois from 1883 until 1885.
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John M Palmer was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Illinois from 1869 until 1873.
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John M Parker was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana from 1920 until 1924.
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John M Patterson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1959 until 1963.
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John M Pattison was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Ohio during 1906.
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John M Slaton was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Georgia from 1911 until 1912.
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John M Stone was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi from 1876 until 1882.
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John M Thayer was an American soldier and politician. He was born in 1830. He led a brigade at Donelson and Shiloh and commanded a division at Vicksburg and a column at Chickasaw. He represented Nebraska in the US Senate as a Republican from 1867 to 1871, and was Governor of Nebraska from 1886 to 1891.
*John Magruder
John B Magruder was an American soldier. He was born in 1810 and died in 1871. A Confederate major-general, he commanded the forces in the Peninsula in 1863, and the Department of Texas during the remainder of the American Civil War, after which he served under Maximilian in Mexico.
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John Manley was an English-born American sailor. He was born in 1733 and died in 1793. He moved from England to America and settled in Marblehead, Massachusetts. He was commissioned by George Washington to cruise off Boston and intercept Gage's supplies, on October the 24th, 1775. He opened the naval operations of the American War of Independence by capturing HMS Nancy, laden with military supplies, on November the 29th. In 1776 he was made the second captain in the US navy, and commanded the Hancock in 1776 and 1777, and privateers subsequently. He was twice made a prisoner. In 1782 he commanded the ship Hague.
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John Manners, the Marquis of Granby was an English soldier and politician. He was born in 1721 and died in 1770. The son of the Duke of Rutland, he was educated at Eton and at Cambridge and raised a foot regiment in 1745. He became colonel of horse-guards in 1758 and lieutenant-general in 1759 and commanded the British troops in the Seven Years' War and was commander-in-chief of the British army from 1766 to 1770. He was elected to parliament in 1754, 1761, and 1768. His immense popularity, which was, however, scarcely earned by his merits as a general, was in part attested by the frequent use of his name for inns and public-houses. He was fiercely attacked by Junius.
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John Marin was an American artist. He was born in 1870 at New Jersey and died in 1953. He was an architect's draughtsman until in 1899 he began to study art, living in Paris from 1905 to 1911. His finest works are water- colour landscapes, including studies of the Maine coast.
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John Mahlon Marlin was an American gunsmith. He was born in 1836 at Connecticut and died in 1901. After studying as an apprentice toolmaker he worked at the Colt factory at Hertford before in 1870 starting his own company making revolvers, pistols, derringers and rifles. Marlin rifles were used by both Buffalo Bill and Annie Oakley in their Wild West shows.
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John Marshall was an American jurist. He was born in 1755 at Germantown, Virginia and died in 1835. He was deprived of a collegiate education, and was a youth when the American War of Independence began. A young John Marshall served as a regimental officer through the struggle, and fought at Brandywine, Monmouth, etc. He then applied himself to the law, entered the Virginia House of Burgesses and the council. As a member of the convention for ratifying the Federal Constitution in 1788, he contended on the Federalist side ably and successfully against the eloquence of Patrick Henry and his colleagues. With Gerry and C C Pinckney he was Envoy to France in 1797 at the time of Talleyrand's attempted bribery of the United States. Returning the next year he served as Congressman in 1799-1800, and as Secretary of State 1800-1801. In 1801 President Adams appointed John Marshall Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, a position he held until his death.
He is famous in the American national annals for his great opinions defining and interpreting the Federal Constitution, and aiding to consolidate the Union. He presided over the Burr trial, and in 1829 was a member of the Virginia convention for revising the State Constitution. John Marshall wrote a biography of Georhe Washington in five volumes, afterward revised and condensed into two volumes.
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John Marston was an English dramatist. He was born in 1575 at Coventry and died in 1634. Having published some satires in 1598, he took to writing plays and moved to Christchurch in Hampshire.
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John Martin was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Georgia from 1782 until 1783.
John Martin was an English landscape and historical painter. He was born in 1789 at Haydon Bridge and died in 1854.
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John Masefield was an English writer. He was born in 1878 at Ledbury and died in 1967.
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John Mason was an English colonist. He was born in 1600 and died in 1672. He went to America from England in 1630 and was one of the founders of Windsor, Connecticut in 1635. He successfully conducted the Pequot War in 1637. He was major of the Connecticut forces from 1637 to 1672, and Deputy-Governor of Connecticut from 1660 to 1670. He published 'Relation of Trouble by the Indians'.
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John Mason Good was an English physician and the author of various poems, translations, and professional treatises. He was born in 1764 and died in 1827. He was apprenticed to a surgeon at Gosport, and in 1784 engaged in practice at Sudbury. In 1793 he removed to London, where he carried on business for several years as a surgeon and apothecary. He obtained the diploma of MD from the University of Aberdeen in 1820, and from that period practised exclusively as a physician until his death. His best-known work is a blank verse translation of Lucretius' Latin poem De Natura Rerum.
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John Mathews was an American politician. He was a governor of South Carolina from 1782 until 1783.
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John Mattocks was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Vermont from 1843 until 1844.
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John McCloskey was an American clergyman. He was born in 1810 and died in 1885. He was Bishop of Albany from 1847 to 1864. He was Archbishop of New York from 1864. In 1875 he was made a cardinal.
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John McCuish was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kansas during 1957.
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John McDougal was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of California from 1851 until 1852.
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John McGeoch is guitar player with the rock group Public Image Ltd.
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John McGraw was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Washington from 1893 until 1897.
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John McKinley was an American politician. He was born in 1780 and died in 1852. He represented Alabama in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1826 to 1831. He was a US Congressman from 1833 to 1835. From 1837 to 1852 he was a Justice of the US Supreme Court.
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John McKinly was an American politician. He was a governor of Delaware during 1777.
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John McLane was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Hampshire from 1905 until 1907.
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John McLean was an American politician. He was born in 1785 at New Jersey and died in 1861. He was brought up in Ohio, was a Representative from Ohio from 1813 to 1817, and Postmaster-General from 1823 to 1829, in the administrations of Monroe and John Quincy Adams. From 1830 to 1861 he was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In the Dred Scott case he dissented from the opinion of Chief Justice Taney.
