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Thomas a Kempis was a German Augustinian monk and writer. He was born in 1379 and died in 1471. He wrote many works about monastic life and also an instruction manual on how to live a religious life, entitled 'The Imitation of Christ', first published anonymously in 1418 and completed in 1424.
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Thomas A Hendricks was an American politician. He was born in 1819 and died in 1885. He was admitted to the bar in 1843. He was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives in 1848, and became a State Senator in 1849. In 1850 he was chosen a member of the convention to revise the State Constitution, and represented Indiana in the Congress of the United States from 1851 to 1855. He was appointed by President Pierce Commissioner of the General Land Office, serving from 1855 to 1859, and from 1863 to 1869 was a US Senator. He was Governor of Indiana from 1872 to 1877, and in 1876 was the Democratic candidate for Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with Samuel Tilden. He was the unanimous choice of the Democratic party for Vice-President in 1884, and was elected on the ticket with Grover Cleveland for President, but died during his first year of office.
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Thomas A Osborn was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kansas from 1873 until 1877.
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Thomas Adams is a British gangster. He was born in 1957. Thomas Adams is a senior member of London's Adams family, and is believed to have amassed a fortune of about £50 million through drugs and extortion. He is also known to have ordered the killings of at least thirty informers and competitors.
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Thomas Aird was a Scottish poet and miscellaneous writer. He was born in 1802 and died in 1876. A friend of Professor Wilson, De Quincey, and Carlyle, he was for a long time editor of a newspaper in Dumfries. He wrote the Devil's Dream on Mount Aksbeck, The Old Bachelor, and other works.
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Thomas Bailey Aldrich was an American writer and poet. He was born in 1836 at Portsmouth, New Hampshire and died in 1907. He entered business in New York in 1854 and in 1857 became a journalist. He was editor of the Atlantic Monthly from 1881 until 1890.
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Thomas Allen was an English mathematician, philosopher, antiquarian, and astrologer. He was born in 1542 and died in 1632. He studied at Oxford, and lived the greater part of his life in learned retirement, corresponding with many of the famous men of his time. In his own day he was generally reputed a dealer in the black art of witchcraft.
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Thomas Andrews was an Irish chemist. He was born in 1813 at Belfast and died in 1885. He was appointed president of the Northern College in 1845, and was professor of chemistry in Queens College from 1845 to 1879. He published important researches into the heat evolved and absorbed in chemical combinations, and in connection with the liquefaction of gases.
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Thomas Augustine Arne was an English composer. He was born in 1710 at London and died in 1778. His first opera, Rosamond, was performed in 1733 at Lincoln's-Inn Fields, and was received with great applause. Then followed Fielding's comic opera, Tom Thumb, or the Tragedy of Tragedies. His style in the Comus (1738) is still more original and cultivated. To him we owe the national air Rule Britannia, originally given in a popular piece called the Masque of Alfred. After having composed two oratorios and several operas he received the title of Doctor of Music at Oxford. He composed, also, music for several of the songs in Shakespeare's dramas, and various pieces of instrumental music.
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Thomas Arnold was an English teacher. He was born in 1795 at Cowes, Isle of Wight and died in 1842. He entered Oxford in his sixteenth year, and in 1815 he was elected fellow of Oriel College, and both in that year and 1817 he obtained the chancellor's prize for Latin and English essays. After taking deacon's orders he settled at Laleham, near Staines, where he employed himself in preparing young men for the universities. In 1828 he was appointed headmaster of Rugby School, and devoted himself to his new duties with the greatest ardour. While giving due prominence to the classics, he deprived them of their exclusiveness by introducing various other branches into his course, and he was particularly careful that the education which he furnished should be in the highest sense moral and Christian. His success was remarkable. Not only did Rugby School become crowded beyond any former precedent, but the superiority of Dr. Arnold's system became so generally recognized that it may be justly said to have done much for the general improvement of the public schools of England. In 1841 he was appointed professor of modern history at Oxford, and delivered his introductory course of lectures with great success. His chief works are his edition of Thucydides, his Roman History, unhappily left unfinished, and his Sermons.
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Thomas Arundel was an English politician. He was born in 1352 and died in 1413. He was the third son of Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. He was chancellor of England and Archbishop of Canterbury. He concerted with Bolingbroke to deliver the nation from the oppression of Richard II, and was a bitter persecutor of the Lollards and followers of Wickliffe.
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Thomas Astle was an English antiquary. He was born in 1735 and died in 1803. He was a trustee of the British Museum and keeper of the public records in the Tower. His chief work, The Origin and Progress of Writing, appeared in 1784, and the portion dealing with mediaeval handwriting is still of value. He formed a famous collection of manuscripts., the most valuable portion of which is now in the British Museum.
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Thomas B Jeter was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina during 1880.
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Thomas B Robertson was an American politician. He was a Jeffersonian Republican governor of Louisiana from 1820 until 1824.
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Thomas B Stanley was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Virginia from 1954 until 1958.
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Thomas Babington (Lord Macaulay) was a British historian and politician. He was born in 1800 at Bothley, Leicestershire and died in 1859. He entered parliament in 1830. He became Secretary for War in 1839.
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Thomas Baker was an English antiquary. He was born in 1656 and died in 1740. Educated at Cambridge, as a non-juror he lost his living at Long-Newton in 1690, and was compelled to resign his fellowship on the accession of George I, but continued to reside at St John's College until his death in 1740. His Reflections on Learning (1709-10) went through seven editions. He left in manuscript form forty-two folio volumes of an 'Athene Cantabrigienses', from which a "History of St. John's College" was edited by Professor Mayor in 1869.
