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William N Runyon was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Jersey from 1919 until 1920.
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William Nelson was an American soldier. He was born in 1835 at Kentucky and died in 1862. He organized several regiments in 1861. He commanded a division at Shiloh and Richmond. He commanded Louisville when threatened by General Bragg in 1862. He was shot in an altercation with General J C Davis.
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Sir William Nicholson was an English painter. He was born in 1872 at Newark and died in 1949.
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William Richard Morris Nuffield was a British industrialist and philanthropist. He was born in 1877 at Worcester and died in 1963.
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William O Bradley was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kentucky from 1895 until 1899.
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Sir William Quilleb Orchardson was a British genre and portrait painter. He was born at Edinburgh in 1835 and died in 1910. He settled in London in 1863 and was knighted in 1907.
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Sir William Osler was a Canadian physician and author. He was born in 1849 and died in 1919. He studied at Montreal, London, Berlin and Vienna and became professor of medicine at Oxford in 1905, a post he held until his death. He wrote 'Principles and Practice of Medicine'.
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William Cotton Oswell was an English explorer. He was born in 1818 at Leytonstone and died in 1893. He spent ten years from 1837 to 1847 as an official of the East India Company in Madras. Then he made successful expeditions into the regions north of the Cape Colony. He organised the transport and commissariat for Livingstone's expedition and shared in the expedition to the Zambezi in 1851. During the Crimean War he worked in the hospitals.
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William Owsley was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Kentucky from 1844 until 1848.
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William P Dillingham was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1888 until 1890.
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William P Hobby was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Texas from 1917 until 1921.
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William P Kellogg was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Louisiana from 1873 until 1877.
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William Paca was an American politician. He was born in 1740 and died in 1799. He opposed all taxation of the colonies by England. He was a member of, the Maryland Legislature from 1771 to 1774. He represented Maryland in the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1779 and signed the American Declaration of Independence. He was a State Senator from 1777 to 1779, Judge of the Federal Court of Appeals from 1780 until 1783, and Governor of Maryland from 1783 until 1786. He was US Judge for the District of Maryland from 1789 to 1799.
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William Page was an American artist. He was born in 1811 at Albany and died in 1885. He won great distinction for his portrait-painting. He was also famous as a colourist, and was an accurate draughtsman.
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William Paine Lord was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Oregon from 1895 until 1899.
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William Paley was an English theologian. He was born in 1743 and died in 1805. In 1782 he became archdeacon of Carlisle. He wrote 'Evidences of Christianity' in 1794.
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William Parsons, the third earl of Rosse, was an English astronomer. He was born in 1800 at York and died in 1867. He was member of parliament for King's County, Ireland from 1823 to 1834, but resigned to devote time to improving reflecting telescopes. His great telescope was erected at Parsonstown in King's County in 1845.
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William Paterson was an American politician and jurist. He was born in 1745 and died in 1806. He was a New Jersey Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1781. He was a member of the Federal Convention of 1787, and proposed the preservation of State sovereignty, in what was called the New Jersey Plan. He was a US Senator from 1789 to 1790, Governor of New Jersey from 1791 to 1793, and a Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1793 to 1806.
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William Penn was an English Quaker and the founder of Pennsylvania. He was born in 1644 at London and died in 1718. The son of Admiral Penn he was educated at Oxford where he joined the new sect of Quakers, and was expelled from the university. For a few years he traveled in France and Italy, and became a court favorite in England. From this life he turned to become a minister of the Society of Friends. This step led to a break with his father, to imprisonment in the Tower of London, in Newgate Prison and to other persecutions. He was aided, however, by his friendship with the Duke of York.
William Penn wrote numerous tracts and theological works, 'No Cross, no Crown' among others. He had already sent many emigrants to America, when in 1681 Charles II gave him an extensive grant. He sailed to his new possession in 1683, laid out the city of Philadelphia and negotiated the famous treaty with the Indians under the elm tree. He returned to England in 1684, and had considerable influence at court after his friend came to the throne as James II.
He was deprived of his government in 1693, but it was restored two years later. A visit to his colony in 1699 resulted in improving the condition of affairs. The new commonwealth had from the first a more tolerant basis than its neighbors. William Penn returned to England after a few years. In the latter part of his life he became involved in difficulties and passed some time in the Fleet Prison.
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Sir William George Penney is a British atomic scientist. He was born in 1909 at Gibraltar.
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William Pennington was an American politician. He was born in 1796 and died in 1862. He was Governor of New Jersey from 1837 to 1842. In 1839 occurred the Broad Seal War, arising from his issuing commissions under the great seal of the State to five Democratic Congressmen whose election was contested by the Whigs and whose votes would determine the Speakership of the US Congress. He was a Republican US Congressman from 1859 to 1861 and Speaker.
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Sir William Pepperrell was an American jurist, politician and soldier. He was born in 1696 and died in 1759. He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1726, and in 1737 became a member of the council. He was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas from 1730 to 1759. In 1745 he was active in procuring men and supplies for an expedition against the French in Canada. He commanded the force that captured Louisbourg and was made a baronet. He was active in raising and equipping troops during the French War of 1755, and commanded the forces on the frontier of Maine and New Hampshire
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Sir William Henry Perkin was an English chemist. He was born in 1838 and died in 1907. He discovered aniline dyes.
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William Walter Phelps was an American politician. He was born in 1839 and died in 1894. He represented New Jersey in the US Congress as a Republican from 1873 to 1875. He was Minister to Austria from 1881 to 1882. He was a US Congressman from 1883 to 1889, when he became Minister to Germany and served until 1893. He was known as a staunch supporter of a protective tariff.
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William Phillips was a British soldier. He was born in 1731 and died in 1781. He was appointed a major-general in the British army in America in 1776. He commanded at St John until 1777, when he became second in command to Burgoyne at Montreal. By his skill and energy as an artilleryman he forced the evacuation of Ticonderoga by General St Clair. He was prominent in the two Saratoga battles, and succeeded Burgoyne in the command of the surrendered troops. He was promoted lieutenant-general in 1780. In 1781 he joined General Benedict Arnold with 2000 men and assumed command. He died of typhoid fever soon afterward.