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John Mercer Patton was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Virginia during 1841.
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John Stuart Mill was an English economist. He was born in 1806 at London and died in 1873. He defended the rights of the working class and supported the right of women to vote.
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Sir John Everett Millais was an English painter. He was born in 1829 at Southampton and died in 1896.
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John Milledge was an American politician. He was a Jeffersonian-Republican governor of Georgia from 1802 until 1806.
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John Miller was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Missouri from 1826 until 1832.
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John Milton was an English writer. He was born in 1608 at London and died in 1674. He wrote Paradise Lost.
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John Montagu was the fourth earl of Sandwich. He was born in 1718 and died in 1792. He gave his name to the food preparation we call a sandwich, but he didn't invent it, rather the sandwich owes its origins to the Romans.
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John Morgan was an American doctor. He was born in 1735 and died in 1789. He established the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1765, and was physician-in-chief of the American army from 1775 to 1777.
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John Morley was the 1st viscount Morley. He was an English biographer and liberal politician. He was born in 1838 and died in 1923.
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John Moses was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Dakota from 1939 until 1945.
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John Lothrop Motley was an American historian. He was born in 1814 and died in 1877. Educated at Harvard and Gottingen, he was secretary of the US legation at St Petersburg in 1841. In 1856, he published 'The Rise of the Dutch Republic', which was immediately recognized as a brilliant and scholarly production. During the American Civil War he zealously upheld the national cause in Europe. From 1861 to 1868, he produced 'The History of the United Netherlands'. He was Minister to Austria from 1861 to 1867, and to England from 1869 to 1870. In 1874 he published the 'Life of John of Barneveld'. He wrote an address entitled 'Historic Progress and American Democracy'.
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John Moultrie was an English poet. He was born in 1799 at London and died in 1874.
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John Muir was a Scottish Sanskrit scholar. He was born in 1810 at Glasgow and died in 1882. He entered the service of the East India Company in 1829 but became principal of Queen's College, Benares in 1844 and in 1845 judge at Fatepur. He retired in 1853 and founded the chair of Sanskrit and the lectureship in comparative philology at Edinburgh in 1862.
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John Munford Gregory was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Virginia from 1842 until 1843.
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John Murphy was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Alabama from 1825 until 1829.
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John Murray, Earl of Dunmore was an English colonial governor. He was born in 1732 and died in 1809. A descendant of the Stuarts, he succeeded to the peerage in 1766 and became Governor of New York in 1770 and of Virginia in 1771. In 1774 the Virginians under Patrick Henry took up arms against his government. He fled in 1775 and during the first year of the American War of Independence conducted petty warfare and led plundering expeditions on the coast, burning Norfolk, but was dislodged in 1776.
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John N Dalton was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Virginia from 1978 until 1982.
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John Napier was a Scottish mathematician. He was born in 1550 and died in 1617. He invented logarithms.
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John Nash was a British architect. He was born in 1752 and died in 1835. He designed many country mansions, planned much of Regent's Street and Regent's Park, converted Buckingham House into Buckingham Palace and designed the arch which was originally intended for it, but which is now known as Marble Arch. He also designed Hyde Park and the Brighton Pavilion.
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John Neal was an American journalist. He was born in 1793 and died in 1876. He first came into prominence by his articles upon American politics and customs. He was one of the most brilliant journalists of his time, dealing with literature, history and biography, and wrote novels of some prominence in their day.
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John Mason Neale was a British Anglican cleric. He was born in 1818 and died in 1866. He wrote or translated over 700 hymns, as well as novels and Church histories. Among the ancient and medieval hymns he translated was 'Jerusalem, the Golden'. Shortly after becoming an Anglican priest, he was Inhibited by his bishop from 1847 to 1863, because of his Tractarian Catholic views. As a result he never had a parish, but instead worked as a warden in an almshouse. He died of consumption.
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John Neely Johnson was an American politician. He was a governor of California from 1856 until 1858.
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John S Newberry was an American geologist. He was born in 1832 and died in 1892. He made extensive explorations in the Western United States, which revealed the vast resources of the West. He conducted the Mississippi Valley Sanitary Department from 1861 to 1866.
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John Alexander Newlands was a British chemist. He was born in 1838 and died in 1898. He classified the elements in order of their atomic weight, noticing similarities in every eighth and thus discovering his law of octaves.
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John Henry Newman was a British theologian. He was born in 1801 at London and died in 1890. Originally an Anglican minister, he was a prominent figure in the Oxford Movement. He became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and a priest in 1847 and was made a cardinal in 1879. His writings include the spiritual autobiography, 'Apologia pro vita sua' published in 1864, a treatise on the nature of belief, 'The Grammar of Assent' published in 1870, and hymns.
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John Newton was an English Evangelist. He was born in 1725 at London and died in 1807. The son of a ship's master, he received little formal education and served on ships before becoming converted to Christianity during a storm at sea in 1748, before leaving the sea in 1755 and in 1764 was ordained by the Bishop of Lincoln and worked at Olney in Buckinghamshire where he met and became friendly with William Cowper, together with him writing various hymns.
John Newton was an American soldier. He was born in 1823 and died in 1895. He commanded a brigade at South Mountain and Antietam. He commanded a division at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville and a corps at Gettysburg. He superintended the removal of obstructions in Hell Gate, New York in 1885.
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John Nicol was a British author. He was born in 1833 at Montrose and died in 1894. From 1862 to 1889 he was professor of English literature at Glasgow University. In 1873 he published his strong dramatic poem 'Hannibal' , and in 1881 'The Death of Thermistocles and other Poems'.
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John Nixon was an American soldier. He was born in 1733 at Massachusetts and died in 1808. He was prominent in the pre-revolutionary movements in America. He commanded at Fort Island in 1776, and led a battalion at Princeton. He was president of the Bank of North America from 1792 to 1808.
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John H Noyes was an American colonist. He was born in 1811 and died in 1886. He founded a colony of Perfectionists at Putney, Vermont, in 1838. He removed to Oneida, New York, in 1848 and established there a socialist community. He wrote a 'History of American Socialism".