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Thomas Banks was an English sculptor. He was born in 1735 and died in 1805. He studied sculpture in the Royal Academy, and in Italy, where he executed several excellent pieces, particularly a bass-relief representing Caractacus brought prisoner to Rome, and a Cupid catching a Butterfly, the latter work being afterwards purchased by the Empress Catharine. On leaving Italy he spent two unsatisfactory years in Russia, and then returned to England, where he was soon after made an academician. Among his other works was a colossal statue of Achilles Mourning the Loss of Briseis in the hall of the British Institution, and the monument of Sir Eyre Coote in Westminster Abbey.
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Dr Thomas John Barnardo ('The Foster-Father of Nobody's Children') was a British philanthropist. He was born in 1845 at Dublin and died in 1905. After training as a doctor he took up religious work in the slums of London, devoting himself to the care and attention of destitute children and in 1866 founded the national homes for children 'Barnardo's'.
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Thomas Bennett was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of South Carolina from 1820 until 1822.
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Thomas Berry was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Dakota from 1933 until 1937.
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Thomas Bewick was an English wood-engraver. He was born in 1753 at Northumberland and died in 1828. He was apprenticed to Beilby in Newcastle and produced the wood cuts for Hutton's Mensuration. Afterwards he went to London and won the Society of Arts' prize for wood-engraving in 1775.
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Thomas Bibb was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Alabama from 1820 until 1821.
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Thomas Edward Bowdich was an African explorer. He was born in 1790 and died in 1824 of disease in the Gambia.
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Thomas Bowdler was an English author. He was born in 1754 and died in 1825. In 1818 he published an edition of Shakespeare's works in which he had removed all the phrases which he considered to be coarse or indecent, and titled his work The Family Shakespeare. His crude form of censorship gave rise to the term bowdlerise, meaning to alter.
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Thomas Bragg was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1855 until 1859.
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Thomas Brassey was an English railway contractor. He was born in 1805 at Buerton, Cheshire and died in 1870. Trained as a land surveyor, in 1834 he obtained a contract for a railway viaduct and afterwards moved to London and became known as a railway contractor. His constructions were on an enormous scale and were built across Europe, America, India and Australia. He built the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada and the Great Bridge over the St Lawrence at Montreal.
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Thomas Brown was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Florida from 1849 until 1853.
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Sir Thomas Browne was a British physician prose writer. He was born in 1605 at Cheapside, London and died in 1682. Educated at Winchester and Broadgates Hall (Pembroke College), Oxford. He studied medicine at Oxford, Montpellier, Paduna and Leiden before settling as a physician at Norwich where he spent the rest of his life. He was knighted by Charles II in 1671. He wrote 'Religio Medici' and 'Pseudodoxia Epidemica'.
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Thomas Burke was an American politician. He was a governor of North Carolina from 1781 until 1782.
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Thomas C Fletcher was an American politician. He was a Radical Republican governor of Missouri from 1865 until 1869.
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Thomas Carew was a British poet. He was born in 1595 and died in 1639.
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Thomas Carlin was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Illinois from 1838 until 1842.
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Thomas Carlyle was a British essayist, historian, and philosopher. He was born in 1795 at Ecclefechan and died in 1831 at Chelsea. He was prepared for the church, but developed a liking for mathematics and renounced the idea of joining the church and studied literature, writing about it.
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Thomas Carney was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kansas from 1863 until 1865.
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Thomas Carrick was an English miniature painter. He was born in 1802 at Upperley, near Carlisle and died in 1875. He was a self taught artist who started life as a chemist, but neglected chemistry for painting.
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Thomas Carte was an English historian. He was born in 1686 and died in 1754. He studied in Oxford and Cambridge before entering the Church and writing a history of England.
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Thomas Chatterton was an English poet. He was born in 1752 and died in 1770.
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Thomas Chipman McRae was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1921 until 1925.
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Thomas Chippendale was one of England's most famous furniture makers. He was born in 1718 in Yorkshire and died in 1779. His London based cabinet making business flourished from about 1750 until his death in 1779. In 1752 he published the book 'The gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director' which contained designs for furniture.
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Thomas Chittenden was an American politician. He was a governor of Vermont from 1778 until 1789.
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Thomas Clarkson was an English anti-slavery advocate. He was born in 1760 and died in 1846. He published a Latin essay on slavery in 1786 and organised a campaign for the abolition of slavery in Africa. In 1823 he assisted in founding the Anti-Slavery Society for the suppression of slavery in the West Indies.
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Thomas Cochrane was a British admiral and the Tenth Earl of Dundonald. He was born in 1775 at Annsfield and died in 1860. In charge of the 'Speedy', he captured off the coast of Spain, among others, the Spanish ship 'El Gamo' in May 1801. Soon afterwards he was himself captured by a French ship of the line. In the Basque Roads in 1809 with a division of fire-vessels he pushed within the enemy's lines, effecting immense destruction. In 1814, however, he was dismissed from the service, sentenced to a year's imprisonment and fined 1000 pounds for being implicated in a stock market swindle. In 1818 he accepted command of the Chilean navy and afterwards served in the Brazilian navy and in 1827 an admiral in the Greek navy and in 1832 was reinstated in the British navy, becoming a full admiral in 1851.
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Thomas Cole was an American painter. He was born in 1801 and died in 1848. Among- his most popular landscape works are the 'Voyage of Life', 'The Course of Empire', 'The White Mountains', and the 'Dream of Arcadia'.
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Thomas Collins was an American politician. He was a governor of Delaware from 1786 until 1789.
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Thomas Conway was a French soldier. He was born in 1733 and died in 1800. He went to the USA in 1777 and was made a brigadier-general. He was present at the Battle of Brandywine and at the Battle of Germantown. He was the leader of the 'Conway Cabal' conspiracy against George Washington, and was subsequently wounded in a duel fought with general John Cadwalader. Soon after he returned to France and was made Governor of Pondicherry.