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Sir William Phips was a British sailor. He was born in 1651 and died in 1695. He was engaged in trade and in 1687 recovered 300,000 pounds from a wrecked Spanish vessel. In 1690 he commanded the expedition which captured Port Royal and made an unsuccessful attempt to reduce Quebec with a naval force of thirty-four vessels and about 2000 men. While in England in 1692 he was appointed Governor of Massachusetts. He was prominent in the 'suppression of witchcraft'. He died while visiting England to answer charges against him.
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William Pinkney Whyte was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1872 until 1874.
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William Pitt was a Whig politician. He was born in 1708 and died in 1778.
William Pitt was an English politician. He was born in 1759 and died in 1806. The second son of the Earl of Chatham, became Prime Minister of England in 1783. He enforced the English navigation acts against the United States with great severity, yet his policy was liberal in the main. He resigned office in 1801.
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William Plumer was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of New Hampshire from 1812 until 1813.
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William Polk was an American soldier. He was born in 1758 and died in 1834. He served as major of a North Carolina regiment at Brandywine and Germantown, and fought at Camden and Eutaw Springs. He was a Tennessee Congressman from 1787 to 1794.
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William Preston Lane Jr. was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1947 until 1951.
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William Price was a Welsh doctor and the pioneer of cremation. He was born in 1800 and died in 1893. An avid opponent of inoculation, vivisection, orthodox religion and the law he was also renowned as a skilled physician and doctor. Following his arrest for cremating the body of his young son in 1884 he was able to show that he had not transgressed the law, and so established the legality of cremation in Britain, which was formalised with the 1902 Cremation Act.
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William Pulteney (first Earl of Bath) was an English politician. He was born in 1684 and died in 1764. Educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, he entered politics in 1705 as member for Hendon, retaining his seat until 1734, then sitting as member for Middlesex until he was made earl of Bath in 1742. He led the opposition against Walpole, and was offered the post of Prime Minister in 1742, but refused it.
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William Pynchon was an English colonist and heretic. He was born in 1590 and died in 1662. He went to New England from England in 1630. He founded a settlement at Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1636. He was given the government of the settlement in 1640, and managed affairs very Successfully. While in England in 1650 he published 'The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption', which caused great excitement as being heretical.
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William Clarke Quantrill was an American Confederate guerrilla commander. He was born in 1837 at Canal Dover (now Dover), Ohio and died in 1865. Before the American Civil War he was a gambler and, occasionally, a schoolteacher in the West and Midwest. Warrants for his arrest were issued several times on charges of murder, theft, and horse thievery. When the Civil War began in 1861, Quantrill, aided by the notorious outlaw Jesse James, headed a band of Confederate guerrillas in Missouri and Kansas, raiding farms and communities sympathetic to the Union. In 1862 he was commissioned a captain in the Confederate army; that same year he was declared an outlaw by Union authorities. On August the 21st 1863, he led his guerrillas on their most infamous exploit when they burned and pillaged the town of Lawrence, Kansas, killing more than 150 unarmed men, women, and children. In October, they killed about 100 Union soldiers at Baxter Springs, Kansas. Two years later the guerrillas were looting in Kentucky when a small force of Union soldiers
surprised them and fatally wounded Quantrill.
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William R Marshall was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Minnesota from 1866 until 1870.
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William R Merriam was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Minnesota from 1889 until 1893.
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William R Miller was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Arkansas from 1877 until 1881.
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William R Taylor was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Wisconsin from 1874 until 1876.
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William Rabun was an American politician. He was a Jeffersonian-Republican governor of Georgia from 1817 until 1819.
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Sir William Ramsay was a Scottish scientist. He was born in 1852 in Glasgow and died in 1916. He discovered the inert gases which include helium, argon and neon.
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William A Richardson was an american jurist and politician. He was born in 1821 at Massachusetts and died in 1896. He was Secretary of the US Treasury in Grant's Cabinet from 1873 to 1874. He was a Justice of the US Court of Claims from 1874 to 1885, when he became Chief Justice.
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William H Rinehart was an american sculptor. He was born in 1825 at Baltimore and died in 1874. He was one of the most prominent of American sculptors, and produced, among his works of art, 'Indian Girl', 'The Woman of Samaria', 'Love Reconciled with Death', 'Clytie', and a statue of Chief-Justice Roger Taney.
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William C Rives was an American statesman. He was born in 1793 and died in 1868. He represented Virginia in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1823 to 1829. While Minister to France from 1829 to 1832 he negotiated the Indemnity Treaty of 1831. He was a US Senator from 1833 to 1834 and from 1836 to 1845, Minister to France from 1849 to 1853, and a Confederate Congressman from 1861 to 1864.
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Sir William Robertson was the only British soldier to join as a private and make field-marshal. He was born in 1860 and died in 1933.
William Robertson was a Scottish historian. He was born in 1721 and died in 1793. He published eight books on the History of America, dealing with the settlement and history of the Spanish colonies.
William Erigena Robinson was an Irish-born American journalist and politician. He was born in 1814 and died in 1892. He went to America from Ireland in 1836. He was prominent as a correspondent of the New York Tribune under the pseduonym of Richelieu. He represented New York in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1866 to 1868 and from 1880 to 1884. He secured the passage of a bill in 1868 asserting the rights of expatriation and naturalization.
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William Michael Rossetti was the brother of Dante Gabriele Rossetti. He was an English author. He was born in 1829 and died in 1919.
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William Rutherford was a Scottish physiologist. He was born in 1839 at Anerum and died in 1899. He became assistant to the professor of physiology at Edinburgh university; in 1869 he was appointed to the chair of physiology at King's college London, and in 1874 returned to Edinburgh where he remained.
