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S S Marble was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1887 until 1889.
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S V Stewart was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Montana from 1913 until 1921.
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S W T Lanham was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Texas from 1903 until 1907.
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The Saami (Lapp) are a group of herding people living in north Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula, and numbering about 46,000. Some are nomadic, others lead a more settled way of life. They live by herding reindeer, hunting, fishing, and producing handicrafts. Their language belongs to the Finno- Ugric family. Their religion is basically animist, but incorporates elements of Christianity.
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The Sabaeans were a South Arabian people who attained a position of great wealth and importance as the commercial intermediaries between the East and the Mediterranean lands. They were especially flourishing from the 11th to the 1st century BC; and as early as 1000 BC. They had numerous colonies on the African mainland, and laid the foundations of the Ethiopian empire. Around the 8th century BC they were tributary to Assyria, and around the period of the foundation of the Roman empire they became subordinate to, though allied with the Himyarites; and from the 2nd to the 7th century AD they were subject to Abyssinia.
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Sabine Baring-Gould was an English author or numerous hymns and novels. He was born in 1834 at Exeter and died in 1924. Educated at Cambridge, he held several livings in the English Church, being one time rector of Lew Trenchard, Devon. He wrote with success on theological and miscellaneous subjects, and latterly distinguished himself as a novelist. Among his works are: Iceland, its Scenes and Sagas; Curious Myths of the Middle Ages; the Origin and Development of Religious Belief; Lives of the Saints (in 15 volumes); Village Sermons; The Vicar of Morwenstowe (an account of the Rev. R. S. Hawker); The Mystery of Suffering, etc; besides the novels Mehalah, John Herring, Richard Cable, The Gave-rocks, Court Royal, etc; and short stories or novelettes.
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The Sabines were an ancient people of central Italy. They had their daughters taken away by the Romans under Romulus, and were finally defeated by Curius Dentatus in 290 BC.
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The sacs or Sauks were a North American Indian tribe forming a branch of the Algonquin family. They were originally based on the upper St Lawrence. They were driven beyond Lake Michigan by the Iroquois and settled near Green Bay, where they subsequently joined with the Foxes. They aided Pontiac, and during the American Revolution supported the English. In 1812, the Rock River Sacs aided Great Britain. In 1804 and 1816 they ceded lands. Their later history is that of the Foxes.
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Saddam Hussein At-Tikriti was an Iraqi socialist politician. He was born in 1937 at Tikrit and died in 2006. In 1957 he joined the Ba'th Socialist party. He entered the Iraqi parliament when the Ba'thists took control in a coup in 1968 and in 1972 was responsible for the nationalisation of Iraq's oil industry. In 1979 he became President of Iraq, a position he held until Iraq was invaded by the USA supported by Britain in 2003. Following the American-led invasion he was arrested, put through a show trial and executed.
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In Yorkshire it was customary for criminals condemned to execution to stop at a certain tavern in York for a last drink, or 'parting draught'. One such felon, the Saddler of Bawtry refused the offer of a drink and was subsequently hanged, his reprieve arriving a few minutes too late. Had he stopped at the tavern and accepted his last drink, his reprieve would have reached him and his life would have been saved.
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Camille Saint-Saens was a French composer. He was born in 1835 in Paris and died in 1921.
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Saivas are worshippers of Siva; one of the two great sections of the Hindus. They are distinguished from the Vaishnavas by the marks on their foreheads - three horizontal white or grey lines.
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Sir Saiyid Ahmad was an Indian educational reformer. He was born in 1817 at Delhi and died in 1898. His family, of Muslim Afghan origin, had held office in Delhi under the Moguls, and he was the leader of the Muslims in India, using his influence to promote understanding between the British and the Muslims, even encouraging his Muslims to study English and advocating a modernized educational system.
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The Sakai are an aboriginal people of the Malay peninsular.
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The Saktas are a sect of Hindus who worship the yoni, or female principle, according to the Tantras. They are divided into two classes - the Dakshina Chari, or right-hand worshippers; and the Vama Chari or left-hand worshippers. The Saktas hold that the great aim of life is the extinction of desire, which they aim for through exhaustion or gratification, which includes orgies at which the Sakti, or female vigour, is personated by a naked virgin.
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Saladin was sultan of Egypt and Syria. He was born in 1137 and died in 1193. He conquered Jerusalem in 1187 and caused the 3rd crusade to take place.
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The Saladoids were the first inhabitants of Statia arriving in great sea- going canoes from South America before the end of the 15th century.
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Sir Salar Jung was an Indian statesman. He was born in 1829 and died in 1883. Of a family famous under the Moguls, he succeeded his uncle as prime minister under the nizam in 1853. He reorganised the Arab mercenaries and used them to suppress robbers and lawless nobles; he then went on to organise a police force, establish courts of justice, and improve education and agriculture. His loyalty to the British during the mutiny was invaluable in the Deccan.
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The Salish (nicknamed 'Flatheads') are a North American Indian tribe of the Salishan family found in British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, Montana and Oregon. The Salish are a tribe of plateau Indians, typical of inland hunting Indians. Upon contact with Europeans they engaged in fur trading and relations were generally friendly. They were visited by Roman Catholic missionaries during the 1840's and signed a treaty with the USA in 1955 which assigned them a reservation around Flathead Lake in Montana.
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Sallust was a Roman historian. He was born in 86BC and died in 35BC.
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Salmon Portland Chase was an American politician. He was born in 1808 at Cornish, New Hampshire and died in 1873. After graduating from Dartmouth college in 1826 he studied law and after becoming first a school teacher was admitted to the bar in 1829. He became involved with a political anti-slavery movement, was one of the leaders of the Liberty party and of the later Free-Soil party and acted as legal counsel for fugitive slaves. He was a Republican governor of Ohio from 1856 until 1860, and also a US senator, secretary of the treasury and chief justice of the United States.
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Salomon August Andree was a Swedish balloonist. He was born in 1854 at Grenna and died in 1897. In 1897 he left Danes Island, Spitsbergen on an expedition to reach the North Pole by balloon with two companions, and was never seen again.