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Thomas Cooper was an English scientist. He was born in 1759 and died in 1840. An English democrat, he emigrated to the USA in 1795. He was one of those tried under the Sedition Act, was president of the College of South Carolina, and was one of the founders of political economy in America.
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Thomas Coram was a Dorset seaman. He was born in 1668 and died in 1751. He established the Foundling Hospital, which was chartered in 1739 and intended as a refuge for the numerous unwanted children of London. He spent all his money on charities, and towards the end of his life was reduced to poverty, when an annuity was raised for him by public subscription.
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Thomas Corwin was an American politician. He was bon in 1794and died in 1865. He was a member of the Ohio Legislature from 1822 until 1829, and of the US House of Representatives in 1831, where he represented the Whig party until 1840, when he was elected Governor of Ohio. He was elected to the US Senate in 1844 and served until 1850 and to Congress in 1858 and 1860. He was appointed Minister to Mexico by President Abraham Lincoln, serving from 1861 until 1864.
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Thomas Coutts was a British banker. He was born in 1735 at Edinburgh and died in 1822. Together with his brother James he founded the London banking house of Coutss and Co. in the Strand, London, becoming the sole partner on his brother's death in 1778. He acted as banker to George III.
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Thomas Cranmer was archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII. He was born in 1489 and died in 1556 when he was burnt at the stake for refusing to revert his religion under Mary.
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Thomas Crawford was an American sculptor. He was born in 1814 and died in 1857. He worked chiefly in Rome and is best known for his historical and allegorical works.
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Thomas Creech was an English translator. He was born in 1659 at Blandford in Dorset and died in 1700.
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Thomas Creswick was an English landscape painter. He was born in 1811 at Sheffield and died in 1869. In 1828 he went to London and exhibited at the British Institution and at the Royal Academy. he was elected ARA in 1842 and RA in 1851. He was also a member of the Etching Club and etched plates for Gray's Elegy among others.
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Thomas Cromwell was Earl of Essex and an English administrator. He was born in 1485 and died in 1540. He was secretary and chief minister to Henry VIII and directed the divorce proceedings against Catherine of Aragon. He promoted the Acts of Supremacy in 1534 to try to get absolute power for the King.
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Lord Thomas Culpeper was a Governor of Virginia. In 1673 he received an exclusive grant from Charles II for thirty-one years of the territory of Virginia and in 1675 was proclaimed Governor for life, arriving in America in 1680. He forfeited his commission in 1683 by returning to England without royal permission and by political corruption. Lord Fairfax, patron of Washington, was his heir.
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Thomas Cushing was an American politician. He was born in 1725 and died in 1788. From 1766 until 1774 he was Speaker of the Massachusetts Assembly, was elected to the first and second Continental Congresses, and was a member of the convention that ratified the Federal Constitution in 1788. From 1783 until 1788 he was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts.
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Sir Thomas Dale was an English politician. He was sent as Governor to Virginia, and establislied there a military government. He was succeeded by Sir Thomas Gates from 1611 to 1614, when he resumed the government, and held it till 1616. Sir Thomas Dale died in 1620.
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Thomas Day was an English author. He was born in 1748 and died in 1789. He wrote 'The History of Sandford and Merton'.
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Thomas De Quincey was an English writer. He was born in 1785 at Manchester and died in 1859. In 1802 he ran away from school and wandered around Wales, describing the events in 'Confessions of an English Opium-Eater' published in 1822 (it was at Oxford that he started taking opium for the treatment of pain).
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Thomas de Torquemada was a Dominican monk and founder of the Spanish Inquisition. He was born in 1420 and died in 1498.
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Thomas de Witt Talmage was an American preacher. He was born in 1832 at New Jersey and died in 1902. Educated at New York and at a theological college of the Dutch Church in New Jersey, in 1856 he became minister of a Reformed Church in Belleville, New Jersey. In 1859 he moved to Syracuse and in 1869 he moved to Brooklyn. From 1895 until 1899 he was a minister at Washington. Thomas de Witt Talmage edited Frank Leslie's Sunday Magazine and The Christian Herald, and also wrote a number of books as well as earning a reputation as a popular preacher for his vogue sermons delivered with oratorical skill.
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Thomas Dekker was an English dramatist and writer. He was born in 1570 and died in 1641. He wrote plays which provide a view of contemporary life in London.
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Thomas W Dorr was an American lawyer and politician. He was bown in 1805 at Providence and died in 1854. Educated at Harvard, he graduated in 1823, studied in New York and was admitted to the bar. He was a member of the Rhode Island Assembly from 1833 to 1837, when he agitated governmental reform.
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Thomas Dover was an English physician. He was born in 1660 and died in 1742. He patented a preparation of opium mixed with ipecacuanha (Dover's Powder) as a pain-killing medicine.
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Thomas Dudley was an English colonial governor, He was born in 1576 and died in 1652. he went to Massachusetts in 1630 as Deputy-Governor. He was Governor from 1634 to 1635, from 1640 to 1641, from 1645 to 1646, and from 1650 to 1651. During most other years from 1630 to 1652, he was Deputy-Governor. He was at times an opponent of Winthrop.
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Thomas E Bramlette was an American politician. He was a Union governor of Kentucky from 1863 until 1867.
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Thomas E Campbell was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Arizona during 1917.
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Thomas E Dewey was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New York from 1943 until 1954.
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Thomas Alva Edison was an American businessman. He was born in 1847 and died in 1931. He operated a firm of fifteen scientists who invented the carbon filament electric lamp and the phonograph, although he took full credit for their work.
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Thomas Edward was an English naturalist. He was born in 1814 at Gosport in Hampshire and died in 1886. He was apprenticed to a shoemaker and in his spare time studied the life of beetles and other insects and discovered twenty new species of British sessile-eyed crustaceans.