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William S Archer was an American politician. He was born in 1789 and died in 1855. He was a member of Congress from 1820 to 1835 and a US Senator from 1841 to 1847.
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William S Beardsley was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Iowa from 1949 until 1954.
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William S Flynn was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Rhode Island from 1923 until 1925.
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William S Jennings was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Florida from 1901 until 1905.
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William S Pennington was an American politician. He was a Democratic- Republican governor of New Jersey from 1813 until 1815.
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William S Taylor was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kentucky from 1899 until 1900.
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William Thomas Sampson was an American admiral. He was born in 1840 at Palmyra, New York and died in 1902. He was superintendent of the Naval Academy from 1886 to 1890 and chief of the Bureau of Ordnance from 1892 to 1897. When the war with Spain broke out, he was placed in command of the American North Atlantic fleet, whose operations resulted in the destruction of the Spanish fleet at Santiago.
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William Sancroft was an archbishop of Canterbury. He was born in 1617 at Fressingfield, Suffolk and died in 1693. Until 1651 he was a fellow of Emmanuel College Cambridge. From 1651 to 1660 he was engaged in literary work. After the Restoration he was created dean of York in 1662 and in 1664 dean of St Paul's, superintending the building of St Paul's Cathedral after the Great Fire of London. He was made archbishop of Canterbury in 1678. In 1688 he signed the petition against the Declaration of Indulgence and was committed to the Tower and tried for seditious libel, but was acquitted. In 1689 he was suspended from his office for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary.
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William Schley was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Georgia from 1835 until 1837.
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William Schuman was an American composer. He was born in 1910 and died in 1992. He composed Credendum, New England Triptych.
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William Scoresby was an English Arctic explorer. He was born in 1789 near Whitby and died in 1857. He made his first voyage to Greenland when he was eleven, and after 1810 continued to make a voyage to Greenland annually until 1822.
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William Henry Seward was an American politician. He was born in 1801 at Orange County, New York and died in 1872. Educated at Union College in 1820, and having studied law he entered on its practice at Auburn. The anti-Masonic excitement broke out soon afterward, and William Seward was carried into the State Senate on a wave of this feeling in 1830.
In 1834 he was defeated as the Whig candidate for Governor. About this time began the political partnership of Thurlow Weed, Horace Greeley and William Seward, which was far-reaching in its influence on State and National affairs. William Seward was Governor in 1839 to 1843. In 1849 he entered the US Senate. He was in that body one of the leaders of the anti-slavery men, and when the Republican party was formed he was among its foremost orators.
Among his numerous speeches were that in 1850, which spoke of the 'higher law', and the 'irrepressible conflict' oration of 1858. In 1860, at the Chicago Convention, William Seward was at the start the leading candidate for the Presidential nomination. The many elements opposed to him proved too strong, and Abraham Lincoln was nominated. The new President called his chief rival to the Department of State. Secretary Seward's tenure of his office, 1861 to 1869, covers the highly important periods of the American Civil War and of reconstruction. Many were the delicate questions, especially with England, as in the Trent affair and throughout the struggle, also with France in the Mexican episode.
William Seward's ability in the conduct of the foreign relations has been generally praised. On the night of Abraham Lincoln's assassination he was stabbed and dangerously injured. In 1867 he negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million, a move which was at the time dubbed 'Sewards Folly'. And he made various West Indian treaties which failed of confirmation. He traveled extensively after retiring from office, and the narratives of his travels, as well as his speeches, have been published.
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William Seymour (2nd Duke of Somerset) was an English loyalist leader. He was born in 1588 and died in 1660. Grandson of Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford, he married Ararbella Stuart in 1610 and lived in exile in Paris from 1610 until 1616. he inherited the earldom of Hertford in 1621 and was raised to a marquessate in 1640 when he became a governor to the prince of Wales. A royalist general, he captured Hertford in 1642, Cirencester and Bristol in 1643, and was in charge at Oxford from 1645 until 1646. Although attending Charles I during his captivity and trial, William Seymour was left at liberty during the Commonwealth and in 1660 welcomed Charles II at Dover. He received back his forfeited estates, and was created duke of Somerset in renewal of the duchy which had been suppressed in 1552.
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William Shakespeare was an English dramatist and poet. He was born in 1564 at Stratford-Upon-Avon and died in 1616.
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William Tecumseh Sherman was an American general. He was born in 1820 at Lancaster. Ohio and died in 1891. One of the most famous American generals of all time, he graduated at West Point in 1840. He was engaged in the Seminole War, and in the Mexican War took part in the expedition to California. In 1853 he resigned, and was in business in California, New York and Kansas. During 1860 and 1861 he was superintendent of a military college in Louisiana. When the American Civil War began he was appointed colonel. At the first Battle of Bull Run he commanded a brigade. In October he was transferred to the department of the Cumberland, but was removed the next month. William Sherman was one of the few who early in the war foresaw the severity of the contest. In 1862 he was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee, and with his division contributed materially to the victory of Shiloh. Made major-general of volunteers and corps commander, he had a signal share in the success of the Vicksburg campaign. He was now promoted to be brigadier-general in the regular army, and commanded the left wing at the battle of Chattanooga. Immediately afterward he was sent to relieve Burnside at Knoxville.
When Ulysses Simpson Grant in 1864 assumed command of all the Federal armies he entrusted William Sherman with the task of crushing the Rebellion in the West. Accordingly in the spring General Sherman with a powerful force moved southward, opposed by General J E Johnston in the mountains of Northern Georgia. These great strategists contended at Dalton, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, etc. In the vicinity of Atlanta three severe battles were fought with Hood, and that city was taken. In November William Sherman started on his famous march to the sea, reaching Savannah at Christmas time. He was now a major-general in the regular army. Leaving Savannah in February, he entered Columbia, fought the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville, and after Robert E Lee's surrender, concluded a treaty with Johnston; as this was rejected by the Government, another treaty on September the 26th, 1865, was framed, and Johnston's army surrendered. General Sherman was promoted to be lieutenant-general in 1866, and succeeded Ulysses Simpson Grant as general and Commander-in-chief in 1869. He retired from the army in 1883.