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John B O'Reilly was an Irish journalist and poet. He was born in 1844 at ireland and died in 1890. He was transported for treason in 1866 and escaped from Australia to the United States in 1869. He was editor of the 'Pilot' from 1874 to 1890, and was noted as a poet.
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John O Pastore was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Rhode Island from 1945 until 1950.
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John of Beverley was an English prelate and saint. He was born about the middle of the seventh century at Harpham, Yorkshire and died in 721. He was appointed abbot of St Hilda and afterwards Bishop of Hexham in 685, and two years later Archbishop of York. He founded a college for secular priests at Beverley, where he retired in 717, and died in 721. Bede, who was his pupil, believed that he could work miracles, a power attributed to his remains for some centuries.
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John of Bohemia (the blind king) was king of Bohemia. He was born in 1296 and died in 1346. He was a son of the Emperor Henry VII and became king of Bohemia through his marriage with the heiress to the throne. There was a fierce contest between the houses of Austria and Bavaria, and John achieved the victory for Bavaria in 1322 at Muhldorf. He became an ally of the French in the war against England and was slain at Crecy.
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John of Brienne was a celebrated Crusader. He was born in 1148 and died in 1237. The son of Erard II, he was count of Brienne, was present at the siege of Constantinople in 1204 and afterwards in 1209 married the granddaughter and heiress of Amaury, King of Jerusalem. John of Brienne thus obtained an empty title which he afterwards ceded to the Emperor Frederick II. Later he was again formally associated with Baldwin II as joint emperor of the Latin empire in the East. After a series of heroic exploits in defence of his dominions, in 1237 he resigned his crown to retire into a monastery, where he died.
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John Damascenus, John of Damascus, afterwards called also John Chrysorrhoas ('golden stream') was a Syrian theologian. He was born about 676 at Damascus and died about 760. He was the author of the first system of Christian theology in the Eastern Church, or the founder of scientific dogmatics, and his exposition of the orthodox faith enjoyed in the Greek Church a great reputation.
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John Oldham was an English colonist. He was born about 1600 and died in 1636. He went to Plymouth, America from England in 1623. His murder by Indians on Block Island in 1636 was a chief incident leading to the Pequot War.
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John Oliver Hobbes was the pseudonym of Pearl Mary Teresa Craigie (maiden name Richards) an American novelist and miscellaneous writer. She was born in 1867 at Boston, Massachusetts and died after 1905. She married but had good grounds for divorcing her husband and published a series of novels, plays, contributions to periodicals, etc, including Some Emotions and a Moral (1891); The Sinner's Comedy; The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord Wickenham; Tales about Temperaments, etc.
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John Opie was an English painter. He was born in Cornwall in 1761 and died in 1807.
In 1780 he went to London where his talent was immediately recognised. His painting the 'Assassination of Rizzio' painted in 1787 secured his election to the Royal Academy.
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John Owen was an American politician. He was a governor of North Carolina from 1828 until 1830.
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John Oxenham was an English author of romantic novels and adventure stories. His works include ' John of Gerisau' and 'The Man Who Would Save The World'.
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John P Buchanan was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Tennessee from 1891 until 1893.
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John P Cochran was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Delaware from 1875 until 1879.
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John P Kennedy was an American politician. He was born in 1795 and died in 1870. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1820 to 1823. He represented Maryland in the US Congress as a Whig from 1838 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1845. He was Secretary of the Navy in Fillmore's Cabinet from 1852 to 1853.
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John P Richardson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina from 1840 until 1842.
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John Peter Altgeld was an American politician. He was born in 1847 and died in 1902. He was a Democratic governor of Illinois from 1893 until 1897. He is famous for his pardon in 1893 of the three men convicted of complicity in the Haymarket riot in Chicago of 1886.
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John Page was an American politician. He was born in 1744 and died in 1808. He represented Virginia in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1789 to 1797. He was Governor of Virginia from 1803 to 1805. He published 'Political Addresses', and was an early friend of Jefferson.
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John G Palfrey ws an American journalist and politician. He was born in 1796 and died in 1881. He was editor of the North American Review from 1835 to 1843. He was Secretary of State in Massachusetts from 1844 to 1848, and represented Massachusetts in the US Congress as a Whig from 1847 to 1849. He wrote a valuable 'History of New England', a Life of Colonel William Palfrey and 'The Progress of the Slave Power'.
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John Paul Jones was an American sailor, pirate and notorious British traitor. He was born in 1747 at Scotland and died in 1792. He had been engaged in the merchant marine previous to his settlement in Virginia, shortly before the beginning of the American War of Independence. On the opening of hostilities he volunteered with enthusiasm in the service of America, was appointed first lieutenant, and made a number of successful cruises.
In 1777 he sailed to France. From Brest as a headquarters he conducted in his ship, the Ranger, a remarkable expedition to the British coasts, for which his old acquaintance with the localities had well fitted him. In St George's Channel he took prizes, landed at Whitehaven and terrorized the seaboard for a short time. He captured the British ship Drake, and his success led him in 1779 to start in command of a small fleet against the eastern shore of the island; his own vessel was the Bon Homme Richard. With this fleet he encountered off Scarborough a British convoy and ships of war. A fierce naval battle followed between Jones' vessel and the British ship Serapis on the evening of September the 23rd, 1779. The Serapis finally struck, but the American ship was completely disabled, and the losses in the close-range struggle were great. Jones received the thanks of Congress and a gold sword from Louis XVI of France. After the war he was a rear-admiral in the Russian navy, and died in Paris.
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John J Peck was an American soldier. He was born in 1821 at New York and died in 1878. He served in every battle except one during the Mexican War. He commanded a brigade at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks and was in command at Suffolk against Longstreet in 1863.
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John Peel (real name John Robert Parker Ravenscroft) was an English disc-jockey and broadcaster. He was born in 1939 at Heswall, Merseyside and died in 2004. A pioneering disc-jockey, he took the pseudonym 'John Peel' while working at the pirate radio station 'Radio London' during the 1960s. He is remembered by many as the BBC Radio One DJ who gave air-time to new bands, which otherwise may never have been heard. He was awarded the OBE in 1998.