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Sir Thomas Elyot was an English diplomatist and scholar. He was born in 1490 at Wiltshire and died in 1546. Knighted by Henry VIII he was sent on several embassies. He wrote 'The Governor', the first book written in plain English on the subject of education, and also a Latin-English dictionary published in 1538.
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Thomas Erastus was a German-Swiss student of medicine and theology. He was born in 1524 and died in 1583. He was Professor of Medicine at Heidelberg, and he advocated the teaching of Ulrich Zwingli as opposed to Calvin in 1560.
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Thomas Erby Kilby was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1919 until 1923.
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Thomas Ewing was an American statesman. He was born in 1789 at Ohio and died in 1871. He was admitted to the bar in 1816. From 1831 until 1837 he represented Ohio in the US Senate, where he supported Clay's tariff system, advocated the recharter of the US Bank, and also the Force Bill, and opposed the removal of the deposits from the US Bank. In 1841 he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in Harrison's Cabinet, and was the first Secretary of the Interior, serving in Taylor's Cabinet from 1849 until 1850. From 1850 to 1851 he was in the US Senate, succeeding Thomas Corwin.
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Thomas Faed was a Scottish painter. He was born in 1826 and died in 1900.
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Thomas Fairfax was an English soldier. He was born in 1612 and died in 1671. The son of Ferdinando Fairfax, as a Parliamentary genera; he assisted his father in his Civil War campaigns in the north and became commander of the Model Army in 1645. He was prominent at the Battle of Naseby in 1645. He resigned shortly after the execution of Charles I and in 1659 went to The Hague to invite Charles II to return.
Thomas Fairfax, sixth Baron Fairfax, was an English landowner, friend and patron of George Washington. He was born in 1691 and died in 1782. He left England to an inherited estate of over five million acres in Virginia, America, where he lived from 1745 until 1782.
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Thomas Ford was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Illinois from 1842 until 1846.
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Thomas Forrest was an English navigator and cartographer. He was born in 1729 and died in 1802. He entered service with the East India Company around 1749 and headed an exploring party in New Guinea.
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Thomas G McLeod was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina from 1923 until 1927.
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Thomas G Pratt was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1845 until 1848.
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Thomas G Turner was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Rhode Island from 1859 until 1860.
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Thomas Gage was an English colonial governor. He was born in 1721 and died in 1787. He went to America in 1754 in command of a regiment accompanying Braddock's expedition. He was appointed Governor of Montreal in 1760, and from 1763 to 1772 was commander-in-chief in America. In 1774 he was appointed Governor of Massachusetts, and attempted to subdue the antagonism of the colonists to English rule. In 1775 he sent troops to destroy stores collected at Concord, and this led to the Battle of Lexington. The colonists refused to recognize Gage as Governor, and soon after the Battle of Bunker Hill he resigned his commission.
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Thomas Gainsborough was an English painter. He was born in 1727 at Sudbury and died in 1788. He is remembered for his portraits and landscapes.
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Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was the first American teacher of the deaf. He was born in 1787 at Philadelphia and died in 1851. In 1815 he was sent to Europe to learn how to teach the deaf, which he did at Paris. He returned to America in 1816 with Laurence Clerc and in April 1817 they opened a school at Hartford, which in a few years developed into the American Asylum for the Deaf.
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Thomas Girtin was an English watercolour artist. He was born in 1775 and died in 1802.
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Thomas Goode Jones was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1890 until 1894.
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Thomas Graham was a Scottish chemist. He was born in 1805 at Glasgow and died in 1869. Educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh, in 1837 he was appointed professor of chemistry at University College, London, holding the post until 1855 when he became master of the Mint. Thomas Graham was the first president of the Chemical Society, founded in 1841. His most important work was investigations into the diffusion of gases and liquids.
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Thomas Gray was an English writer. He was born in 1716 at London and died in 1771.
Thomas Gray was an English railway promoter. He was born in 1787 at Leeds and died in 1848. He promoted the idea of widespread railway communications and urged the British and other European governments towards building national railway systems, under government control, rather than canal communications, publishing his ideas in 'Observations on a General Iron Railway' in 1820, which was revised and republished four times until 1825.
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Thomas Guy was an English businessman, statesman andd renowned miser. He was born in 1644 at London and died in 1724. From 1695 to 1707 he represented Tamworth in Parliament. By a successful speculation in the shares of the South Sea Company he realised a fortune. With his fortune he founded an almshouse at Tamworth in 1678, the Tamworth townhall in 1701. He founded Guy' s Hospital in London in 1721, and paid for the erection of wards at St Thomas' Hospital.
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Thomas H Kean was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Jersey from 1982 until 1990.
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Thomas H Moodie was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Dakota during 1935.
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Thomas Hardy was an English author. He was born in 1840 at Dorchester and died in 1928. He wrote 'The Mayor of Casterbridge' and 'Far From The Madding Crowd' among other novels.
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Thomas Harriot was an English mathematician. He was born in 1560 at Oxford and died in 1621.
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Thomas Henderson was a Scottish astronomer. He was born in 1798 at Dundee and died in 1844. In 1832 he was appointed royal astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope, but resigned in 1833. His observations at the Cape gave the first authentic evidence of stellar parallax.
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Thomas Heyward Jr was an American politician. He was born in 1746 and died in 1809. A member of the first South Carolina Committee of Safety, he was a delegate to Congress from 1775 to 1778, and signed the Declaration of Independence. In 1780, he commanded a battalion in the siege of Charleston.
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Thomas Heywood was a British dramatist. He lived during the 17th century and wrote 'A Woman Killed with Kindness'.
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Thomas Hill was an American educationalist and explorer. He was born in 1818 and died in 1891. He was president of Harvard from 1862 to 1868, and accompanied Agassiz on the exploring expedition to South America. He published numerous mathematical works.
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Thomas Hill Watts was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1863 until 1865.