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William Shirley was an English colonial governor. He was born in 1693 and died in 1771. He went to Massachusetts from England in 1734. He was Royal Governor of Massachusetts from 1741 to 1749. He planned the successful expedition against Cape Breton in 1745. He was again Governor of Massachusetts from 1753 to 1756, and was commander of the forces in British North America at the outbreak of the French War in 1755.
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William Gilmore Simms was an American poet. He was born in 1806 at South Carolina and died in 1870. He wrote a number of poems, the best of which is 'Atlantis, a Tale of the Sea'. He is best known for his romances, illustrative of Southern life, and founded on Revolutionary and border incidents in South Carolina.
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William Slade was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Vermont from 1844 until 1846.
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William Smallwood was an American politician. He was born in 1732 and died in 1792. He commanded the Maryland battalion at Brooklyn Heights, White Plains, Fort Washington and Germantown. He distinguished himself at Camden. He was Governor of Maryland from 1785 to 1788.
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William Smellie was a Scottish editor and writer. He was born in 1740 at Edinburgh and died in 1795. Apprenticed to the firm of printers for Edinburgh University, William Smellie was allowed by the university to attend lectures, and quickly made a name for himself as a scholar. He was later approached by Andrew Bell and Colin Macfarquhar and asked to edit the encyclopaedia they wished to produce. William Smellie then became one of the trio to produce the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and although he acknowledged copying and inserting existing articles by some 150 authors, William Smellie also wrote his own articles including a controversial criticism on Doctor Johnson and his dictionary. During his day, William Smellie was renowned for his scholarship, sense of humour and wit, love of Robert Burns' poetry and equally strong love of public houses.
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Sir William Smith was a British classical scholar and encyclopaedist. He was born in 1813 and died in 1893. After studying at University College, London, and Gray's Inn he became a master at University College School and edited works of Plato and Tacitus. He produced a number of important classical works including a dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology and A Dictionary of the Bible. He was knighted in 1892.
Sir William Sidney Smith was a British sailor. He was born in 1764 and died in 1840. he entered the navy at the age of thirteen, and served on the North American station. From 1785 until 1790 he travelled in France, Morocco and Sweden and in 1790 served as a volunteer in the Swedish expedition against Russia. In 1793 he was recalled to the navy, took part in Hood's action off Toulon, and commanded a frigate in the North Sea from 1794 until 1796, when he was captured by the French. After two years he escaped, was given a Mediterranean command, and in 1799 undertook the defence of St Jean d'Acre against Napoleon., holding the place successfully for eleven weeks. He prosecuted the war off the coasts of Italy from 1806 until 1807, upholding the rule of the Bourbon tyrants. He retired in 1814.
William Smith was an American jurist and politician. He was born in 1762 and died in 1840. He represented South Carolina in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1797 to 1799. He was a circuit judge from 1799 to 1816. He served in the South Carolina Senate from 1806 to 1808. He was a US Senator from 1817 to 1823 and from 1826 to 1831. He was a strict State-rights advocate, but opposed nullification.
William Smith was an American politician. He was born in 1796 and died in 1887. He represented Virginia in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1841 to 1843. He was Governor of Virginia from 1845 to 1848, and again a Congressman from 1853 to 1861.
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William Johnson Sollas was an English geologist. He was born in 149 at Birmingham and died in 1936. Educated at the City of London School, the Royal School of Mines, and St John's College, Cambridge, he became university extension lecturer in 1873, holding the post until 1878. He was professor of geology and zoology at Bristol from 1880 until 1883; professor of geology and mineralogy at Dublin University from 1883 until 1897 and professor of geology and palaeontology at Oxford University in 1897. From 1908 until 1909 he was president of the geological society.
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William Somerset Maugham was an English novelist. He was born in 1874 at Paris and died in 1965.
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William Somerville was an English poet. He was born in 1675 at Colwich, Staffordshire and died in 1742.
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William Spottiswoode was an English mathematician. He was born in 1825 at London and died in 1883. He succeeded to his father's business as Queen's printer in 1846, but remained a devoted student of mathematical and physical science, publishing several works on the subject.
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William Sprague was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Rhode Island from 1838 until 1839.
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William Spry was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Utah from 1909 until 1917.
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William Clarkson Stanfield was an Irish painter. He was born in 1794 at Sunderland and died in 1867. He started life as a sailor, and was then employed on scene painting in Edinburgh, and at the Royalty, Coburg and Drury Lane theatres in London. The marine subjects he subsequently produced are realistic but monotonously lacking in colour. He was elected ARA in 1832, and RA in 1835.
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William Starke Rosecrans was an American soldier. He was born in 1819 and died in 1898. An American general, he was educated at West Point, graduating in 1842. Previous to the American Civil War he was a professor at the academy, an engineer and a financier. Being appointed colonel of Ohio volunteers in 1861, he served in West Virginia, and won the Battle of Rich Mountain in July, 1861. He next succeeded McClellan in the Department of the Ohio, and gained the victory of Carnifex Ferry in September. Appointed commander of the Army of the Mississippi, he conquered at Iuka in September, 1862, at Corinth in October, and succeeded Buell as commander of the Army of the Cumberland. He fought the great battle of Murfreesboro', showed skillful strategy in the next months, and was defeated at Chickamauga. After this Rosecrans was superseded, sent to the West, and put on waiting orders. He resigned in 1867. He was Minister to Mexico, from 1868 to 1869, Democratic Congressman from California, from 1881 to 1885, and Register of the US Treasury from 1885 to 1893.
