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C-peptide is a substance released by the pancreas into the bloodstream in equal amounts to insulin, therefore a test of C-peptide levels will show how much insulin the body is making.
 Research C-Peptide
Cabermox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Cabermox
Cachexia (cachexy) is a generally weakened condition of the body or the mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease.
Research Cachexia
Cacophobia is the fear of ugliness.
Research Cacophobia
A Caesarian operation is the extraction of a baby from the womb by cutting through the avdomen. It is so named after Julius Caesar who is said to have been delivered by the operation.
Research Caesarian Operation
Cainophobia is the fear of newness, novelty.
Research Cainophobia
Cajeput Oil is a volatile oil distilled from the leaves of the cajeput tree. It is a bluish-green liquid with a strong penetrating odour. It is applied externally as a counter-irritant for chilblains, myalgia and rheumatism, and is used internally as a carminative for gastro-intestinal troubles.
Research Cajeput Oil
Calamine is a pink powder that is made of zinc oxide with a small amount of ferric oxide. It is used in lotions, ointments, and liniments. It is a customary mixture that is soothing and healing to the skin. It is great for itchy rashes such as poison ivy. It is natural but some formulas contain phenol which can cause poisoning when applied to the skin. A blend of natural calamine and aloe vera is a good pure skin treatment for burns, rashes and insect bites.
Research Calamine
In human anatomy, the calcaneum or calcaneus bone, is the largest and strongest of the tarsal bones. It projects backwards beyond the bones of the leg to provide a lever for the muscles of the calf, and forms the lower, outer part of the ankle and extends downward to form the heel. It is responsible for bearing much of the immediate stress placed upon the foot during walking.
Research Calcaneum
Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid that lowers blood calcium. It is often used in the treatment of hypercalcemia.
Research Calcitonin
A Calcium Channel Blocker is a drug used to lower blood pressure.
Research Calcium Channel Blocker
Calculi are stones or solid lumps such as gallstones.
Research Calculi
Caligynephobia is the fear of beautiful women.
Research Caligynephobia
A callus is a small area of skin, usually on the foot, that has become thick and hard from rubbing or pressure.
Calluses may lead to other problems such as serious infection. Calluses are often caused by badly fitting shoes.
Research Callus
The calyces are the recesses in the internal medulla of the kidney which enclose the renal pyramids. They are used to subdivide the sections of the kidney anatomically, with distinction being made between major calyces and minor calyces.
Research Calyces
Campylobacter pylori was the original name for the bacterium that causes ulcers. The new name is Helicobacter pylori.
Research Campylobacter Pylori
Cancer is a disease of malignant tumours, what causes it is unknown, however experiments in the 1950s revealed a connection between conscious belief and cancer, that is patients who had cancerous tumours removed and believed themselves to be free of the cancer were less likely to suffer re- emergence of the cancer than patients who believed the cancer would re-occur.
Research Cancer
Candidiasis is a mild infection caused by the Candida fungus, which lives naturally in the gastrointestinal tract. Infection occurs when a change in the body, such as surgery, causes the fungus to overgrow suddenly.
Research Candidiasis
The canines are teeth that flank the incisors in the front corners of the mouth. The canines are predominantly conical, raising to a sharper point above the level of the other teeth. This structure makes the canines well suited to piercing and tearing pieces of food to be processed by the other teeth. The roots of canines have single root stems, like the incisors and the premolars.
Research Canines
A cannula is a small tube used in surgery through which any abnormal collection of fluid is drawn from the body.
Research Cannula
The canthus is the notch at each edge of the eye, where the two eyelids meet. The inner, or medial, canthus is called the nasal canthus, because of its proximity to the nasal structures. The outer, or lateral, canthus is called the temporal canthus because of its proximity to the temporal region of the skull. The nasal canthus features the fleshy, pink lachrymal caruncle and the canaliculi which lead into the lachrymal sac.
Research Canthus
About ten billion capillaries lace all body tissues, bringing blood within reach of every cell. They are the smallest blood vessels, microscopic in size, and contain less than five percent of the total circulating blood volume at any one time. Capillaries branch off from the metarterioles which connect arterioles with venules. The capillaries have thin walls, only one cell thick, across which oxygen and metabolic exchanges take place. As blood flows through the capillaries in the lungs, it changes from venous blood to arterial blood by unloading carbon dioxide and picking up oxygen. Its colour changes in the process from a deep crimson to a bright scarlet. As blood flows through tissue capillaries, it changes back from arterial blood to venous blood. The oxygen leaves the blood to enter cells, and the carbon dioxide leaves the cells and enters the blood.
Research Capillaries
The capitate bone is the largest bone in the human wrist. This bone is located in the centre of the distal row of the carpal bones.
Research Capitate Bone
Capsicum oleoresin is an oil from the pepper family that is used in hair tonics to arouse the scalp. It is said to upgrade hair growth.
Research Capsicum Oleoresin
The capsular ligaments encircle the shoulder joint, forming the bulk of the shoulder join capsule. These ligaments are attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity and around the neck of the humerus. They are reinforced by the supraspinatus, the subscapularis, the infraspinatus, the teres minor, and the long head of the triceps.