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Salvador Allende was a radical Chilean Marxist democrat leader who became president in 1970, but was killed in a military coup in 1973.
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Salvador Dali is a Spanish painter. He was born in 1904. He is a surrealist painter.
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Salvator Rosa was an Italian painter, etcher and poet. He was born in 1615 at Arenella and died in 1673. He studied at Naples under Ribera and went to Rome in 1634 where he became popular. He left Rome for Florence in 1643 and stayed there until he returned to Rome in 1652, staying in Rome until his death.
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Sam A Baker was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Missouri from 1925 until 1929.
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Sam C Ford was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Montana from 1941 until 1949.
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Sam H Jones was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana from 1940 until 1944.
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Sam Houston was an American soldier and politician. He was born in 1793 near Lexington, Virginia and died in 1863. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Tennessee from 1827 until 1829 and a life-long supporter of the cause of the Cherokee Indians with whom he lived when young.
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The Samaghirs are a division of the Tunguses people, living about the northern affluents of the Amur River.
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The Samaritans were a people settled in Samaria by the Assyrian Kings to replace the indigenous population which had been captured by Sargon.
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The Samburu are a pastoral people of mixed Hamitic stock inhabiting northern Kenya.
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Samoset was a chief of the Pemaquid Indians in Maine. He was born about 1590. He learned English from the colonists of Monhegan Island, sent out by Sir Ferdinando Gorges. Soon after the landing of the Pilgrims he entered Plymouth, saying, 'Welcome, Englishmen'. He brought Squantoy who had visited England, to act as interpreter, and manifested a friendly interest toward the colonists.
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The Samoyedes are a Mongolian race of Ural-Altaic stock, inhabiting the tundras of north east Europe and Siberia. They are nomadic, dwelling in tents or huts and hunting and fishing. They were described in 1588 by Giles Fletcher as eaters of raw flesh, black haired and beardless, men and women alike wearing shirts, breeches and boots made of seal-skin.
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Samuel Adams was an American politician. He was born in 1722 at Boston, Massachusetts and died in 1803. A second cousin to John Adams, the second President of the USA, Samuel Adams was educated at Harvard and briefly studied law. After failing in business and as a tax collector, he became politically involved in Massachusetts, campaigning against taxation from Britain and played a role instigating the Stamp Act riots in Boston. A later signatory of the Declaration of Independence, he was lieutenant governor of Massachusetts from 1789 to 1794 and governor from 1794 until 1797.
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Samuel Austin Allibone was an American author. He was born in 1816 and died in 1889. He compiled a most useful Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors published in three volumes in 1859, 1870 and 1871.
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Sir Samuel Argall was a British adventurer. He was born in 1572 and died in 1639. He went to Virginia in 1609 and in 1612 was responsible for the abduction of Pocahontas. In 1613 he commanded an expedition which destroyed Port Royal, Acadia. From 1617 to 1619 he was deputy-governor of Virginia, but was so cruel and evil he was recalled to England.
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Samuel Armstrong was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Massachusetts from 1835 until 1836. Samuel Chapman Armstrong was an American soldier and educator. He was born in 1839 at Hawaii and died in 1893. He was educated at Oahu College and Williams College. In 1862, after the outbreak of the American Civil war, he joined the Union army. In 1864 he was commissioned colonel of a black regiment, which he commanded for two years. In 1866 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. In Hampton and in 1868 he founded, for the education of blacks, the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, now Hampton Institute, and served as its president until his death.
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Samuel Ashe was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of North Carolina from 1795 until 1798.
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Samuel B Maxey was an American politician. He was born in 1825 and died in 1895. He served during the Mexican War, and was made major-general in the Confederate service. He represented Texas in the US Senate as a Democrat, from 1875 to 1887
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Samuel B Moore was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama during 1831.
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Samuel Bagster was an English publisher. He was born in 1772 and died in 1851. He was a founder of the firm of Bagster & Sons, celebrated for their bibles. He began business as a London bookseller in 1794, and soon turned his attention to the publication of bibles, bringing out a Hebrew bible, the Septuagint (Greek) version, and the English version, with 60,000 parallel references, followed by his great polyglot bible, which in its final form showed eight languages at the opening of the volume. Separate versions in different languages were also brought out, with various other aids to the study of Scripture; a polyglot Book of Common Prayer, in eight languages; etc.
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Si Samuel White Baker was an English traveller. He was born in 1821 and died in 1893. He resided some years in Sri Lanka; in 1861 began his African travels, which lasted several years, in the Upper Nile regions, and resulted, among other discoveries, in that of Albert Nyanza lake in 1864, and of the exit of the White Nile from it. In Africa he encountered Speke and Grant after their discovery of the Victoria Nyanza. On his return home he was received with great honour and was knighted. In 1869 he returned to Africa as head of an expedition sent by the Khedive of Egypt to annex and open up to trade a large part of the newly explored country, being raised to the dignity of pasha. He returned in 1873, having finished his work, and was succeeded by the celebrated Gordon. Since then he travelled much. His writings include: The Rifle and the Hound in Ceylon ; Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon; The Albert Nyanza, etc; The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia; Ismailia: a Narrative of the Expedition to Central Africa; Cyprus as I saw it in 1879; also, Cast up by the Sea, a story published in 1869.
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Samuel Bamford was an English social reformer and poet. He was born in 1788 at Middleton in Lancashire and died in 1872. A weaver, he championed the cause for an improvement in the working conditions for the working class, a cause that led to him being arrested and imprisoned.