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John C Pemberton was an American soldier. He was born in 1814 and died in 1881. He was graduated from the US Military Academy in 1837. He served against the Seminoles in Florida from 1837 to 1839. He was an aide on General Worth's staff during the Mexican War, and was promoted to major for services at Monterey and Molino del Rey. He joined the Confederates in 1861 as staff officer to General Johnston. In 1862 he was assigned command of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida and constructed Fort Wagner and Battery B. He received command in Mississippi, and in 1863 was defeated at Champion Hills and Vicksburg by General Grant, after commanding Vicksburg during its siege.
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John Penn was an English colonial governor. He was born in 1729 and died in 1795. He was Proprietary Governor of Pennsylvania from 1763 to 1771 and from 1773 to 1775. He attempted to be neutral during the American War of Independence.
John Penn was an American politician. He was born in 1741 and died in 1788. He represented North Carolina in the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776 and from 1778 to 1780. He signed the American Declaration of Independence. During the invasion of North Carolina by Charles Cornwallis he was placed at the head of public affairs in the State with almost dictatorial powers.
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John W Phelps was an American soldier and politician. He was born in 1813 at Vermont and died in 1885. He served during the Mexican War. In the American Civil War he commanded a brigade at Newport News, reduced Ship Island, and fought at New Orleans. He was the candidate of the American party for President in 1880.
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John Pierce St John was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kansas from 1879 until 1883.
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John Pierpont was an American poet. He was born in 1785 and died in 1866. He was an ardent reformer, in Massachusetts, and earnestly supported the temperance and anti-slavery movements. He wrote many poems, one of the most famous being 'Warren's Address at the Battle of Bunker Hill'.
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John Piper is an English painter born at Epsom in 1903.
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John Pitcairn was a Scottish solder. He was born in 1740 and died in 1775. He was for several years a British officer with the rank of major in Boston. He led the advance in the expedition to Lexington and Concord, and is said to have given the order to fire upon the militia at Lexington, although he denied the charge. He was killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill while leading the final assault.
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John Pope was an American politician. He was born in 1770 and died in 1845. He represented Kentucky in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1807 to 1813. He was Territorial Governor of Arkansas from 1829 to 1835. He represented Kentucky in the US Congress from 1837 to 1843.
John Pope was an American soldier. He was born in 1822 at Louisville, Kentucky and died in 1892. Educated at the military academy at West Point, he served with distinction in the Mexican War, and was also engaged at different times on surveying and engineering work including the exploration of Minnesota and the survey of the Pacific Railroad. In 1861 he received a command in Missouri. Shortly after the outbreak of the American Civil War he was appointed Brigadier-general in 1861, and was generally successful, until defeated by Lee and Jackson at the second Battle of Bull Run in 1862, a defeat for which John Pope blamed McCellan and Fitz-John Porter. At his request, John Pope was relieved of his command and transferred to the North-West Department to keep the Indians in subjection. He retired from the army in 1886.
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John Poulson was an English architect. He was born in 1910 at Ferrybridge, Yorkshire and died in 1992. After leaving school without qualifications he joined a firm of architects but failed his exams and was sacked in 1932. He then established his own firm of architects. In 1972 he filled for bankruptcy and in the investigation which followed it was discovered he had bribed politicians including the then Conservative Home Secretary - George Pottinger - and two leading labour members of parliament. He, George Pottinger and T Dan Smith were subsequently jailed for corruption.
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Sir John Powell was an English judge. He was born around 1660 and died about 1730. He was accurately described by Jonathan Swift as 'the merriest old gentleman I ever saw' and was a practical, compassionate and sensible champion of the women accused of witchcraft by the superstitious and ignorant of the time. It was John Powell who was instrumental in obtaining the abolition of the death penalty for witchcraft in England.
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John Cowper Powys was an English writer. He was born in 1872 and died in 1964.
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John Poyntz Spencer (5th Earl Spencer) was a British statesman. He was born in 1835 at London and died in 1910. The only son of the 4th Earl Spencer, he was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. He entered parliament and was in the House of Commons for a few months in 1857 before succeeding his father to the earldom and joining the household of the Prince Consort and the Prince of Wales.
In 1868 he became lord lieutenant of Ireland and retained his post, though without a seat in the Cabinet, until 1874. from 1880 until 1882 he was lord president of the council before in 1882 again going to Ireland. He followed Gladstone on the question of Home Rule and in 1886 was again lord president. Then until 1892 he was one of the opposition leaders in the House of Lords, becoming first lord of the admiralty.
A successful administrator, he was Gladstone's choice for a successor in 1894, but lost out to Lord Rosebery. In 1902 he became leader of his party in the House of Lords before in 1905 becoming partially paralysed retired from public life.
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Johan Printz was a Swedish colonial governor. He was born in 1600 and died in 1663. He went to America from Sweden, and was Governor of the Swedish colony on the Delaware from 1641 to 1654. His rule was marked by great military and commercial advancement.
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John Pym was an English parliamentary leader. He was born in 1584 and died in 1643. He opposed Charles I.
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John Q A Brackett was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Massachusetts from 1890 until 1891.
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John Quincy Adams was an American politician. He was born in 1767 at Boston and died in 1848.
The eldest son of John Adams, he was a boy of precocious talents, he was early taken abroad by his father, studied at the University of Leyden, and at fourteen began his public career as secretary to Francis Dana, Minister to Russia. He was graduated at Harvard in 1788, admitted to the bar in 1791, and at once began to write on public affairs. From 1794 to 1797 he was Minister to Holland; from 1797 to 1801, Minister to Prussia. In 1803, the Federalists elected him to the US Senate.
Approving Jefferson's embargo, he became estranged from the Federalists, acted with the Republicans, and in 1808 resigned. In 1809, Madison appointed him Minister to Russia, and in 1814 he was one of the commissioners who negotiated the treaty of Ghent; he then became Minister to England. From 1817 to 1825, he was Secretary of State to President Monroe. In the election of 1824, though he received but eighty-four electoral votes to ninety-nine for Jackson, he was, by a coalition of his friends with those of Clay, chosen President by the House of Representatives, becoming the sixth President of the United States.
He appointed Clay Secretary of State; Richard Rush Secretary of the Treasury;. James Barbour Secretary of War; Samuel L Southard Secretary of the Navy and William Wirt Attorney-General. John Calhoun was Vice-President. A cry of 'bargain and corruption' with Clay was raised, though without foundation.