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Thomas C Hindman was an American soldier. He was born in 1818 and died in 1868. He was a lieutenant in the Mexican War. He represented Mississippi in Congress as a Democrat from 1858 to 1861. He was a brigadier-general in the Western Confederate army, and became major-general before being assassinated for having exacted too severe discipline.
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Thomas Hobbes was a British philosopher. He was born in 1588 at Malmesbury and died in 1679. He wrote Leviathan which was the first British political philosophy book. Hobbes believed in absolute monarchy, believing the monarch to be the supreme arbiter in faith and morals.
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Thomas Holliday Hicks was an American politician. He was a Know-Nothing governor of Maryland from 1858 until 1862.
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Thomas Hood was an English poet and humorist. He was born in 1799 at London and died in 1845. In 1821 he became sub-editor of the 'London Magazine' to which he contributed verse.
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Thomas Hooker was an English pioneer. He was born in 1586 at Makfield and died in 1647. In 1626 he became a minister at Chelmsford. He fled to Holland in 1630 on a charge of non-conformity and sailed for New England in 1633. Chosen pastor of Newtowne, Massachusetts, he led some people to Connecticut where he founded Hartford in June 1636.
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Sir Thomas Hopsonn was an English vice-admiral. He was born in 1642 at Bonchurch and died in 1717. He was at the Battle of Sole Bay in 1672 and commanded the York in Viscount Torrington's fleet, and took part in the Battle of Beachy Head in 1690. In 1692 he commanded the St Michael at the Battle of Barfleur. At the Battle of Vigo Bay, in 1702, he led the attack in the Torbay and broke the boom.
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Thomas Howard (second Earl of Surrey) was an English lord admiral. He was born in 1473 and died in 1554. He was created Earl of Surrey in 1513 after taking part in the Battle of Flodden. He was later Duke of Norfolk and in 1546 was condemned to death, but the death of Henry VIII saved him.
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Thomas Hutchinson was an American colonial governor. He was born in 1711 and died in 1780. He was a member of the General Court of Massachusetts from 1737 to 1739, 1740, and 1741 to 1749. He was Speaker from 1746 to 1748. He restored a healthy condition of trade by redeeming the depreciated paper currency. In 1754 he was one of the commissioners at the Albany Convention, and aided in drafting a plan of colonial union. He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts in 1756. In 1760 he was appointed Chief Justice. In 1765 his house was sacked by a mob infuriated by the notion that he was a party to the obnoxious stamp acts, and his valuable library of historical pamphlets and documents was destroyed. In 1770 he was appointed Governor of the province. The report was circulated that he was largely responsible for the oppressive acts of the ministry, and this was intensified by Dr. Franklin's publication of some of Hutchinson's letters to England which had fallen into his hands. In 1774 he sailed to England, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was a conscientious and high-minded Tory. He wrote a valuable history of .Massachusetts.
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Thomas Henry Huxley was an English biologist. He was born in 1825 at Ealing and died in 1895. He was an outspoken supporter of Darwin.
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Thomas J Churchill was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1881 until 1883.
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Thomas J Herbert was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Ohio from 1947 until 1949.
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Thomas J Mabry was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Mexico from 1947 until 1951.
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Thomas J Terral was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1925 until 1927.
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Thomas Jonathan Jackson was an American Confederate general. He was born in 1824 at Virginia and died in 1863. He was nicknamed 'stonewall'. He graduated at West Point in 1846, in time to see service in the Mexican War. He taught in the Virginia Military Institute, and was, like so many other West Pointers, lifted by the Rebellion from obscurity. Having sided with the Confederacy he was intrusted with a brigade, whose firm stand at the first battle of Bull Run led to its commander's epithet, 'Stonewall Jackson'. His military fame was well grounded by the extraordinary rapidity of his movements in the Shenandoah campaign of 1862, where he outgeneraled the Federals Fremont, Banks and others, gained the battles of Front Royal, on May the 23rd, Winchester, on May the 25th, Cross Keys, on June the 8th, and Port Republic, on June the 9th. Hastily joining Lee before Richmond, he decided the victory at Gaines' Mills, on June the 27th. On August the 9th he defeated the Federals at Cedar Creek. His bold march ended in the victory over Pope at the second battle of Bull Run. In the invasion he seized Harper's Ferry on September the 15th, and commanded the left wing at Antietam. At Fredericksburg he led the right wing of Lee's army, and at Chancellorsville on May the 2nd, 1863, his flanking movement around Hooker's right resulted in success. But Thomas Jackson was by mistake shot by his own men in this battle and died a few days later.
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Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the USA. He was born in 1743 at Shadwell, Virginia and died in 1826. He was graduated at William and Mary College, studied law, and entered upon its practice and the care of his estate.
In 1769 he entered the House of Burgesses, and became active in the Revolutionary agitation; but his activity then and later was as a writer rather than as a speaker. He drafted the instructions to the Virginia delegates to the first Continental Congress, and was in consequence proscribed in Great Britain. As a delegate to the second Continental Congress he is of course chiefly remembered for his draft of the American Declaration of Independence. Soon after signing that document he left Congress to re-enter the Virginia Legislature, where he laboured strenuously for democratic reforms in the laws respecting the church and the descent of landed property.
While Governor of Virginia, 1779-1781, he was called upon to resist the British invasion of the State. He was again in the Legislature, and for a short time in Congress. In 1784 he went to France as Plenipotentiary, and there wrote his 'Notes on Virginia', and observed the outbreak of the French Revolution. At the end of 1789 Jefferson returned to America, and entered upon his duties as Secretary of State in George Washington's first Cabinet.