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Samuel Barber was an American composer. He was born in 1910 at West Chester and died in 1981. He trained at the Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia. One of the best-known American composers of the neo-romantic school, he received the Prix de Rome in 1935, Pulitzer Travelling Scholarships in music in 1935 and 1936, a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1945, and the Pulitzer Prize for music in 1958 and 1963. Among his compositions for orchestra are the overture to The School for Scandal written in 1933, Adagio for Strings written in 1936, and two symphonies written in 1936 and 1944; concertos for violin written in 1940, cello written in 1945, and piano written in 1962; and the ballets Medea written in 1946. He also composed works for chorus, chamber ensemble, and piano, and he is noted for his songs. His first opera, Vanessa written in 1958, has been recorded. His second opera, Anthony and Cleopatra written in 1966, was commissioned for the opening performance at the new Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
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Samuel Augustus Barnett was a British Socialist, social reformer and churchman. He was born in 1844 at Bristol and died in 1913. Educated at Wadham College, Oxford, he was for five years curate of St Mary's, Bryanston Square assisting Octavia Hill in her philanthropic work. From 1872 until 1894 he was vicar of St Jude's, Whitechapel and in 1893 was appointed canon of Bristol, in 1906 canon of Westminster and in 1913 sub-dean of Westminster. Samuel Barnett was concerned with the poor-law, housing and educational reform, he was a virtual founder of Toynbee Hall, the first university settlement of which he was warden from 1884 until 1906, and president until his death. He originated the Children's Country Holiday Fund formulated in 1902. He co-wrote the 1888 book 'Practicable Socialism' and other titles on social reform.
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Samuel Barrington was a British admiral who gained distinction during the Seven Years War. He was born in 1729 and died in 1800. He entered the navy at the age of ten and served under Hawke in the Basque Roads, 1757, and under Rodney at Havre-de-Grace, 1759, and with Keppel at Belle Isle in 1761. As commander-in-chief of the West Indies station he took part in the capture of St Lucia in 1778 and the action off Grenada. In 1787 he was made an admiral.
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Samuel Bell was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of New Hampshire from 1819 until 1823.
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Samuel Bigger was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Indiana from 1840 until 1843.
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Samuel John Lamorna Birch was an English landscape painter. He was born in 1869 and died in 1955.
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Samuel Bochart was a French theologian and Oriental scholar. He was born in 1599 at Rouen and died in 1667 at Caen where he was the Protestant clergyman.
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Samuel Bough was an English painter. He was born in 1822 near Carlisle and died in 1878. He was a self-taught painter, first of theatrical scenery at Manchester and Glasgow, before proceeding to landscapes, mainly in water- colours.
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Samuel Butler was a British satirist and poet. He was born in 1612 and died in 1680. He wrote ' Hudibras'.
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Samuel C Reid was an American sailor. He was born in 1783 and died in 1861. He commanded the privateer General Armstrong, and fought at the Battle of Fayal in 1814 with a British squadron. He designed the US flag.
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Samuel C Crafts was an American politician. He was a National-Republican governor of Vermont from 1828 until 1831.
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Samuel Champlain was a French naval officer. He was born in 1570 and died in 1635. His exploits in the maritime war against Spain in 1595 caught the attention of Henry IV who in 1603 commissioned him to found establishments in North America. He made three voyages to found establishments in North America, the last founded Quebec, and in 1620 he was appointed Governor of Canada.
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Samuel Chase was an American patriot. He was born in 1741 at Maryland and died in 1811. He was a signer of the American Declaration of Independence and was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 until 1778. He became Chief Justice of the General Court of Maryland in 1791, and was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1796. In 1804 he was impeached by the House of Representatives, on the ground of Federalist partisanship, but the Senate failed to sustain the charges.
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Samuel Clemens was the real name of Mark Twain, the American writer.
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Samuel Franklin Cody was an American aviator. He was born in 1861 and died in 1913. He came to England in 1908 and invented a successful biplane in 1909. He was aeronautical advisor to the War Office and won its aeroplane competition in 1912. He was killed in an air crash near Aldershot.
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an English poet and philosopher. He was born in 1772 at Ottery St Mary in Devon and died in 1834. Sent to school at Christ's Hospital, to which he had obtained a presentation, the young Coleridge showed little interest in sports, and was noted for his dreamy manner, making considerable progress in classical studies, and was known as a devourer of metaphysical and theological works. After Christ's Hospital he went with a scholarship to Jesus College, Cambridge, where he remained for two years, achieving just the Browne medal for a Greek ode in 1792. Suddenly quitting Cambridge in a fit of uncertainty about the future and depression Coleridge enlisted in the 15th Dragoons. He was rescued from the army by friends, and took up residence in Bristol with two friends. The three friends married three sisters in 1795, and in 1796 Coleridge moved to Nether Stowey in Somerset, where in the soothing companionship of William Wordsworth he wrote much of his best poetry. He is best remembered for his poem the Ancient Mariner, but was also an
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Samuel Colt was an American inventor. He was born in 1814 at Hartford, Connecticut and died in 1862. He ran away from home and joined the navy, and later patented the first successful percussion revolver first in England in 1835 and later in America in 1836.
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Samuel Cony was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1864 until 1867.
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Samuel Cooper was an American soldier. He was born in 1798 and died in 1876. From 1815 he was an officer in the US army and was adjutant-general from 1852 until 1861. Resigning, he then became adjutant-general and inspector-general of the Confederate army.
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Samuel Cousins was an English mezzotint engraver. He was born in 1801 at Exeter and died in 1887. On his death he bequeathed œ15,000 to the Academy in trust for poor artists.
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Samuel Crompton was an English inventor born in 1753 he died in 1827. He invented the spinning-mule in 1779.
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Sir Samuel Cunard was the founder of the Cunard shipping line. He was born in Wales in 1787 and died in 1865.
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Samuel R Curtis was an American soldier. He was born in 1807 and died in 1866. An Ohio lawyer from 1841 to 1846, he became adjutant-general of militia in 1846, and during the Mexican War commanded at Camarago against General Urrea. He was a Congressman from Iowa from 1857 to 1861, when he was commissioned brigadier-general and gained a great victory at Pea Ridge, Arkansas He commanded Fort Leavenworth during the Price raid in 1864, and was US Commissioner to negotiate Indian treaties.
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Samuel D Felker was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Hampshire from 1913 until 1915.
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Samuel D McEnery was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana from 1881 until 1888.