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William Thomas Stead was an English journalist. He was born in 1849 at Embleton, Durham and died in 1912. The son of a Congregational minister he was educated at Silcoates School, Wakefield. Leaving a merchant's office to edit 'The Northern Echo' at Darlington in 1871 he left there in 1880 to be an assistant editor of the 'The Pall Mall Gazette' and in 1883 became editor. He left 'The Pall Mall Gazette' in 1889 and in 1890 founded 'The Review of Reviews', and in 1895 started a penny Masterpieces Library. He was a passenger on board the Titanic and drowned when it sunk in 1912.
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William Stokes was an Irish physician. He was born in 1804 at Dublin and died in 1878. He wrote a number of works including 'An Introduction to the Use of the Stethoscope', published in 1825.
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William Stone was an American settler. He was born about 1603 and died about 1695. He was appointed Governor of Maryland in 1649, and founded the settlement of Providence, now Annapolis. He was removed from office in 1653.
William Joel Stone was an American politician. He was born in 1848 at Kentucky and died in 1918. Called to the bar in 1869, he sat in Congress from 1885 until 1891 before becoming governor of Missouri from 1893 until 1897, and becoming a senator in 1903.
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William Wetmore Story was an American sculpture. He was born in 1819 at Salem, Massachusetts and died in 1895. The son of Joseph Story, he studied law then literature and finally adopted sculpture as a profession and settled in Rome. He executed the National Monument in Independence Square, Philadelphia.
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William Stott was an English artist. He was born in 1858 at Oldham and died in 1900. He studied under Gerome in Paris, and for some time afterwards lived in France, chiefly near Fontainebleau, before settling in London where his art attracted great attention, particularly his figure-subjects, though he also painted landscapes, particularly mountain landscapes.
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William Scott Stowell (Baron Stowell) was an English lawyer. He was born in 1745 at Heworth, Durham and died in 1836. Educated at Newcastle Grammar School and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, he became Camden lecturer on ancient history at Oxford and a barrister and in 1780 began to practise law in London. In 1788 he was made a judge, and from 1798 until 1827 was judge of the court of the admiralty, and was the founder of British prize law. After sitting in the House of Commons as member for Oxford University, he was made a baron in 1821.
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William Strang was a Scottish painter and etcher. He was born in 1859 at Dumbarton and died in 1921. Educated at University College, London, he studied under Legros at the Slade School in London. He attained distinction as an etcher on a range of subjects, emulating Rembrandt's broad masses of light and shade, and also showing influence from Holbein. He was made ARA in 1906 and RA in 1921.
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William Strong was an American politician and jurist. He was born in 1808 and died in 1895. He represented Pennsylvania in the US Congress as a Democrat from 1847 to 1851. He was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1857 to 1868, and a Justice of the US Supreme Court from 1870 to 1880, when he retired. He was a member of the electoral commission in 1877.
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William Strutt was an English inventor. He was born in 1756 and died in 1830. A son of Jedediah Strutt, he was made FRS.
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William Stubbs was an English prelate and historian. He was born in 1825 at Knaresborough and died in 1901. He became a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford in 1848 and in 1866 regius professor of modern history. In 1862 he was made librarian at Lambeth by Archbishop Longley. He was a curator of the Bodleian in 1868, canon of St Paul's in 1879, bishop of Chester in 1884 and bishop of Oxford in 1889. He wrote a number of reputable historical works including 'Constitutional History of England'.
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William Stukeley was an English antiquary and divine. He was born in 1687 at Holbeach, Lincolnshire and died in 1765. He studied medicine at Cambridge and at St Thomas' hospital, London. In 1718 he help to found the Society of Antiquaries, and in 1729 took holy orders and became the rector of St George the Martyr in Bloomsbury in 1747. He wrote a number of books describing antiquities observed on his travels around Great Britain.
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William Sulzer was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New York during 1913.
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William Swinton was an American journalist and writer. He was born in 1833 and died in 1892. He became connected with the New York Times in 1858 and became a war correspondent in 1862. He traveled in the South in 1867 and collected material for a book entitled History of the Civil War. He wrote the Times' review of McClellan, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, and other books including a series of educational school books.
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William Symington was a Scottish engineer. He was born in 1763 at Leadhills and died in 1831, Educated at Glasgow University and Edinburgh University, in 1787 he patented an improved form of steam engine, which he applied in conjunction with Patrick Miller to paddle-wheel steamers. In 1802 the Charlotte Dundas tug-boat was fitted with a further improved form of William Symington's steam engine, which proved very successful. His inventions provided the foundation for later steamships, but despite this William Symington died in poverty.
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William T Cahill was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Jersey from 1970 until 1974.
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William T Cobb was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1905 until 1909.
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William T Haines was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1913 until 1915.
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William T Hamilton was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Maryland from 1880 until 1884.
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William T Watson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Delaware from 1895 until 1897.
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William Henry Fox Talbot (Fox Talbot) was an English inventor. He was born in 1800 and died in 1877. Educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge he became renowned as a mathematician and spent most of his time studying scientific matters and archaeology. In 1833 he made the discovery - that of the action of light upon paper impregnated with silver iodide or silver nitrate - on which photography rests and published his findings in 1839, calling the process calotype, also known as talbotype.
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William Bernard Tegetmeier (WB Tegetmeier) was an English naturalist. He was born in 1816 at Colnbrook and died in 1912. Educated in medicine, he became a journalist and was appointed natural history editor of 'The Field' magazine. He developed the use of homing pigeons for use in war, and worked with Charles Darwin in his inquiries into variations in animals.
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William Tell was the legendary national hero of Switzerland. He is mentioned in a ballad and in a chronicle both written about 1470. The story goes that Gessler, the tyrannical bailiff of the duke of Austria, ordered those that passed to salute the duke's hat set up in Altdorf. In 1307, refusing to do so, William Tell a peasant of Uri, was arrested and given the choice of execution or of shooting an apple place upon his young son's head. William Tell chose the apple, and successfully shot it from his son's head without harming the boy.