In the ensuing years he became the central figure in the Democratic-Republican party which was forming in opposition to the Federalists. Hamilton, ablest of the Federalist leaders, was also in the Cabinet, and between the two divergence of views developed into continual disputes. Jefferson finally resigned in 1794. The great party of which he was the head gave him, in 1796, almost as many electoral votes as were given to Adams. He became accordingly Vice-President. At this epoch he prepared a 'Manual of Parliamentary Practice', was president of the Philosophical Society, and drafted the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798.
In the election of 1800-1801 Jefferson's party defeated Adams and the Federalists, but the defective provisions of the Constitution gave to Jefferson and Burr seventy-three electoral votes each, and there was no election; the House of Representatives accordingly took up the matter, and a bitter struggle ended in the choice of Jefferson for first place. In his Cabinet Madison was Secretary of State, Gallatin of the Treasury, Dearborn of War, Robert Smith of the Navy, and Lincoln Attorney-General.
His administration was marked by the abolition of some usages of an aristocratic nature, by the Tripolitan War, the Louisiana Purchase, the Lewis and Clark expedition, the Chesapeake incident, and the Embargo. President Jefferson was re-elected in 1804, and retired from office in 1809, but continued to be regarded as the adviser of the party. He was interested in later life in plans for education in Virginia, and superintended the planting of the University of Virginia. He died at Monticello in his native State. His political theories had great influence upon the public life of America.
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Thomas S Jesup was an American soldier. He was born in 1788 at Virginia and died in 1860. He was brevetted colonel for services at Chippewa and Niagara in 1814. He was promoted major in 1818. He commanded the army in Florida in 1836.
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Thomas Johnson was an American politician. He was a governor of Maryland from 1777 until 1779.
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Thomas Starr King was an American clergyman. He was born in 1824 and died in 1863. A famous Unitarian clergyman, he won distinction as a lecturer in the East and in California. At the outbreak of the American Civil War he was an earnest advocate of the Union cause.
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Thomas King Carroll was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1830 until 1831.
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Thomas Kirker was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Ohio from 1807 until 1808.
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Thomas Kyd was a British dramatist. He was born in 1558 and died in 1594. He wrote 'The Spanish Tragedy'.
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Thomas L Bailey was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi from 1944 until 1946.
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Thomas L Judge was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Montana from 1973 until 1981.
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Thomas L Young was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Ohio from 1877 until 1878.
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Sir Thomas Lawrence was an English portrait painter. He was born in 1769 at Bristol and died in 1830. At the age of five he acquired fame for his crayon portraits and before he was twelve was drawing portraits of the rich and famous. At the age of seventeen he started using oil colours and entered the Royal Academy schools in 1787 and was appointed his Majesty's painter in 1792. In 1815 he was knighted by the prince regent and in 1820 unanimously elected president of the Royal Academy.
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Thomas Lawton was an English Association Football player. He was born in 1919. He played for Burnley, Everton, Chelsea, Notts County, Brentford, Arsenal and England. He first played for England in 1938, continuing to play for England as the primary striker until 1948.
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Thomas Linley was an English composer. He was born in 1732 at Wells in Somerset and died in 1795. In 1776 he purchased an interest in the Drury Lane Theatre, and became musical director there.
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Thomas Lodge was a British poet. He was born in 1558 and died in 1625.
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Thomas M Campbell was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Texas from 1907 until 1911.
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Thomas M Holt was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1891 until 1893.
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Sir Thomas Malory was an English writer. He lived around 1450. He wrote Le Morte d'Arthur about King Arthur.
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Thomas Robert Malthus was an English economist. He was born in 1766 near Guildford and died in 1834. He wrote 'Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects the Future Improvements of Society' in which he reviewed the question of man in relation to food, worrying that population was growing too fast for the available food supplies. He was an influencer of Charles Darwin, who was impressed by his question of how the world comes to be peopled with a multiplicity of ever-changing forms of life.
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Thomas Mann was a German novelist. He was born in 1875 at Lubeck and died in 1955. He won the Nobel prize for literature in 1929.
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Thomas Mann Randolph was an American politician. He was a Democratic- Republican governor of Virginia from 1819 until 1822.
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Thomas Garrigue Masaryk was the founder and first president of Czechoslovakia. He was born in 1850 at Moravia and died in 1937.
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Thomas McKean was an American politician. He was born in 1734 and died in 1817. He was a Governor and was prominent in the Stamp-Act Congress of 1765 as a delegate from Delaware, and aided in drafting the memorial to the lords and commons. He was a member of the Continental Congress from Delaware from 1774 to 1783, and its president in 1781. He aided in drafting the American Articles of Confederation, and was prominent in securing the American Declaration of Independence, of which he was one of the signers. He was Chief Justice of Pennsylvania from 1777 to 1799, and Governor from 1799 to 1808.
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Thomas Metcalfe was an American politician. He was a National Republican governor of Kentucky from 1828 until 1832.
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Thomas Middleton was an English dramatist. He was born in 1570 at London and died in 1627. A member of Gray's Inn, he wrote some satirical tracts before around 1600 turning his attention to the stage and composing fifteen plays independently and a further seven plays in collaboration with Dekker, Rowley and others. In 1620 he became city chronologer. He is know for his realistic, course comedies and romantic plays.
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Thomas Mifflin was an American politician. He was born in 1744 and died in 1800. He had served in the Pennsylvania legislature before he entered the first Continental Congress. In the American War of Independence he was at first aide-de-camp to George Washington, and then quartermaster-general. He covered the retreat of the army in the evacuation of Brooklyn in 1776, and soon afterward was appointed major-general and a member of the Board of War. With Conway and Gates he was associated in the intrigues against George Washington, and in 1778 he was retired from the office of quartermaster-general. He was president of Congress in 1783, member of the Federal Convention of 1787, and a signer of the Constitution. He was Governor of Pennsylvania from 1790 to 1799.
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Sir Thomas More was an English statesman and politician. He was born in 1478 at London and died in 1535.
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Thomas Morley was an English composer of madrigals. He was born in 1557 and died in 1603.