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Samuel Dale was an American army scout. He was born in 1772 and died in 1841. He became a US army scout in 1793 and commanded a battalion against the Creeks in 1814. He was appointed with Colonel George Gaines to remove the Choctaw Indians to their reservations on the Arkansas and Red Rivers.
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Samuel Daniel was a British poet. He was born in 1562 and died in 1619. He wrote 'Defence of Ryme'.
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Samuel de Champlain was a French navigator. He was born in 1567 and died in 1635. In 1599 he sailed in the 'St Julien' for the West Indies, and returned by way of the Isthmus of Panama, across which he conceived the plan of a ship-canal. In 1603 and 1604 in two voyages, he explored the St Lawrence River. Between 1604 and 1606 he explored and mapped the coast of America as far as Cape Cod. On his next voyage he founded Quebec in 1608. In 1609 he joined the Montagnais against the Iroquois. They ascended the Sorel River and entered the lake to which he gave his own name.
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Samuel Dexter was an American politiican. He was born in 1761 and died in 1816. A noted lawyer of Massachusetts, he was successively, for short periods in 1800 and 1801, Secretary of War and of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President John Adams.
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Samuel Dinsmoor was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Hampshire from 1831 until 1834.
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Samuel Dinsmoor Jr. was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Hampshire from 1849 until 1852.
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Samuel E Pingree was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1884 until 1886.
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Samuel E Smith was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maine from 1831 until 1834.
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Samuel Elbert was an American politician. He was a governor of Georgia from 1785 until 1786.
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Samuel F Miller was an American jurist and politician. He was born in 1816 and died in 1890. He was an ardent anti-slavery advocate and a Republican leader in Iowa. He was a Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1862 to 1890, and was regarded by many as its leading member.
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Samuel A Foote was an American politician. He was born in 1780 and died in 1846. He was a Representative from Connecticut in the US Congress from 1819 to 1821 and 1823 to 1825; was Speaker of the State Legislature from 1825 to 1826, and a US Senator from 1827 to 1833. In the Senate he offered the resolution which caused the famous debate between Webster and Hayne. He was Governor of Connecticut in 1834.
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Samuel Francis Du Pont was an American naval commander. He was born in 1803 and died in 1865. He entered the navy in his youth, but had no opportunities for distinction until the Mexican War, when he took San Diego. His great naval feat was in the first year of the American Civil War; he captured the fortifications of Port Royal harbour on November 7th 1861, and followed up this success by seizing Tybee and reducing many points on the coast of Georgia and Florida. For these successes he was made rear-admiral. The unsuccessful attacks on the defences of Charleston, under his lead, in 1863, were made against his better judgment.
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Samuel G Cosgrove was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Washington during 1909.
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Samuel G Goodrich was an american politiican and writer. He was born in 1793 and died in 1860. He served in the Massachusetts Senate in 1838 and 1839, and was US Consul at Paris from 1851 until 1855. He published many juvenile and educational works, usually under the pseudonym of Peter Parley, famous among which was a popular history of the United States.
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Samuel Gorton was an English religious leader. He was born in 1600 and died in 1677. He emigrated to America from England in 1636, was banished from Massachusetts for religious reasons, and finally settled in Rhode Island, where he founded a religious sect. He afterward named the place Warwick, in honour of the earl from whom he obtained redress for his grievances, when between 1644 and 1647 he was persecuted by Massachusetts.
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Samuel H Elrod was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of South Dakota from 1905 until 1907.
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Samuel H Shapiro was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Illinois from 1968 until 1969.
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Samuel P Heintzelman was an American soldier. He was born in 1805 and died in 1880. He graduated at West Point, served as a captain in the Mexican War, and was brevetted major for bravery. He was commissioned colonel in the American Civil War, and afterward commanded as brigadier-general at Alexandria, Bull Run, Yorktown, Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, and in 1863 commanded the Northern Department. He was retired in 1869 with the full rank of major-general USA.
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Sir Samuel Hood was an English naval officer. He was born in 1762 and died in 1814. He saw action off Dominica in 1782 under his cousin, also called Sir Samuel Hood. In 1793 he gained fame for his clever escape from the port of Toulon which he had entered believing it to be in British hands. In 1797 he commanded the Zealous at the attack on Santa Cruz and at the Battle of the Nile in 1798. In 1805 he lost an arm capturing four heavy frigates off Rochefort.
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Samuel Hooper was an American politician. He was born in 1808 and died in 1875. He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature from 1851 to 1854, and of the US Congress as a Republican from 1861 to 1875. He served on the Committees of Ways and Means, Banking and Currency, and War Debts.
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Samuel Hopkins was an American theologian. He was norn in 1721 at Connecticut and died in 1803. He was ordained in 1743, and became a pastor at Newport, Rohde Island in 1770. He was prominent in the Rhode Island anti-slavery movements in 1774. His religious views exerted a powerful influence.
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Samuel Houston was an American politician. He was born in 1793 and died in 1863. Enlisted in the US army in 1813, he was promoted to lieutenant for bravery in the Creek War of 1813 to 1814. He represented Tennessee in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1823 to 1827, and was Governor of Tennessee from 1827 to 1829. He was a member of the Texas Constitutional Convention in 1833. As commander-in-chief of the Texan army he secured the independence of Texas. He was president of Texas from 1836 to 1838 and from 1841 to 1844, secured the annexation of Texas to the United States and represented it in Congress from 1845 to 1859. He was again chosen Governor of Texas in 1859 and served until he refused to espouse the Confederate cause in 1861.
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Samuel G Howe was an American writer. He was born in 1801 and died in 1876. He founded a school for the blind in 1833 subsequently called the Perkins Institution, of which he was superintendent until 1876, and at which Laura Bridgman was educated. From 1851 to 1853 he edited the Commonwealth. When commissioner to Santo Domingo in 1871 he advocated annexation to the United States. He was author of an 'Historical Sketch of the Greek Revolution', in which he had participated.