Adams' administration was marked by intelligence and firmness, and by extreme integrity in all matters, especially that of appointments, but was made a stormy one by the bitter attacks of his enemies in Congress and by his own unbending and pugnacious character. He favoured protection and internal improvements at Federal expense. He failed to be re-elected in 1828. In 1831, still vigorous at sixty-four, he entered Congress as an independent member for the Quincy district in Massachusetts, which he continued to represent until his death. A model legislator, active and efficient in every valuable department of congressional business, his most memorable services were in behalf of the right of petition, threatened by the pro-slavery members, and in other assistance to the anti-slavery cause. He died at his post in the Capitol on February the 23rd, 1848. Twelve volumes of his diary have been published, abounding in information and acute though censorious judgments on the events of his long public career, and in evidence of his high character and patriotism.
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John R Thomspon was an American poet and journalist. He was born in 1823 at Virginia and died in 1873. He was editor of the Southern Literary Messenger from 1847 to 1859. He exerted a great influence upon Southern literary tastes and wrote 'The Burial of Latane', 'The Death of Stuart', and other poems popular in the American South.
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John R McKernan Jr was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1987 until 1995.
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John R Tanner was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Illinois from 1897 until 1901.
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John R Williams was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Arizona from 1967 until 1975.
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John Randolph was an American politician. He was born in 1773 and died in 1833. He was a near relative of Edmund Randolph and was educated at Princeton and Columbia. In 1799 entered the National House of Representatives from Virginia. Though very young, he soon became a leader on the Democratic side. His strict constructionism, however, was of the most thorough-going stamp, and he was frequently at variance with Jefferson and other party chiefs. Randolph was renowned for an eloquent satire of a peculiarly bitter kind, whose effect was enhanced by his personal eccentricities. He was foremost in the conflict against the Yazoo frauds and the Embargo. He also opposed Madison and the War of 1812. His career in the House lasted until 1825, with a break from 1813 to 1815. From 1825 to 1827 he was US Senator. He invented the epithet 'dough-faces' for Northern sympathizers with slavery, and styled the union of Adams and Clay a 'coalition between the blackleg and the Puritan', which remark led to a duel with Clay. President Jackson sent him in 1830 as US Minister to Russia, but his stay abroad was brief.
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John Rann, known as sixteen-string Jack, was an 18th century British highwayman. He was noted for his smart clothes, which included eight tags worn at each knee. He was hanged in 1774.
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John A Rawlins was an American jurist and politician. He was born in 1831 and died in 1869. He became a successful lawyer in Illinois. He ably defended the Union cause. He became an aide to Grant when commissioned brigadier-general in 1861, and served with him throughout the American Civil War. Although he knew nothing of military affairs at the beginning of the American Civil War, he showed remarkable executive ability and became General Grant's chief of staff in 1865. He exerted great influence over General Grant, and rendered valuable advice in many of the important manoeuvres. He was Secretary of War in Grant's Cabinet in 1869.
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John Ray was an English naturalist. He was born in 1627 and died in 1705. He was educated at Cambridge where he was successively appointed Greek lecturer, mathematical lecturer and humanity reader, but resigned his fellowship rather than sign the Act of Uniformity. Accompanied by his friend and former pupil, Francis Willughby, he travelled over the greater parts of the British Islands and the Continent collecting botanical and zoological specimens. He produced a classification of plants.
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John Reed was an American politician. He was born in 1781 and died in 1860. He represented Massachusetts in the US Congress as a Federalist from 1813 to 1817 and as a Whig from 1821 to 1841. He was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts from 1844 to 1851.
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John Reynolds was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Illinois from 1830 until 1834.
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Sir John Rigby was an English judge. He was born in 1834 and died in 1903. He graduated as second wrangler at Cambridge and became a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in 1860, QC in 1881 and member of parliament for North Cambridgeshire from 1885 to 1886, and for Forfar from 1892 to 1894. In 1892 he was appointed solicitor-general and in 1894 attorney-general, and also in the same year lord justice of appeal, a post he resigned in 1901.
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John Ritchie (Sid Vicious) was an English musician. He was born in 1957 at London and died in 1979 of a heroin overdose. As Sid Vicious he joined the punk rock band the 'Sex Pistols' as bass guitarist when Glen Matlock left the band, and immediately became a youth icon.
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Sir John Michael De Robeck was a British admiral. He was born in 1862 and died in 1928. He commanded the naval force at Dardanelles.
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John Roberts was an English billiard player. He was born in 1847 and died in 1919. He first won the world championship in 1875. He was one of the greatest billiard players of the time, setting a record of a break of 597 in 1900 with bonzoline balls. He stopped competing after the rules were changed in 1898.
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John Davison Rockefeller was an American capitalist. He was born in 1839 and died in 1937. He began a business as a commission agent at the age of 19 and in 1862 became connected with the oil business, building the Standard Oil Refinery at Cleveland, Ohio in 1865, this saw the start of the Standard oil Company of which he was president and through which he made a fortune. He gave more than $500 million in support of medical research and Baptist churches.
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John Rogers was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Populist governor of Washington from 1897 until 1901.
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John Rushworth was an English historian. He was born in 1612 and died in 1690. He was called to the bar in 1647. he frequented the Houses of Parliament, Star Chamber and council table to collect notes of important events, and became assistant clerk to the House of Commons in 1640. He was appointed secretary to the Council of War in 1650; accompanied Fairfax through his campaigns; was for a short time secretary to Oliver Cromwell in 1650; several times represented Berwick in Parliament; and died in a debtor's prison at Southwark. His 'Historical Collections' (1659 to 1701) afford valuable information concerning the English civil war.
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John Ruskin was a British writer and art critic. He was born in 1819 in London and died in 1900. He fits came into general notice with his work ' Modern Painters' and other treaties on the fine arts; in later life he was best known as a lecturer and essayist on ethics, education and philanthropy. At Oxford he won the Newdigate prize in 1839, with a poem on Salsette and Elephanta, and wrote a series of articles in London's Architectural Magazine on 'The Poetry of Architecture' under the pseudonym of 'Kata Phusin'.