Taken as a prisoner in a boat by Gessler and his men, William Tell leapt out of the boat and escaped to the shore during a storm, from where he ambushed the tyrant Gessler and shot him in the hollow lane at Kussnacht. William Tell then led an uprising which resulted in Swiss independence.
Rossini produced an opera about William Tell, entitled Guillaume Tell in 1829. In 1895 a memorial statue to William Tell, showing the hero and his son, by Kissling was erected at Altdorf.
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Sir William Temple was an English statesman and essayist. He was born in 1628 at London and died in 1699. Educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge he represented Carlow in the Irish parliament in 1660, and became a diplomat in 1665. In 1668 he affected the alliance between England and Holland and Sweden and in 1677 brought about the marriage of William of Orange and Mary.
William Temple was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Delaware from 1846 until 1847.
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William Makepeace Thackeray was an English novelist, humorist and essayist. He was born at Calcutta in 1811 and died in 1863. Sent to England in 1817 he was educated at Charterhouse and at Trinity College, Cambridge, which he left without taking a degree. In 1831 he entered the Middle Temple, but abandoned law for journalism. In 1833 he bought 'The National Standard' which he edited for the few months it survived and in 1836 he went to Paris as correspondent for the short-lived 'Constitutional'. In 1836 he married Isabella Shawe. Thackeray was for a long time on the staff of 'Fraser's Magazine' to which he contributed stories, essays and verses, caricatures, art criticism and reviews. Among his principal contributions were 'The Yellowplush Papers', published in 1837 and 1838, which attracted attention and were pirated in the USA. Later Thackeray received widespread attention as a contributor to 'Punch' and 'The Snobs of England'. Among his best known novels is 'Vanity Fair'.
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William Tharp was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Delaware from 1847 until 1851.
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William The Conqueror (William I) was a King of England. He was born in 1027 in Falaise and died in 1087. He was the son of Robert the Devil, Duke of Normandy and of Arlette, the daughter of a tanner of Falaise. He succeeded his father as duke in 1035 but was not thoroughly established in power until 1047. He was offered succession of the English crown by his cousin, Edward the Confessor in 1051, and in 1064 Harold of Wessex also recognised the Norman duke's pretensions to the English crown. However, when Edward the Confessor died Harold II refused to be bound by a promise which he said was extorted from him, and seized the throne. In consequence William invaded England and defeated Harold II at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. His victory at Hastings and his subsequent coronation in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day in 1066 did not give him complete control of England. Remaining resistance was, however, severely crushed and castles built to control the country (including a fortress at Windsor, and the White Tower at
the Tower of London). The lands of defeated Saxon nobles were given to William's followers in return for military service by a certain number of knights, so that the tenants' foremost obligation was allegiance to the King. This firmly established the feudal system. In 1086, William commissioned the Domesday Book, to record land holdings for the assessment of taxes and other dues. William spent long periods in Normandy to maintain his authority there, dealing with rebellions and French invasions. William died in 1087 in Normandy, leaving his duchy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his next surviving son, William Rufus.
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William Theed was an English sculptor. He was born in 1804 at Trentham and died in 1891. He executed the Africa group on the Albert Memorial in Hyde Park.
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William Thompson (known as Bendigo) was an English boxer. He was born in 1811 at Nottingham and died in 1880. After retiring from boxing he became a teetotaller and a revivalist preacher.
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William John Thoms was a British antiquary. He was born in 1803 and died in 1885. For twenty years he was in the secretary's office at Chelsea Hospital; clerk from 1845 until 1863 and deputy librarian from 1863 until 1882 of the House of Lords. From 1838 until 1873 he was secretary of the Camden Society.
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William Thomson was an English prelate. He was born in 1819 at Whitehaven and died in 1890. Educated at Shrewsbury and at Queen's College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1842 and after holding several curacies, returned to Oxford in 1847 as tutor of his old college, becoming a provost in 1855. In 1861 he was consecrated bishop of Gloucester and in 1862 was appointed archbishop of York.
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William Davis Ticknor was an American publisher. He was born in 1810 and died in 1864. In 1832 he secured a partnership in the firm of Allen and Ticknor, at Boston, and developed the business with other partners, changing the name of the firm to Ticknor and Fields in 1854. They published 'The North American review' and 'The Atlantic Monthly', and their shop, the Old Corner Book Store, was for a long while the resort of the literary men of the period.
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William Torrens M'cullagh was a British politician. He was Born in 1813 at Ireland and died in 1894. He became a barrister. A keen social reformer and one of Cobden's friends, he entered the House of Commons as MP for Dundalk in 1847, and he stayed there with an interval until 1885, being MP for Finsbury from 1865 until 1885. Torrens was responsible in a sense for the creation of the London School Board, and for a measure of 1868 that assisted the clearing of slum areas. He wrote 'Industrial History of Free Nations' published in 1846 and 'History of Cabinets' published in 1894.
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William Trousdale was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Tennessee from 1849 until 1851.
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William Tryon was an irish-born American colonial governor. He was born in 1725 and died in 1788. He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of North Carolina in 1764. He was Governor from 1765 to 1771. He suppressed the revolt of the 'Regulators' with great cruelty. He became Governor of New York in 1771, and continued in office until 1778. He was detested by the patriots for his inhumanity and the destruction of Danbury, Fairfield and Norwalk, Connecticut.
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William Tudor Gardiner was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Maine from 1929 until 1933.
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William Tuke was an English philanthropist and the founder of the York retreat. He was born in 1732 at York and died in 1822. The son of Quakers, he became a tea and coffee emerchant and in 1791, becoming aware of the appalling conditions in lunatic asylums, induced the Society of Friends to take the matter up. In 1796 the York retreat opened and the principle of humane treatment of the insane, which he advocated, was gradually adopted elsewhere.