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Samuel D Hubbard was an American politician. He was born in 1799 and died in 1855. He represented Connecticut in the US Congress as a Whig from 1845 to 1849. He was Postmaster-General in Fillmore's Cabinet from 1852 to 1853.
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Samuel Huntington was an American politician. He was born in 1732 at Cobbecticut and died in 1796. He signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776, was President of the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1781, and Governor of Connecticut from 1786 to 1796.
Samuel Huntington was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Ohio from 1808 until 1810.
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Samuel D Ingham was an American politician. He was born in 1779 and died in 1860. He represented Pennsylvania in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1813 to 1818, and from 1822 to 1829. He was Secretary of the Treasury from 1829 to 1831 in Jackson's Cabinet.
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Samuel Insull was an English born American financier. He was born in 1859 at London and died in 1938. He moved to the USA in 1881 and became the private secretary to Thomas Edison. On consolidation of Edison's interests, Insull became vice president of Edison General Electric Co. in 1889 and president of the Chicago Edison Co. in 1892 and of Commonwealth Electric Co. of Chicago in 1898, which he merged as Commonwealth Edison. He was also the president of Peoples' Gas Light and Coke Co. , Chicago, and various other companies. Over expansion caused financial difficulties for a pyramid of holding companies he created and three of his largest companies went into receivership in 1932 resulting in his indictment, he fled to Europe but returned in 1934 and was three times acquitted of fraud and embezzlement.
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Samuel J Crawford was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kansas from 1865 until 1868.
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Samuel J Kirkwood was an American politician. He was born in 1813 and died in 1894. He was prosecuting attorney of Richland County, Ohio, from 1845 to 1849. He was Governor of Iowa from 1859 to 1863. He represented Iowa in the US Senate as a Republican from 1866 to 1867. He was Governor of Iowa from 1875 to 1877, and a US Senator from 1877 to 1881, when he became Secretary of the Interior in Garfield's Cabinet, serving until 1882.
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Samuel Johnson was an English writer. He was born in 1709 and died in 1784. He was twice imprisoned for debt.
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Samuel Johnston was an American politician. He was a Federalist governor of North Carolina from 1787 until 1789.
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Samuel Jones Tilden was an American lawyer and politician. He was born in 1814 at New Lebanon, New York and died in 1886. Educated at Yale and New York university, he was called to the bar in 1841. He was a Democratic governor of New York from 1875 until 1876 when he stood as a Democratic presidential candidate, but lost the election to Rutherford Hayes by a single vote after an investigation into illegal voting in Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida. Tilden then retired from public life.
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Samuel L Southard was an American politician. He was born in 1787 and died in 1842. He represented New Jersey in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1821 to 1823. He was Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinets of Monroe and Adams from 1823 to 1829. He was acting Secretary of the Treasury from March to July in 1825, Governor of New Jersey in 1832, and a US Senator from 1833 to 1842.
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Samuel M Ralston was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Indiana from 1913 until 1917.
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Samuel Maunder was an English writer. He was born in 1785 at Devon and died in 1849.
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Samuel Medary was an American journalist. He was born in 1801 and died in 1864. he founded the Ohio Statesman, a powerful Democratic paper, and edited it until 1858. He is said to have originated the campaign cry, 'Fifty-four forty or fight'.
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Samuel Merrill was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Iowa from 1868 until 1872.
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Samuel Morley was an English politician and philanthropist. He was born in 1809 at London and died in 1886. He was returned MP for Nottingham in 1865, later losing that seat and representing Bristol from 1868 to 1885, declining a peerage on his retirement. A great philanthropist he granted liberal pensions to his workpeople and gave large sums to nonconformist projects.
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Samuel Finley Breese Morse was an American artist and inventor. He was born in 1791 and died in 1872. Educated at Yale, in 1810 he travelled to England to study art with Allston and Benjamin West, exhibiting at the Royal Academy in 1813. In 1815 he returned to New York and settled as a portrait painter. In 1826 he was appointed the first president of the national academy of design. Interested in science, he experimented with the phenomena of electricity and invented the morse code in 1832 as a by-product of his invention of communications by electric telegraphy and conceived the idea of a recording magnetic telegraph.
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Samuel Nelson was an American jusrist. He was born in 1792 at New York and died in 1873. He was a Circuit Judge from 1823 to 1831. He was a Justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1831 to 1837 and its Chief Justice from 1837 to 1845. He was a Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1845 to 1873. He was a member of the Joint High Commission, which in 1871 negotiated the Treaty of Washington.
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Samuel Osgood was an American politician. He was born in 1748 and died in 1813. He was a delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1784, Commissioner of the Treasury from 1785 to 1789, and Postmaster-General from 1789 to 1791.
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Samuel P Goddard Jr. was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arizona from 1965 until 1967.
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Samuel Parris was an American clergyman. He was born in 1653 in England and died in 1720. He was a clergyman in Salem, Massachusetts, from 1689 to 1696. In 1692 his daughter and niece accused Tituba, a slave, of bewitching them. Samuel Parris beat Tituba until she confessed to the crime she hadn't committed. The delusion spread, and the Salem Witch trials were inaugurated in which nineteen innocent people were hanged. Samuel Parris afterward acknowledged his error.
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Samuel H Parsons was an American politician. He was born in 1737 and died in 1789. He was a member of the Connecticut Assembly from 1762 to 1780. He planned the capture of Ticonderoga in 1775. He fought at Long Island in 1776, and commanded a brigade at White Plains and the troops at New York Highlands from 1778 until 1779. He succeeded General Israel Putnam in command of the Connecticut line in 1780. He had an important part in the forming of the Ohio Company, the securing of the Ordinance for the Government of the Northwest Territory and the early settlement of Ohio.
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Samuel Paynter was an American politician. He was a Federalist governor of Delaware from 1824 until 1827.