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Lord John Russell (later the first Earl Russell) was a British statesman. he was born in 1792 at London and died in 1878. At the age of twenty-one he was elected to Parliament for Tavistock, and as early as 1819 he identified himself with the cause of parliamentary reform. He supported Catholic emancipation, and favoured the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts. He became leader of the opposition against Peel's government in 1841 and was later prime minister of a Whig government in 1846 until 1852.
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John Rutherfoord was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Virginia from 1841 until 1842.
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John Rutledge was an American politician. He was born in 1739 at South Carolina and died in 1800. He attended the Stamp Act Congress of 1765, and the First and Second Continental Congresses. He was in 1776 the president of the State Government and served as Governor from 1779 to 1782. He was also Chancellor of the State, and a member of the Federal Convention of 1787. John Rutledge ranked among the Federalist leaders. President George Washington appointed him in 1795 Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, but the nomination was rejected by the Senate.
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John S Barry was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Michigan during 1850.
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John S Battle was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Virginia from 1950 until 1954.
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John S Fine was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1951 until 1955.
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John S Fisher was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1927 until 1931.
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John S Marmaduke was an American soldier and politician. He was born in 1833 and died in 1887. He was promoted major-general in the Confederate service, and fought at Shiloh, Little Rock and Fort Scott. He was elected Governor of Missouri in 1884, and served until his death.
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John S McKiernan was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Rhode Island from 1950 until 1951.
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John S Phelps was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Missouri from 1877 until 1881.
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John S Pillsbury was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Minnesota from 1876 until 1882.
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John S Robinson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Vermont from 1853 until 1854.
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John G Saxe was an American journalist and poet. He was born in 1816 and died in 1887. He was prominent in journalism, but won distinction by his poems, mostly humorous.
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John M'Allister Schofield was an American general. He was born in 1831 at Chautauqua County and died in 1906. He served in the Atlanta campaign during the American Civil War, commanding at the Battle of Franklin in 1864. He was secretary for war from 1868 to 1869 and commander of the US army from 1888 to 1895.
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John M Scott was an American insurgent. He was born in 1730 and died in 1784. He was one of the founders of the Sons of Liberty. He advocated extreme measures against England. He commanded a brigade at Long Island, and represented New York in the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1783.
John Scott, Earl of Eldon was Lord-chancellor of England. He was was born in 1751 at Newcastle-on-Tyne and died in 1838. His father was a coal-dealer and public-house keeper of means. He was educated with his brother William (afterwards Lord Stowell) at Newcastle, and at Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship. He was called to the bar in 1776, and in 1782 was made king's counsel. Next year he entered parliament, supported Pitt, and was made solicitor-general, and knighted. In 1792 he purchased the estate of Eldon. In 1793 he became attorney-general, and in 1799 was created chief-justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and raised to the peerage and the House of Lords by the title of Baron Eldon. On the accession of the Addington ministry he became lord-chancellor in 1801, and retained this post under the subsequent administration of Pitt until the death of the latter in 1806. A year later, however, he resumed the chancellorship under Liverpool, and held it without break for twenty years. In 1821 he was created an earl by George IV. On the accession of the Canning ministry in 1827 he resigned the chancellorship, and never again held office. As a lawyer he was a master of English jurisprudence; as a politician he was opposed to reform, and by no means free from the charge of servility and intrigue.
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John Sebastian Little was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1907 until 1909.
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John Sedgwick was an American soldier/ he was born in 1813 and died in 1864. He graduated from West Point in 1837, and served in the Seminole War and Mexican War. In the opening phase of the American Civil War he led a brigade in the Army of the Potomac, and commanded a division at Fair Oaks, the Seven Days' Battles, and Antietam. He was a corps general at Chancellorsville, and directed the left wing at Gettysburg. In November, 1863, he captured a Confederate division at the River Rapidan. In the terrible fighting of the Wilderness General Sedgwick was as usual foremost, and was killed at Spottsylvania.
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John Seldon Roane was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1849 until 1852.
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John Sergeant was an American politician. He was born in 1779 and died in 1853. He represented Pennsylvania in the US Congress as a Federalist from 1815 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837 to 1842. He was the Whig candidate for the Vice-Presidency in 1832, on the ticket with Clay.
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John Sevier was an American pioneer and politician. He was born in 1745 at Virginia and died in 1815. He is remembered in America as one of the chief pioneers of the West. From his early years he was a dedicated Indian fighter. He was present at the battle of Point Pleasant in 1774, and was one of the commanders at King's Mountain in 1780. When the Tennessee district of North Carolina in 1784 declared its independence as the State of Franklin, it chose John Sevier for Governor. He assumed the office but the temporary State was soon taken back. Sevier became Congressman in 1790, When Tennessee finally entered the Union he was its first Governor, serving from 1796 to 1803. He was again Congressman from 1811 to 1815.
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John Sherman was an American statesman. He was born in 1823 at Lancaster, Ohio and died in 1900. The brother of General William Sherman, having been a surveyor, he settled to the practice of law at Mansfield, Ohio before entering politics He entered the House of Representatives in 1855 and was the Republican candidate for Speaker in 1859, and was chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. In 1861 he entered the US Senate. He was foremost in the financial and other measures, and personally recruited an Ohio brigade. For several years he was chairman of the important Finance Committee. He visited Louisiana at the time of the Tilden-Hayes excitement, and in 1877 left the Senate to enter President Hayes' Cabinet. During his administration of the Treasury Department occurred the Resumption of Specie Payments in 1879, for which Secretary Sherman had made careful preparation. In 1881 he re-entered the Senate. He became Secretary of State in McKinley's Cabinet on March the 4th 1897.
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John Shore (Baron Teignmouth) was a British statesman. He was born in 1751 and died in 1834. Educated ay Harrow he joined the East India Company in 1769, becoming a member of the supreme council in 1787 and in 1793 governor general. He was made the first baron Teignmouth on his retirement in 1798.
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John G Simcoe was a British soldier. He was born in 1752 and died in 1806. He went to America as a British soldier and commanded a regiment at Brandywine. He organized the Queen's Rangers, which were active in the South and surrendered with Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown.