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William Turner was an English botanist. He was born in 1510 at Morpeth, Northumberland and died in 1568. Educated at Cambridge, he graduated from Pembroke Hall in 1530 and became a fellow. To his credit is the first strictly botanical book published in England, 'A New Herball' published in 1564.
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William Marcy Tweed was an American politician. He was born in 1823 at New York and died in 1878. He was a member of Congress from 1853 until 1855 and a senator from 1867 until 1871. He was chief commissioner of public works before being charged and tried on charges of forgery and larceny realting to the Tweed Ring and in 1873 was condemned to twelve years imprisonment. He was released, rearrested on a civil charge and was imprisoned. He escaped from prison and fled to Spain, but was sent back to the USA where he was imprisoned in Ludlow Street gaol where he died.
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William Tyndale was a British translator and tract writer. He was born in 1492 at Gloucestershire and died in 1536. Educated at Oxford and Cambridge universities, he was ordained as a priest in 1521 and became chaplain to Sir Hohn Walsh at Little Sodbury. In 1523 he moved to London where he preached at the chutch of St Dunstan's-in-the-West and in the house of Humphrey Monmouth, a rich draper. While in London he started to translate the New Testament into common language, before being forced to leave England and going to Holland and Germany. His translations caused conflict with Moore, and Henry VIII had him strangled and burned at the stake at Vilvorde, near Brussels.
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William W Chisholm was an American jurist. He was born in 1830 at Mississippi and died in 1877. He was a Unionist during the American Civil War, notwithstanding which he was repeatedly elected probate judge. He was murdered by a Ku Klux Klan mob.
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William W Brandon was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Alabama from 1923 until 1927.
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William W Heard was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Louisiana from 1900 until 1904.
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William W Hoppin was an American politician. He was a Whig governor of Rhode Island from 1854 until 1857.
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William W Scranton was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1963 until 1967.
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William W Stickney was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Vermont from 1900 until 1902.
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William Henry Waddington was a French diplomat. He was born in 1826 and died in 1894. He was ambassador to Great Britain from 1883 to 1893 and was responsible in a great part for the friendly relations between France and Britain.
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William Walker was an American adventurer. He was born in 1834 and died in 1860. He organized an unsuccessful expedition in 1853 for the conquest of the State of Sonora, Mexico. In 1855 he was induced to aid the 'Liberal' party in the Nicaragua troubles. He gained a victory at La Virgen, and took possession of Granada. He became Secretary of War and commander-in-chief. He gained undisputed control of Nicaragua and caused himself to be elected President in 1856. His government was recognized by the United States. He was defeated in an insurrection in 1857. He made two subsequent attempts to overthrow governments in Central America, in one of which he was captured and shot.
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William Vincent Wallace was a British composer. He was born in 1814 at Waterford and died in 1865. He composed operas.
Sir William Wallace was a Scottish patriot. He was born in 1270 and died in 1305. He organised Scottish resistance to Edward I in 1297 and was for a time successful until he was defeated by Edward I at Falkirk in 1298. He continued to wage war against England until he was betrayed and captured in 1305 when he was taken to London and executed.
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William Wallace Barron was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of West Virginia from 1961 until 1965.
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William Waller was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Mississippi from 1972 until 1976.
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William Walsh was an English writer and statesman. He was born in 1663 at Abberley and died in 1708. He was MP for Worcestershire from 1698 to 1702 and for Richmond in 1705. He steadily advocated the Protestant succession. He was the author of elegies and love poems. In 'Delia', one of five pastorals, he eulogises Mrs tempest, the subject of Pope's fourth pastoral. He was a dramatic collaborator with Congreve and Vanbrugh, and in prose he wrote 'Dialogue concerning Women, being a Defence of the Sex', in 1691. The Works of William Walsh appeared in 1736 and his biography in ' Lives' by Johnson and Cibber in 1753.
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Sir William Walton was an English composer. He was born in 1902 at Oldham.
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William Ware was an American clergyman. He was born in 1797 and died in 1852. He was pastor of the First Congregational Church in New York from 1821 to 1836. He wrote 'American Unitarian Biography', 'The Works and Genius of Washington Allston' and 'Life of Nathaniel Bacon', and also several historical novels, 'Zenobia', 'Aurelian', etc.
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William Augustine Washington was an American soldier. He was born in 1752 and died in 1810. He distinguished himself at Long Island, Trenton and Princeton. In 1778 he was lieutenant in Colonel Baylor's dragoons. In 1779 he joined the army of General Abraham Lincoln in the South. He defeated Colonel Tarleton at Rantowles. He captured the post at Rudgely's in 1780. He commanded a light corps at Cowpens, Guilford Court House, Hobkirk's Hill and Eutaw Springs.
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Sir John William Watson was an English poet. He was born in 1858 at Burley-in-Wharfedale, Yorkshire, and died in 1935. He wrote mainly political poems, but made his reputation with the poem 'Wordsworth's Grave' in 1890.
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William Weathersford was an American Indian chief. He was born about 1770 and died in 1824. He led the Creek Indians against the US forces during the War of 1812. In 1814 he voluntarily surrendered to General Jackson.
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William Childs Westmoreland is an American soldier. He was born in 1914. From 1964 to 1968 he was commander of the US forces in Vietnam.
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William Almon Wheeler was an American legislator and vice-president of the United States from 1877 to 1881. He was born in 1819 at Malone, New York and died in 1887. He was called to the bar in 1845. He occupied a seat in Congress for New York, from 1869 to 1877. He is remembered for 'the Wheeler Compromise' of 1875, whereby the government of Louisiana was settled. He was nominated to serve with President Hayes by the Republican party in 1877.
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William Whipple was an American soldier. He was born in 1730 and died in 1785. He was a delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress in 1775, 1776 and 1778, and signed the American Declaration of Independence. In 1777 he commanded a brigade at Saratoga and Stillwater, and he participated in General Sullivan's Rhode Island campaign in 1778. He was a member of the State Assembly from 1780 to 1784, and Judge of its Supreme Court from 1782 to 1785.