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Samuel Pepys was an English civil servant and staunch Royalist, renowned for his diary. He was born in 1633 at London and died in 1703. He entered the navy office in 1660, a few months after starting his diary. He was appointed secretary to the Admiralty in 1672, imprisoned in the tower of London with loss of office in 1679 on suspicion of being connected with the Popish Plot - no formal charges were ever brought against him, he was reinstated in 1684, and finally deprived at the 1688 Revolution when he retired to Clapham. His diary was discontinued in 1669 as he thought his sight was failing, and was written in a personal version of Shelton's shorthand, and was not deciphered until 1825 - and then only transcribed in a censored edition. In 1970 his diary, all twelve volumes and 1.3 million words was finally transcribed in its entirety. His diary is unrivalled for its intimacy and the human picture it presents of daily life in the 17th century, much of which is disturbing by modern standards, Pepys having no qualms about recording details of the executions he witnessed, and the adulterous affairs that appear to have been the norm.
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Samuel Peters was an American clergyman. He was born in 1735 and died in 1826. He became a Church-of-England minister in the churches of Hartford and Hebron, Connecticut, in 1762. He was suspected of being a Tory, and in 1774 was required to make a written declaration that he had not communicated with England concerning the controversies with the colonies and would not do so. Soon afterward he fled to England. He wrote a satirical 'History of Connecticut' which greatly angered his former oppressors.
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Samuel S Phelps was an American jurist and politician. He was born in 1793 and died in 1855. He was a Judge of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1831 to 1838. He represented Vermont in the US Senate from 1839 to 1851, and from 1853 to 1854. He was a pro-slavery Democrat.
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Samuel C Pomeroy was an American politician. He was born in 1816 and died in 1891. He was an organizer of the New England Emigrant Aid Society, and founded a colony at Lawrence, Kansas, in 1854. He represented Kansas in the US Senate as a Republican from 1861 to 1873.
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Samuel Prior ('The children's policeman') was an English policeman. He was born in 1862 and died in 1944. An orphan at the age of nine he worked for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, before joining the metropolitan police in 1888. During his twenty-five years with the Metropolitan police he championed the cause of abused and exploited children, being responsible for 600 cases of rescuing children and having them placed in industrial schools where they could learn a trade. After his retirement from the police he worked with the Children's Aid Society.
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Samuel Prout was an English painter in water-colours. He was born in 1783 at Plymouth and died in 1852. He became famous for his drawings of street scenes and the quaint mediaeval architecture of Europe.
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Samuel Provoost was an American bishop. He was born in 1742 and died in 1815. He was rector of Trinity Church, New York, from 1784 to 1800. He was Bishop of New York from 1787 to 1801, and was one of the first bishops consecrated for America.
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Samuel R McKelvie was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Nebraska from 1919 until 1923.
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Samuel R Van Sant was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Minnesota from 1901 until 1905.
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Samuel J Randall was an American politician. He was born in 1828 and died in 1890. He represented Pennsylvania in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1863 to 1890. He distinguished himself by speeches against the 'Force Bill' in 1875. While chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, from 1875 to 1876, he curtailed expenditures by a systematic reduction in appropriations. He was Speaker from 1876 to 1881. He was prominent as a leader in opposition to the Morrison tariff bill in 1884. He served on Committees of Banking, Rules and elections. He was prominent in tariff debates as a leader of the protectionist wing of the Democratic party.
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Samuel Richardson was an English novelist. He was born in 1689 at Derbyshire and died in 1761.
The son of a joiner, after serving an apprenticeship as a printer he entered into business and became printer of the House of Commons Journals, and King's Printer and was made master of the Stationers' Company.
Samuel Richardson began to write novels when he was quite old and was approached with a view to publishing a model letter-writer. This suggestion was the origin of his first novel, 'Pamela', which was published in 1740. It was intended as a moral novel, and as such met with much ridicule, but was original and full of life. 'Pamela' was followed by 'Clarissa Harlowe',
a somewhat tedious seven-volume novel, written between 1747 and 1748, and 'Sir Charles Grandison' published in 1753.
Critics place Samuel Richardson's chief importance in his introduction of the analysis of human emotion into novel writing. He had great influence on the Continent, being the inspirer of Diderot and Rousseau among others and his novel 'Pamela' allegedly inspired Henry Fielding to write novels.
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Samuel Rogers was an English poet. He was born in 1763 and died in 1855. He was the son of a banker. He was offered the laureateship when William Wordsworth died in 1850.
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Samuel S Cox (also known as 'Sunset Cox') was an American newspaperman and statesman. He was born in 1824 and died in 1889. He was editor of the Columbus, Ohio 'Statesman'. In 1855 he was Secretary of Legatation to Peru and from 1857 until 1877 a member of Congress. From 1885 to 1886 he was Minister to Turkey.
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Samuel Heinrich Schwabe was a German astronomer and botanist. He was born in 1789 at Dessau and died in 1875. In 1826 he began observing the sun, and for the next forty-two years each day recorded the visible sun spots, the results of his observation being published in a tabular form in 1851 in volume 3 of Humboldt's 'Kosmos', thereby establishing for certain the sun- spot cycle.
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Samuel Sewall was an English jurist. He was born in 1652 and died in 1730. He went to America from England in 1661. He was an 'assistant' of Massachusetts from 1684 to 1688, a member of the Executive Council from 1692 to 1735, and judge of the probate court from 1692 to 1718. He was prominent in the Salem witchcraft trials and afterward publicly acknowledged his error. He was Chief Justice from 1718 to 1728. He published 'The Selling of Joseph', one of the first tracts advocating the rights of slaves, and kept a diary, since published, which gives an interesting and amusing picture of life in Puritan Boston.
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Samuel Slater was an English engineer. He was born in 1768 and died in 1835. He went to America from England in 1789 to introduce cotton machinery in the American States. His machinery was constructed from memory, as communication of models of English machinery was forbidden. He started his new cotton-spinning machinery at Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1790, which was the beginning of cotton manufacture in America. He established mills at Webster and Slaterville, Massachusetts.
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Samuel Smiles was an English author and social reformer. He was born in 1812 at Haddington and died in 1904. Educated at Edinburgh University, he graduated as a medical doctor but dissatisfied with medical practice, he went to Leeds, where he became editor of The Leeds Times and an active social reformer. Subsequently he became identified with railway management in Leeds and later in London. His first literary success was a biography of George Stephenson published in 1857. In 1859 he published his best known work, 'Self Help', a work designed to show what can be accomplished in life by determination and the will to succeed, illustrated by copious examples from the lives of eminent people.