Research Capsular Ligaments
Captopril is a drug used to control high blood pressure and aid in the relief of heart failure. It has the possible side effects of: increased heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of taste, lack of appetite, rash, itching, dizziness and fainting.
Research Captopril
A carcinogen is a substance or agent that is known to cause cancer.
Research Carcinogen
Carcinophobia is the fear of cancer.
Research Carcinophobia
Cardiac muscle is red-coloured involuntary muscle that contracts automatically and rhythmically, like a smooth muscle, but is striated and multinucleated, like skeletal muscle. The muscle is fast- acting and powerful. It is under the control of the autonomic nervous system and continuously contracts and relaxes throughout life.
Research Cardiac Muscle
Cardiology is the branch of medical science concerned with the heart and its diseases.
Research Cardiology
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle usually caused by a biochemical defect or a toxin such as alcohol.
Research Cardiomyopathy
Cardiophobia is the fear of heart disease.
Research Cardiophobia
Cardioplegia is the deliberate arrest of the action of the heart, as by hypothermia or the injection of chemicals, so as to enable complex heart surgery to be carried out.
Research Cardioplegia
Carditis is a general term for inflammation of any part of the heart or its linings. Coxsackie is a form of viral carditis. In most cases more than one layer of the heart muscle is infected. Myocarditis or pericarditis may be the only manifestation of the infection. The infection has an incubation period of three to five days and may produce symptoms such as chest pain, cardiac arrhythmia, circulatory failure, and damage to the structures of the heart. The virus is transmitted through fecal-oral or respiratory droplet contact with an infected person.
Research Carditis
Caries is a disease of bone resulting from inflammation of bony tissue.
Research Caries
Carminatives are a class of remedies used in medicine for the relief of gastric and intestinal discomfort caused by the collection of gases formed during imperfect digestion.
Research Carminative
Carnophobia is the fear of meat.
Research Carnophobia
The arteries that provide the major portion of blood supply to the head and neck are the left and right common carotid, each of which divides into two branches: the external carotid, supplying the neck, the face, and the exterior of the head; and the internal carotid artery, supplying the anterior brain, eye, orbit, and sinuses. You can feel your pulse by placing your fingertips along the common carotid artery in the neck.
Research Carotid Arteries
The Carotid Arteries are three arteries on each side of the human neck. The term Carotid Artery is usually applied to the common carotid artery, which is the vessel injured when the throat is cut. Compression of the carotid arteries causes fainting from anaemia of the brain.
Research Carotid Artery
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder that causes pain, and interferes with the use of the hand. It is caused by pressure on the median nerve as the nerve passes through a canal formed by the bones and ligaments in the wrist (the carpal tunnel). A wide variety of conditions can cause the carpal tunnel to narrow and put pressure on the median nerve, including injuries, such as wrist fractures; arthritis complicated by swelling of the tendons in the carpal tunnel; pregnancy, which may cause the synovium around the tendons to thicken; and glandular abnormalities, such as diabetes and thyroid disorders. Work that involves repetitive wrist motions may also cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include pain and numbness in the thumb and in the index, middle, and ring fingers. Many people wake at night with these symptoms. Some sufferers experience weakness of hand muscles and may drop objects. Symptoms often occur when the wrist is flexed during such activities as driving a car or holding a book while reading.
Doctors treat carpal tunnel syndrome by attempting to improve the underlying condition. In many cases, doctors apply a splint to the wrist and prescribe anti-inflammatory medications. In some cases, surgery is performed to relieve symptoms and to prevent permanent damage to the median nerve.
Research Carpal tunnel syndrome
The carpus or carpals, consist of eight individual bones which compose each wrist. The small bones fit together in an exacting way to allow a wide range of flexibility in the wrist, while maintaining structural integrity. The eight bones of each wrist include the hamate, navicular, trapezium, pisiform, trapezoid, lunate, triquetrum, and capitate bones, which articulate with the metacarpals, the radius, and the ulna.
Research Carpus
Carron oil is a mixture of linseed oil and lime water which was formerly used for treating burns. It was first used at the Carron ironworks near Falkirk.
Research Carron Oil
Cartilage or cartilaginous tissue covers the ends of the bones where they come together to make a joint. It enables the bones to move easily.
Research Cartilage
In anatomy, a cartilaginous joint is an articulation where the bones are joined by cartilage, and a limited amount of movement is possible.
Research Cartilaginous joint
Cascara is an extract of the bark of the Californian buckthorn used as a laxative or cathartic.
Research Cascara
In medicine, castabasis refers to the decline of a disease.
Research Castabasis
Catagelophobia is the fear of being ridiculed.
Research Catagelophobia
Catalepsy is a disease characterised by seizures or trances which last for hours or days with a suspension of sensation and consciousness.
Research Catalepsy
Catapedaphobia is the fear of jumping from high and low places.
Research Catapedaphobia
Cataract is another name for a waterfall. In medicine, a cataract is a disease of the eye consisting in opacity of the lens which looks milky-white.