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Thomas Morton was an American colonist. He was born in 1575 and died in 1646. He emigrated to Plymouth, America from England in 1622. He made a settlement at Mount Wollaston or 'Merry Mount', (now Braintree) where he made himself obnoxious to the Puritans by his revels. He was twice seized and transported to England, where he published 'The New England Canaan' in 1632. For this satire he was imprisoned on his return to America in 1643.
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Thomas Nelson was an American politician. He was born in 1738 and died in 1789. He was a member of the Virginia Conventions of 1774, 1775 and 1776. He represented Virginia in the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1777 and in 1779. He signed the American Declaration of Independence. He was Governor of Virginia in 1781. He expended his vast estate for the colonial cause.
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Thomas Nelson Jr. was an American politician. He was a governor of Virginia during 1781.
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Thomas Newcomen was an English inventor. He was born in 1663 at Dartmouth and died in 1729. He invented the atmospheric steam-engine.
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Sir Thomas North was an English translator. He was born in 1535 and died in 1601. His translation of Plutarch's Lives in 1579 formed the source of Shakespeare's Roman plays.
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Thomas O Moore was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana from 1860 until 1864.
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Thomas Otway was an English dramatist. He was born in 1652 at Trotton in Sussex and died in 1685. He is renowned for his work 'Venice Preserved'.
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Thomas P Salmon was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Vermont from 1973 until 1977.
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Thomas Nelson Page was an American author and diplomatist. He was born in 1853 and died in 1922. He excelled in depicting Southern American life during the Civil War period.
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Thomas Paine (Tom Paine) was an English writer on politics and religion. He was born in 1737 in Norfolk and died in 1809. He passed his early years there as an exciseman, political writer, and ardent republican. He went to America in 1774 and edited the 'Pennsylvania Magazine'. In 1776 he published a pamphlet, 'Common Sense', advocating independence, which was widely circulated and created a profound impression. At intervals through the American War of Independence he published the 'Crisis', and was secretary to the Congressional Committee on Foreign Affairs. His services in the American Revolution were of undoubted value to the Americans. Subsequently he was clerk to the Pennsylvania Legislature. He was in France at the opening of the French Revolution, and in England where in 1791 he published his 'Rights of Man', and was outlawed in consequence. Escaping to France he was elected to the Convention, was imprisoned by the Jacobins, and wrote his 'Age of Reason'. He returned to the United States, and died in New York.
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Thomas Love Peacock was an English novelist and poet. He was born in 1785 at Weymouth and died in 1866. A friend of the English poet Percy Shelley, he was Shelley's literary executor. The publication of ' Headlong Hall' in 1816 established Peacock's literary reputation. 'Nightmare Abbey' published in 1818, a humorous satire of the romantic movement in England, is his best- known work. Peacock was an employee of the British East India Company from 1819 to 1856, during which time he published two historical romances, 'Maid Marian' published in 1822 and 'The Misfortunes of Elfin' published in 1829, and the satiric 'Crotchet Castle' published in 1831. Almost 30 years later he published his last novel, 'Gryll Grange' in 1860. In most of Peacock's works the characters, many of them caricatures of famous writers of the time, reveal themselves through incidental dialogue at social gatherings.
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Thomas Pinckney was an American politician. He was born in 1750 and died in 1838. The brother of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, he was an aide to General Lincoln and Count d'Estaing during the American Revolution. He fought at Stono and was taken prisoner at Camden. He was Governor of South Carolina from 1787 to 1789, and Minister to Great Britain from 1793 to 1796. He negotiated the treaty with Spain securing free navigation of the Mississippi. In 1796 he was a Federalist candidate with Adams. He was a US Congressman from 1797 to 1801.
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Thomas Pownall was an English politician and colonial governor. He was born in 1720 and died in 1805. He went to America from England in 1753. He immediately sympathized with the colonists political tendencies. He was Governor of Massachusetts from 1756 to 1760. While a member of the British Parliament from 1767 to 1781 ardently opposed oppressive measures toward the colonies.
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Thomas R Marshall was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Indiana from 1909 until 1913.
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Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was a British administrator. He was born in 1781 and died in 1826. While employed by the East India Company he was governor of Sumatra and was responsible for the acquisition and founding of Singapore in 1819. he was also other founder and first president of the Zoological society.
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Thomas Reid was a Scottish philosopher. He was born in 1710 at Strachan and died in 1796. After being librarian at Marischal College, Aberdeen, in 1737 he became parish minister of New Machar. In 1751 he was elected a regent of King's College in Aberdeen and after twelve years was transferred to the chair of moral philosophy in Glasgow as successor to Adam Smith. He was the foremost exponent of the Scottish philosophy, or the philosophy of common sense.
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Thomas Reynolds was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Missouri from 1840 until 1844.
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Thomas J Rodman was an American engineer. He was born in 1815 and died in 1871. He invented the Rodman guns, which are cast about a hollow core through which a stream of cold water runs. He was an inspector of ordnance during the American Civil War.
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Sir Thomas Roe was an English explorer and statesman. He was born in 1581 at Low Leyton near Wanstead, Essex and died in 1644. Educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, and possibly in France he received an appointment at court during the last year of Elizabeth I's reign. He was knighted in 1605 and in 1610 was fitted out by prince Henry for a voyage of discovery to South America. In 1614 he became member of parliament for Tamworth and in 1615 was sent as an ambassador to the court of the Mogul, where he obtained privileges for the British merchants which established the British presence in India. Returning to England in 1619, in 1621 he was elected member of parliament for Cirencester and was sent to Constantinople as ambassador, returning to England in 1628. Between 1638 and 1642 he was on the Continent, involved in negotiations over the Thirty Years' War.
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Thomas Rowlandson was an English caricaturist. He was born in 1756 and died in 1827.