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Samuel Smith was an American soldier and politician. He was born in 1752 at Maryland and died in 1839. He fought at Long Island, Harlem and White Plains, and was distinguished at Brandywine and Fort Mifflin, which he commanded. He also fought at Monmouth. He represented Maryland in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1793 to 1803, in the US Senate from 1803 to 1815, and again in the House from 1816 to 1822. He was again US Senator from 1833 to 1835. He attempted, with his brother Robert Smith, to control Madison's administration.
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Samuel Sprigg was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Maryland from 1819 until 1822.
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Samuel Stevens Jr. was an American politician. He was a Democratic- Republican governor of Maryland from 1822 until 1826.
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Samuel Stone was an English Puritan divine. He was born in 1602 at Hertford and died in 1663. He went to New England in 1633 and settled at Newtown as a teacher. In 1636 he and Hook the preacher migrated with the majority of the inhabitants to a settlement in Connecticut which they called Hartford.
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Samuel Tucker was an American sailor. He was born in 1747 at Massachusetts and died in 1833. While commander of the Franklin and the Hancock in 1776, he captured more than thirty vessels. From 1777 to 1780 he commanded the Boston, and captured many prizes, including the sloop-of-war Thorn. He commanded the Thorn from 1780 to 1781, when he was captured by the British frigate HMS Hind. He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature from 1814 to 1818.
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Samuel W Hale was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Hampshire from 1883 until 1885.
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Samuel W McCall was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Massachusetts from 1916 until 1919.
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Samuel W Pennypacker was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1903 until 1907.
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Samuel Ward was an American politician. He was born in 1725 and died in 1776. He was Governor of Rhode Island from 1762 to 1763 and from 1765 to 1767. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775.
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Samuel Ward King was an American politician. He was a Rhode Island Party governor of Rhode Island from 1840 until 1843.
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Samuel Warren was a British novelist. He was born in 1807 at Wales and died in 1877. He was called to the bar in 1837 and held the post of MP for Midhurst from 1856 to 1859.
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Samuel Wells was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maine from 1856 until 1857.
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Samuel Wells Williams was an American Orientalist. He was born in 1812 at Utica, New York and died in 1884. He went to China in 1833 as. a printer for the missionary board at Canton. He learned Japanese, and made a version of Genesis and St. Matthew into that language. He wrote 'Easy Lessons in Chinese' in 1841, 'An English and Chinese Vocabulary' in 1843, 'A Chinese Commercial Guide' in 1844, 'The Middle Kingdom' in 1848, and ' Tonic Dictionary of the Chinese Language' in 1856. In 1858 he assisted in the negotiations at Tientsin.
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Samuel Pickworth Woodward was an English naturalist and expert on invertebrate fossils. He was born in 1821 at Norwich and died in 1865. He was engaged as an assistant to the botanist Turner, and in 1838 went to work at the British Museum and later in the Geological Society. In 1851 he published ' Manual of the Mollusca'.
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Samuel Woodworth was an American journalist and poet. He was born in 1785 and died in 1842. He was engaged in numerous journalistic-ventures. He is chiefly memorable for his poems, of which the 'Old Oaken Bucket' was the most popular.
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The Samurai are a Japanese military caste.
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The San (formerly Bushman) are a small group of hunter-gatherer peoples living in and around the Kalahari Desert. Their language belongs to the Khoisan family.
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Sandro Botticelli was an Italian painter of the Florentine School. He was born in 1444 and died in 1510. He started his career working in the shop of a goldsmith named Botticelli, from whom he took his name. He showed such talent however, that he was removed and taken to the studio of painter Fra Lippio Lippi from where he learnt his vigorous style.
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The Sanemar are an indigenous people of the Amazon rain forest, Venezuela. They are hunters and fishermen.
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Sanford Ballard Dole was the president of the Republic of Hawaii and the first governor of the Territory of Hawaii. He was born in 1844 at Honolulu and died in 1926. The son of American Protestant missionaries, he went to the USA to study law and returned to Hawaii to practise as a lawyer, became elected to government and was a leader in the 1893 revolt against the monarchy. In 1894 he was elected the first president of the Republic of Hawaii, a position he held until the annexation of Hawaii to the USA in 1900 when President McKinley of the USA appointed him territorial governor. In 1903 he became the US district judge for Hawaii and in 1909 was re-elected governor, a position he held until the position expired in 1915 when he subsequently retired from public life.
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Sanford E Church was an American jurist. He was born in 1815 at New York and died in 1880. He was Lieutenant-Governor from 1851 until 1855; Comptroller from 1858 until 1869; and Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals from 1870 until his death.
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was a Mexican politician. He was born in 1795 and died in 1876. He entered the Spanish army in Mexico, sided finally with the patriots, opposed Iturbide, and became a politico-military leader of national prominence. He was President from 1832 to 1835. The next year he marched against the Texan revolutionists, stormed the Alamo, and was defeated by Houston at San Jacinto and captured. He was head of the executive in 1839, and again President from 1841 to 1844; overthrown, he was once more President in 1846, and in 1847 was beaten by Taylor at Buena Vista. After Scott's victories and conquest of the capital Santa Anna resigned, but reappeared as President and dictator in 1853 holding office until 1855. He frequently attempted to regain power, and was a marshal under the empire, but died in obscurity.
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The name Saracens was a general name applied by the Greeks and Latins to the Arab tribes along the edge of the Syrian desert, and was later used by European mediaeval writers to indicate Muslims in general, especially those encountered in European countries.
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Sarah McLachlan is a Canadian singer and song-writer. She was born in 1968 at Halifax, Nova Scotia. She started playing the piano when she was five years old and when she was 17 signed to the Nettwerk recording label. Her first album, 'Touch' was released in 1988, and she has also provided music for numerous films and television shows.