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John Singleton Copley was an eminent American portrait painter. He was born in 1737 at Boston and died in 1815. In 1775, after a year spent studying in Italy, he established himself in London, and was shortly afterward chosen a member of the Royal Academy. His painting, 'The Death of Lord Chatham', is the most famous of his numerous productions. Lord Lyndhurst, Lord Chancellor of England, was his son.
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John Skelton was an English poet. He was born in 1460 at Diss and died in 1529.
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John Slidell was an American jurist and politician. He was born about 1793 and died in died 1871. A Louisiana lawyer, and Congressman from that State in 1843 to 1845, he was sent as US. Minister to Mexico in 1845, but was not received. From 1853 to 1861 he was a prominent member of the US Senate, on the State-rights side. Having joined the Confederacy, John Slidell was despatched as commissioner to France. With the other Confederate commissioner, Mason, he was seized en route by the American naval commander, Wilkes. Having been released, he continued his voyage to France, but did not induce the Government to side openly with the South. He settled in England after the American Civil War.
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John Smeaton was an English engineer. He was born in 1724 at Austhorpe, near Leeds and died in 1792. He showed a talent for mechanics as a young man and although educated for the bar turned his attention to the manufacture of scientific instruments and writing engineering papers for the Royal Society, winning the Royal Society gold medal in 1759 for his paper on wind and water mills. John Smeaton made a special study of canal and harbour construction, and in 1755 he was employed to replace the second Eddystone lighthouse, a project he completed in 1759. he built a number of bridges, including those at Perth, Banff and Coldstream, and constructed the Forth and Clyde canal. In 1771 he founded an engineering club which eventually became the Institution of Civil Engineers.
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John Smith was an American politician. He was born in 1735 and died in 1816. He represented Ohio in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1803 to 1808. He was charged with being connected with Burr and Blennerhasset, but it was not proved.
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Sir John Soane was an English architect and collector. He was born in 1753 near Reading and died in 1837. The son of a builder, he studied at the Academy Schools before going abroad to continue his studies. In 1788 the Bank of England was entirely rebuilt to his designs. In 1802 he was elected to the Royal Academy and a few years later became Professor of Architecture at the Royal Academy. After the death of his wife in 1815, Soane dedicated his time to collecting works of art and constructing a museum in his house as an aid to amateur and professional students alike.
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John Somers (Baron Somers) was an English statesman. He was born in 1651 at Claines near Worcester and died in 1716. Educated at worcester Cathedral School and at Trinity College, Oxford he entered the Middle Templ in 1669. An acknowledged expert in civil law he was one of the counsel for the 'Seven Bishops', his powerful pleading and wide learning practically deciding the case. In the Parliament of 1688 he took an important part in framing the Declaration of Right. John Somers was knighted in 1690 by William III who viewed John Somers as one of his most trusted ministers. In 1693 he was appointed lord keeper and in 1697 lord chancellor when he was also made Baron Somers of Evesham. He was attacked by the Tories and deprived of the Great Seal in 1700, impeached by the Commons in 1701, byt was acquitted by the Lords. Queen Anne was hostile towards him, but under George I he became a member of the privy council and had a seat in the cabinet office without office in 1714.
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John Philip Sousa was an American composer. He was born in 1854 at Washington and died in 1932. He is famous for his military marches.
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John Sparks was an American politician. He was a Silver-Democratic governor of Nevada from 1903 until 1908.
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John Hanning Speke was a British explorer who for many years was believed to have discovered the source of the River Nile - in fact the real source of the River Nile was not discovered until 2006, some 65 miles away. He was born in 1827 and died in 1864 after accidentally shooting himself. In 1854 he accompanied Sir Richard Burton into Somaliland. In 1857 he and Burton made another journey from Zanzibar and in 1862 he made his way to Victoria Nyanza with Grant and established the misconception that the Nile is an outlet of the lake, an idea which remained until proven otherwise in 2006, when the source of the Nile was confirmed in Rwanda's Nyungwe Forest by the British explorer Neil McGrigor.
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John Spottiswoode was a Scottish prelate. He was born in 1565 at Lothian and died in 1639. Educated at Glasgow university he succeeded his father as minister at Calder in 1583, and on the death of the Archbishop Beaton of Glasgow, was chosen as his successor. In 1610 he was moderator of the general assembly of the Church of Scotland, and in 1615 he became archbishop of St Andrews and primate of Scotland. He crowned Charles I at Holyrood in 1633 and in 1635 was made lord chancellor of Scotland. After his death he was buried at Westminster Abbey in London.
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Sir John Gordon Sprigg was a South African statesman. He was born in 1830 at Ipswich and died in 1913. In 1858 he settled in Cape Colony, where he became a journalist and politician. He entered the house of assembly in 1873, and became prime minister in 1874, resigning in 1881. He was prime minister again from 1886 until 1890, from 1896 until 1898 and from 1900 until 1904 when he was defeated in the elections and subsequently retired from politics. He was knighted in 1902.
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John P St John was an American politician. He was born in 1833 and died after 1897. He served during the American Civil War, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He served in the Kansas Senate from 1873 to 1874, and was Governor of Kansas from 1878 to 1882. He was the candidate of the Prohibition party for President of the United States in 1884.
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Sir John Stainer was an English composer and organist. He was born in 1840 at London and died in 1901. He was organist at St Paul's Cathedral from 1872 to 1878 and was knighted in 1888. He became professor of music at Oxford in 1889.
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John Stanwix was an English soldier. He was born in 1690 and died in 1765. He went to America from England in 1756 as commander of a battalion and was assigned command in the Southern District. In 1758 he constructed the important fortress called Fort Stanwix at the Oneida carrying-place on the Mohawk River. In 1759 he repaired old Fort Du Quesne at Pittsburgh. He returned to England in 1760.
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John Stark was an American soldier. He was born in 1728 at New Hampshire and died in 1822. He was a hero of the Indian border warfare, and was at one time captured. He fought in the French and Indian War, and was active in the American Revolution, being one of the principal leaders at Bunker Hill. He served in Canada, at Trenton and Princeton, and resigned in 1777. But the danger of Burgoyne's invasion called out the New Hampshire militia, and they demanded John Stark as a commander. At Bennington, on August the 16th, 1777, John Stark overthrew the Hessian detachment, and in this way powerfully contributed to the catastrophe of Saratoga. He was made a brigadier-general, and served until the close of, the war.