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Thomas S Drew was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1844 until 1849.
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Thomas Sanchez was a Spanish Jesuit. He was born in 1550 at Cordova and died in 1610. He became the head of the school of the order at Granada, and wrote a cynical book on marriage, 'De Sacramento Matrimonii' published in 1592.
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Thomas Savery was an English engineer. He was born in 1650 at Shilston in Devon and died in 1715. He invented the steam-engine, in 1698 patenting the first viable steam-engine which he designed for pumping water out of mines.
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Thomas Seay was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1886 until 1890.
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Thomas Secker was archbishop of Canterbury. He was born in 1693 at Sibthorpe, Nottinghamshire and died in 1768. He was the son of a dissenter but was induced to enter the church by a friend and became Bishop of Bristol in 1734, of Oxford in 1737, dean of St Paul's Cathedral, London in 1759 and archbishop of Canterbury in 1758.
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Thomas Shepard was an English non-conformist. He was born in 1605 and died in 1649. He was charged with non-conformity in England and went to America in 1635. He was pastor of the church at Cambridge, Massachusetts, from 1635 to 1649. He was influential in the establishment of Harvard College at that place. He was one of the most influential men in New England and a writer on theological subjects.
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Thomas Sheraton was the last of the great English cabinet-makers of the 18th century. He was born in 1751 and died in 1806. Sheraton continued the pursuit of lightness combined with strength which had been started by Hepplewhite. The influence of the Louis XVI period is seen in his general avoidance of curves. Sheraton also used carving very sparingly and was more partial to inlay.
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Thomas W Sherman was an American soldier. He was born in 1813 and died in 1879. He was brevetted major for Services at Buena Vista during the Mexican War. He commanded the land forces of the Port Royal Expedition in 1861. In 1862 he commanded a division in the Army of the Tennessee, engaging at Corinth. He was active in the engagements about New Orleans and led the left wing at Port Hudson in 1863.
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Thomas Sim Lee was an American politician. He was a Federalist governor of Maryland from 1792 until 1794.
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Sir Thomas Octave Sopwith was a British airmen and inventor. He was born in 1888 at London and died in 1989. Educated at Cottesmore and Seafield Engineering College he developed an interest in aviation and aircraft design. In 1910 he won the Baron de Forest prize for a flight from England to the Continent, and in 1911 he founded the Sopwith Aviation and Engineering Company Ltd at Kingston on Thames, to design and build aeroplanes and seaplanes. In 1918 he was made a CBE. In 1925 he became chairman of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors, a post he held until 1927 and chairman, later President, of the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1935 and 1963. He was knighted in 1953. Among his famous aircraft that served in the British armed forces during the Great War were the Sopwith Pup and Sopwith Camel.
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Thomas Southerne was an English dramatist. He was born in 1659 at Oxmantown, County Dublin and died in 1746. Educated at Trinity College, Oxford he entered the Middle Temple at London in 1678. He wrote both comedies and tragedies, the most notable being 'The Fatal Marriage' written in 1694 and 'Oroonoko' written in 1696 which was a vehement attack upon the slave trade.
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Thomas Sprat was an English poet, wit and bishop. He was born in 1635 at Beaminster and died in 1713. He was first known as a smart versifier and wit. At the restoration he developed into an ardent royalist, was ordained in 1661 and in 1669 appointed canon, in 1683 dean of Westminster and in 1684 bishop of Rochester. He assisted at the coronation of William and Mary. He wrote 'History of the Royal Society of London' published in 1667.
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Thomas Sterry Hunt was an American scientist. He was born in 1826 and died in 1892. He made valuable original contributions to the advancement of chemical and geological science. He invented the ink with which the early American banknotes (greenbacks) were printed.
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Thomas Stevenson was a Scottish engineer. He was born in 1818 at Edinburgh and died in 1887. The son of Robert Stevenson, he was educated at the high school, Edinburgh where he revealed a talent for mathematics and was soon contributing articles to scientific journals. He joined his father as a lighthouse engineer, and together with his brother was responsible for the erection of several lighthouses. After studying lighthouse lanterns he invented the azimuthal condensing system.
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Thomas Stockton was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Delaware from 1845 until 1846.
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Thomas Stone was an American politician. He was born in 1743 and died in 1787. He was a delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and signed the Declaration of Independence. Prom 1779 to 1783 he was a prominent member of the Maryland Senate. He again served in the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1785. He was a member of the committee to draft a plan of confederation.
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Thomas Stothard was an English artist. He was born in 1755 at London and died in 1834. He studied at the RA schools, and painted subject pictures in oils, particularly for Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, but his real talent lay in illustrative design, and illustrated many classic novels at the time. He became ARA in 1791, RA in 1794 and librarian in 1812.
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Thomas Stott was an Irish poet. He was born in 1755 at Hillsborough, County Down and died in 1829. He entered the linen bleaching business at Dromore, County Down and made a lot of money, while also writing poetry published in 'The Northern Star', 'Belfast Newsletter' and other local papers in Ireland and in England including 'The London Morning Post', usually under the pseudonym of 'Hafiz'.
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Thomas Sully was an American painter. He was born in 1783 at England and died in 1872. He went to America from England in 1792. He is famous for his paintings, 'Washington Crossing the Delaware', 'Thomas Jefferson', 'Fanny Kemble', 'Queen Victoria', 'Lafayette' and 'The Capture of Major Andre'.
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Thomas Sumter was an American insurgent. He was born in 1734 and died in 1832. He conducted insurgency at the beginning of the American Revolution. He defeated a force of British and Tories, made an unsuccessful attack on Rocky Mount and routed the British at Hanging Rock. He severed the communications of Charles Cornwallis and captured his supply train. He was severely defeated by Colonel Tarleton at Fishing Creek. He defeated Major Wemyss at Broad River, and repelled Colon | 
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