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Sarah Pridden (also known as Sally Salisbury) was an English prostitute. She was born in 1692 and died in 1723. Born into poverty she worked the streets of London until abandoned at the age of 17 by her first lover, Francis Charteris, she went to work at the exclusive brothel run by Mother Wiseborne. While working there she stabbed a customer and was convicted of assault, despite his pleas that she should be released, and sentenced to a year in prison. She died while in prison.
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Sarah Winnemucca was a Paiute diplomat and writer. She was born in 1844 in Nevada, USA and died in 1891. In 1860 her mother, sister and brother were killed during the Paiute War and she subsequently acted as a mediator between her people and the occupying Americans. Later she wrote the book 'Life Among The Paiutes' describing the suffering of the Paiute people.
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The Saryks or Sariks are a Turcoman tribe of central Russian Asia. About 1800 they controlled the whole Merv oasis but were driven out in 1850 by the Tekke Turcomans and in 1884 submitted to Russia.
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Sassacus was chief of the Pequot Indians. He was born about 1560 and died in 1637. He led an attack on a fort at Saybrook and massacred its inmates. The English under John Mason massacred almost the entire Pequot people in 1637.
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Sauvolle Le Moine was a French colonial governor. He was born in 1671 and died in 1701. Educated in France, where he was eminent for his attainments. He was appointed first colonial Governor of Louisiana by Louis XIV., serving from 1699 to 1701.
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Savatore Quasimodo was an Italian poet. He was born in 1901 and died in 1968.
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The Saxons were a Teutonic race which invaded Britain between the 5th and 7th centuries.
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Saxred was joint ruler of the East Saxons in 614.
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Schuyler Colfax was an American politician. He was born in 1823 and died in 1885. In 1844 he made campaign speeches for Clay. In 1845 he established the St Joseph Valley Register which became a very influential Whig journal. He was secretary of the national Whig conventions of 1848 and 1852, and was in Congress as a Republican from 1855 until 1869. He was Speaker of the House from 1863 until 1869, and Vice-president from 1869 until 1873, but failed to obtain a re-nomination for the next term. He was charged, probably unjustly, with complicity in the 'Credit Mobilier' scandal of 1873.
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Scotch-Irish was a name used in America to designate immigrants from the north of Ireland, mostly Presbyterians of Scotch descent. Scots had been settled in the north of Ireland during the Plantation of Ulster in the reign of James I. Thence some went to America early. But the large emigrations were just after the famous siege of Londonderry in 1689, and again in 1718 and the years immediately succeeding. The largest settlements of them were made in the hilly parts of Pennsylvania, in the valley of the Shenandoah, and in the Carolinas. In all these, they occupied the highland regions, back from the coast, and formed a sturdy, independent, Presbyterian population. Jackson, Calhoun, and many other eminent men were of this stock. In New England their chief settlements were at Londonderry, Antrim, etc., in New Hampshire, founded about 1719.
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Scott M Matheson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Utah from 1977 until 1985.
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Seabury Ford was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Ohio from 1849 until 1850.
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Sean O'Casey was an Irish playwright. He was born in 1884 at Dublin and died in 1966.
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Sebastian was king of Portugal. He was born in 1554 and died in 1578. In 1578 he led an expedition against the Moors, in which he was defeated and slain at the Battle of Alcazar in Morocco. Rumours afterwards arose that he was not dead, and these led to a number of impostors trying to claim the throne.
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Sebastian Gryphius was a German printer. He was born in 1493 at Reutlingen, Swabia and died in 1556. He moved to Lyons and while there produced more than 300 printed works between 1528 and 1547.
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Sebastien Le Prestre De Vauban was a French soldier. He was born in 1633 at Burgundy and died in 1707. He spent most of his life constructing and besieging fortresses. He developed systems of attack and defence which made the French school of fortification the first in Europe. He also wrote several books on the strategy of fortress attack and defence.
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Sebastien de Prestre de Vauban was a French military engineer. He was born in 1633 and died in 1707. He invented the socket bayonet and assisted Louis XIV in the expansion wars.
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Sebbi was joint ruler of the East Saxons in 663 until he became a monk.
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The Sebei are a people of eastern Uganda and western Kenya.
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Sebert was the first Christian king of the East Saxons. He reigned in 597.
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Seldon Connor was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1876 until 1879.
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Selectmen were the chief officers of New England towns. English parishes had their vestries, which were of two sorts, common vestries, composed of all the rate payers, and select vestries. In the latter, concerns were managed by select vestrymen. Hence the term selectmen, as used in New England, for the governing board of a town. The practice was found in Massachusetts as early as the issue of the 'Body of Liberties'. The selectmen acted under the orders of the town-meeting.
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The Selish were a native American Infdian tribe. Frequently incorrectly refered to as the Flatheads they were always friendly to the whites and originally resided on the Bitter Root or St Mary's River. In a treaty approved in 1859 they ceded all their lands to the United States, and in 1871 were removed to a reservation in northwest Montana.
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Selred was king of the East Angles in 713.
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The Selung are a people of eastern Bengal and the islands of the Mergui Archipelago.
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The Seminole are a north American tribe of Indians. They are an offshoot of the Choctaw Muskogee tribe. They settled in Florida in 1750, where about 300 still lived at the start of the 20th century, the remained in Indian Territory. In 1906 they came under agreement with the US government for the individual allotment of their tribal lands and absorption into American citizenship.
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The Semites are the peoples of the Middle East originally speaking a Semitic language, and traditionally said to be descended from Shem, a son of Noah in the Bible. Ancient Semitic peoples include the Hebrews, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldaeans, Phoenicians, and Canaanites. The Semitic peoples founded the monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. They speak languages of the Hamito-Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.
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Semyon Mikhailovich Budenny was a Russian soldier. He was born in 1883 and died in 1973. A Cossack, he fought as a private in the Russo-Japanese War and as an NCO during the Great War. After the Russian Revolution he defeated the White Russians at the Battle of Tsaritsyn and served in the war with < | 
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