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William Wilberforce was an English statesman. He was born in 1759 at Hull and died in 1833. His life was dedicated to the abolition of slavery.
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William Wilkins was an American politician. He was born in 1779 and died in 1865. He represented Pennsylvania in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1831 to 1834 and in the US Congress from 1842 to 1844. He was Secretary of War in Tyler's Cabinet from 1844 to 1845.
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William Williams was an American politician. He was born in 1731 and died in 1811. He accompanied Colonel Williams' expedition to Lake George in 1755. He was a member of the Connecticut Assembly for more than fifty years and a judge of probate for forty years. He represented Connecticut in the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1777 and from 1783 to 1784, and signed the American Declaration of Independence.
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William Winder was an American soldier. He was born in 1775 and died in 1824. He led a successful expedition into Canada below Fort Erie in 1812. His brigade repelled the British attack at Stony Creek in 1813. He was in command at Bladensburg in 1814 where he was disastrously defeated.
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William Windom was an American politician. He was born in 1827 and died in 1891. He represented Minnesota in the US Congress as a Republican from 1859 to 1869. He served in the US Senate from 1870 to 1881. He was Secretary of the Treasury in Garfield's Cabinet in 1881, again a US Senator from 1881 to 1883, and Secretary of the Treasury in Harrison's Cabinet from 1889 to 1891.
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William Wirt was an American lawyer. He was born in 1772 at Virginia and died in 1834. He was a cabinet officer, and one of the ablest and most eloquent lawyers in the United States. He sat at one time in the State House of Delegates, but aside from that office he was not active in political life. One of his most celebrated speeches was that delivered in 1807 in the prosecution of Aaron Burr. From 1817 until 1829 William Wirt was Attorney-General of the United States. In 1832 he was the Anti-Masonic candidate for President, and received seven electoral votes.
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William Woodbridge was an American politician. He was born in 1780 and died in 1861. He was Judge of the Michigan Supreme Court from 1828 to 1832, and Governor of Michigan from 1840 to 1841. He was a Democratic US Congressman from 1841 to 1847.
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William Woods was an American jurist, politician and soldier. He was born in 1824 and died in 1887. He was a member of the Ohio Legislature from 1857 to 1860, serving as Speaker of the House in 1358. He was commissioned a lieutenant-colonel of Ohio volunteers, and fought at Shiloh, Arkansas Post, Resaca, Dallas, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station and Bentonville. He led a division in Sherman's march to the sea. He was a US Circuit Judge from 1869 to 1880, when he became a Justice of the US Supreme Court.
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William Wordsworth was an English poet. He was born in 1770 at Cockermouth and died in 1850.
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William Worth was an American soldier. He was born in 1794 and died in 1849. He joined the army in 1812. He served as an aide to General Winfield Scott in the campaigns of 1813 and 1814. He distinguished himself at the battles of Chippewa and Niagara. He was in command of the Department of Florida from 1841 to 1846 and was active in subduing the Seminole Indians. He was second in command to General Taylor at the outbreak of the Mexican War. He conducted an assault at Monterey and led his brigade in the battles from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico.
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William Wyatt Bibb was an American politician. He was a Democratic- Republican governor of Alabama from 1819 until 1820.
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William Y Atkinson was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Georgia from 1894 until 1898.
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Willie Blount was an American politician. He was a Democratic-Republican governor of Tennessee from 1809 until 1815.
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Willie Colon is an American musician. He was born in 1950 in the Bronx. He is renowned for his trombone playing and arrangements. He is also a keen civil rights and political activist, being a member of the United Nations Immigrant Foundation amongst other organisations.
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Willie P Mangum was an American politician. He was born in 1793 at North Carolina and died in 1861. He was a Representative from North Carolina from 1823 to 1826, and Senator from 1831 to 1836 and from 1840 to 1853, serving as a Whig. In 1836 he received the electoral votes of South Carolina for the Presidency.
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Willie Nelson is an American country and western music singer. He was born in 1933.
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Willis Joshua Bailey was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Kansas from 1903 until 1905.
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Willy Lehmann was a Soviet spy (codenamed Breitmann and Dike) within the Gestapo during the Second World War. He was recruited during the 1930's and during the war provided information on the methods used by German counterintelligence to track dissidents and Polish agents in Berlin. In 1942 he was revealed by a captured NKVD agent and secretly arrested and executed.
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Wilson Cary Nicholas was an American politician. He was a Democratic- Republican governor of Virginia from 1814 until 1816.
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Wilson G Harvey was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina from 1922 until 1923.
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Wilson Lumpkin was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Georgia from 1831 until 1835.
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Wilson C Nicholas was an American soldier. He was born in 1757 and died in 1820. He became an officer in the colonial army and commanded George Washington's life-guard until 1783. He was a member of the Virginia Convention that ratified the Federal Constitution. He represented Virginia in the US Senate as a Democrat from 1800 to 1804 and in the House from 1807 to 1809. He was Governor of Virginia from 1814 to 1817.
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Wilson Shannon was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Ohio from 1838 until 1840.
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Winfield Dunn was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Tennessee from 1971 until 1975.
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Winfield S Hancock was an American soldier. He was born in 1824 at Pennsylvania and died in 1886. He graduated from the US Military Academy in 1844. He was brevetted first lieutenant for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco during the Mexican War. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers in 1861, and joined the Army of the Potomac. He served under General McClellan in the Peninsular campaign, commanding at Yorktown, Williamsburg and Savage's Station, and was promoted colonel US army for his meritorious service. He led his brigade at South Mountain and Antietam, commanded as major-general at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and was prominent at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor and Petersburg.
In 1865 he received command of the Army of the Shenandoah, and in 1866 was made a major-general in the regular army. He was the Presidential candidate of the Democratic party in 1880, but was defeated by James A Garfield. General Grant said of him, 'Hancock stands the most conspicuous figure of all the general o | 
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