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Sir John Steell was a Scottish sculptor. He was born in 1804 at Aberdeen and died in 1891. He was apprenticed at Edinburgh as a wood-carver and studied sculptor at Rome, and created a number of sculptures chiefly displayed in Edinburgh.
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John Ernest Steinbeck was an American novelist. He was born in 1902 and died in 1968.
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John Sterling was a Scottish author. He was born in 1806 at Kames Castle and died in 1844. The son of Captain Edward Sterling, he was educated ay Glasgow University and Trinity College, Cambridge before in 1828 becoming a part proprietor of The Athenaeum. Health problems with his lungs led to him going to St Vincent as a manager of a sugar plantation, but fifteen months later he returned to Britain, took orders, and for a short time was a curate.
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John Stevens was an Irish soldier and writer. He died in 1726. A captain in the army of James II during his unsuccessful campaign in Ireland, he escaped attainder and went to London where from about 1695 he supported himself as a writer, writing notably about the history of Spain and producing translations from Spanish, Portuguese, Latin and French. In 1706 he compiled an English-Spanish Spanish-English dictionary.
John Stevens was an american engineer. He was born in 1749 and died in 1838. He made valuable discoveries in steam navigation. He constructed a boat propelled by screws in 1804. He conceived the idea of a railway system for America and devised the first locomotive in America.
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John Stoughton was an English divine and historian. He was born in 1807 at Norwich and died in 1897. Educated at Norwich grammar school, he abandoned a career in law and instead trained at Highbury for the Congregational ministry, and in 1833 became the minister of a church at Windsor. In 1843 he moved to Kensington, and lived there until 1875. In 1856 he was chairman of the Congregational Union, and from 1872 until 1874 professor at New College, Hampstead.
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John Stow was an English historian. He was born in 1525 at London and died in 1605 of stone colic. The son of Thomas Stow, a tallow chandler, John Stow became a tailor at Aldgate but from about 1560 devoted himself to antiquarian research and book collecting. In 1569 he was reported to the authorities for posessing 38 dangerous works of superstition. His chief works include notable summaries of old English chronicles and a valuable survey he conducted of London between 1598 and 1603.
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John Strange Winter was the pseudonym of the British novelist Henrietta Stannard.
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John Stringfellow was an English lace maker and inventor. He was born in 1799 at Attercliffe, Yorkshire and died in 1883. After becoming a lace maker he moved to Chard in Somerset where, together with William Henson, he conducted research into powered flight, and in 1848 at a disused lace factory made the first powered aeroplane flight - fifty years before the Wright brothers - with a twin propeller monoplane not unlike a modern monoplane, further flights were done at London with the aircraft flying a distance of 36 meters.
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John Stuart, Earl of Bute was a British statesman. He was born in 1713 in Scotland and died in 1792. He acquired great influence over Frederick, Prince of Wales, and was appointed chamberlain to his son, afterwards George III, through whose favour he became secretary of state, and ultimately, in 1762, primeminister. For a time Pitt and Newcastle alike had to give way to his influence, but though possessing the full confidence of the king he was unpopular with the people, and in 1763 he suddenly resigned his office, and retired from public affairs to spend his leisure in literary and scientific pursuits, particularly in botany.
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John Sturges was an American film director and film producer. He was born in 1911 at Oak Park, Illinois and died in 1992 of a heart attack and emphysema. Among the classic films he directed were the 1960 'The Magnificent Seven', the 1963 'The Great Escape', the 1965 'The Satan Bug', the 1968 'Ice Station Zebra' and the 1976 'The Eagle Has Landed'.
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Sir John Suckling was an English poet. He was born in 1609 at Whitton, Middlesex and died in 1642. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge he was admitted to Gray's Inn, and after inheriting large estates travelled in France and Italy, and served under Gustavus Adolphus. Knighted in 1630 he became conspicuous at court for his wit, prodigality and addiction to gaming. He raised a troop of horse to assist Charles I against the Scots, and was member of parliament for Bramber. Implicated in a Royalist army plot, he escaped to Paris, where he is said to have committed suicide. The invention of the game of cribbage is attributed to Sir John Suckling.
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John Sullivan was an American soldier and politician. He was born in 1740 at Maine and died in 1795. He was a major in the Maine militia before the American War of Independence, and was appointed brigadier-general in 1775. he was engaged in the siege of Boston and in Canada in the unsuccessful attack of Three Rivers. He became a major general in 1776, and was one of the principal commanders in the Battle of Long Island and in the autumn campaign of 1776 fought at Trenton and Princeton, and made a raid on Staten Island. He led the right flank at Brandywine and Germantown, and won the Battle of Butts Hill in Rhode Island in 1778. In 1779 he ravaged the country of the Six Nations. He served in Congress, and was a Federalist governor of New Hampshire from 1789 until 1790.
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John Bird Sumner was a British divine. He was born in 1780 at Kenilworth and died in 862. Educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge in 1802 he became a master at Eton and in 1803 was ordained. He was rector of Mapledurham from 1818 until 1825, and in 1828 was chosen bishop of Chester ad in 1848 archbishop of Canterbury.
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John Sutter was an American colonist. He was born in 1803 and died in 1880. He went to America from Baden in 1834. In 1841 he founded a settlement on the present site of Sacramento. The first gold in California was found on his estate in 1848.
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John Macallan Swan was a British sculptor and painter. He was born in 1847 at Old Brentford and died in 1910. He studied at the Worcester, Lambeth and RA schools and in Paris under Gerome and Fremiet. He is mainly known as a painter and sculptor of animals, but was also an accomplished painter of the human form. He became ARA in 1894 and RA in 1905.
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John Symonds was an English writer. He was born in 1840 at Bristol and died in 1893. Educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford he won the Newdigate prize and an open fellowship at Magdalen.
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John Millington Synge was an Irish dramatist. He was born in 1871 at Rathfranham and died in 1909. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin he travelled on the continent and lived for some time in the Latin Quarter of Paris and went to the Aran Isles and Galway Bay to study the life of the peasants.
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