Research Cataract
Catarrh is the inflammation of a mucous membrane, particularly that of the nose, throat or bronchial tubes, causing an increased flow of mucus.
Research Catarrh
In psychotherapy, catharsis is the process of relieving an abnormal excitement by re-establishing the association of the emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and of eliminating it by complete expression.
Research Catharsis
A cathartic is a medicine which is capable of producing the second grade of purgation, of which a laxative is the first.
Research Cathartic
A catheter is a tube that is inserted into a hollow organ of the body in order to drain or introduce fluids. A urinary catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to relieve obstruction to the flow of urine. Cardiac catheters are used to measure blood pressure in the heart. Similar catheters are used to inject radio- opaque substances into blood vessels for X-ray examination.
Research Catheters
Cathisophobia is the fear of sitting.
Research Cathisophobia
Catoptrophobia is the fear of mirrors.
Research Catoptrophobia
The caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus are both part of the striated body (corpus striatum) of white and grey nerve fibres located just laterally from the fornix within the brain. The lentiform nucleus, or nucleus lenticularis, is the extra-ventricular portion, as it is imbedded in the white material of the cerebral hemisphere. The caudate nucleus, or nucleus caudatus, extends from the outer side of the optic thalamus to the roof of the decending cornu of the lateral ventricle, at the apex of the temporal lobe.
Research Caudate Nucleus
A cautery is a heated metal instrument used for burning or searing organic tissue.
Research Cautery
The cecum is the large, primary section of the large intestine, which accepts fluid food-by-products from the ileum of the small intestine through the ileocecal orifice. About eight centimeters long, the cecum transmits this by-product to the ascending section of the colon.
Research Cecum
Celebrex is a cox-2 inhibitor, a potentially deadly anti-inflammatory drug manufactured by the company Pfizer and very similar to the drug Vioxx, though a study in 2004 revealed that Celebrex is even more likely to cause a heart-attack or stroke than Vioxx, patients being roughly two and a half times more likely to suffer a stroke or heart attack if they take Celebrex than if they don't.
Research Celebrex
The celiac artery (celiac trunk) branches from the descending aorta near the opening in the diaphragm. It is a short thick branch of artery about an inch in length and divides into three branches, the gastric, hepatic, and splenic. It supplies the intestines, spleen, and liver.
Research Celiac Artery
The celiac ganglia are large clusters of nerve fibres which are related to the sympathetic nervous system. They are located on either side of the aorta, near where the celiac artery begins. Nerves extend from the sympathetic trunk to the celiac ganglia and from there to the stomach, gall bladder, bile ducts, adrenal glands, and further to the inferior and superior mesenteric ganglia, which innervate the intestines.
Research Celiac Ganglia
A cell, in biological terms, is the material unit of all living things.
Research Cell
Cellulitis is a disease characterised by the existence of a spreading inflammation of the tissues underlying the skin.
Research Cellulitis
The cementum (substantia ossea) is the third hard tissue of the tooth. Periodically secreted by specialized cells (cementoblasts) in the periodontal membrane, the cementum is a coarse material which binds and anchors the tooth to the periodontal ligament. The cementum is composed of about 50% organic tissue, with the rest being water and inorganic (mostly calcium) salts. If the periodontal membrane is damaged, the cementum may be reabsorbed back into the membrane.
Research Cementum
Cenophobia is the fear of new things or ideas.
Research Cenophobia
In the human body the central nervous system is that part of the nervous system comprising the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for issuing nerve impulses and analyzing sensory data.
Research Central Nervous System
Cephalagia is a medical term for headache.
Research Cephalalgia
Cephalagic refers to something which is a remedy for headache.
Research Cephalalgic
Cephalic is a classification of human skull. It refers to the shape of skull possessed by Kaffirs and Native Australians.
Research Cephalic
The cephalic vein extends along the biceps muscles to the shoulder where it eventually merges with the axillary vein just below the clavicle . In some people, this vein is connected to the external jugular vein or subclavian vein by a branch that extends in front of the clavicle.
Research Cephalic Vein
Ceraunophobia is the fear of thunder.
Research Ceraunophobia
The cerebellar arteries supply the part of the brain located at the base of the skull behind the brain stem, the cerebellum. Blockage, or occlusion, of one of the arteries leading to the cerebellum may result in the loss of awareness of pain and temperature, numbness of the face, and paralysis or lack of coordination on one side of the body.
Research Cerebellar Arteries
Cerebellar syndrome (Nonne's syndrome) is a disease of the cerebellum characterised by unsteady movements and the mispronunciation of words.
Research Cerebellar Syndrome
The cerebellum is a division of the brain, located below the cerebrum and in the posterior of the brain. The cerebellum features a central portion, called the vermis, and two side portions, or hemispheres - one on each side. It is the responsibility of the cerebellum to coordinate and modify the resultant activity of impulses and orders sent from the cerebrum. It does this by receiving information from nerve endings all over the body, such as the balance and equilibrium centers in the inner ear, and adjusts and fine tunes these actions by passing the regulating signals to the motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Damage to the cerebellum therefore results in loss of ability to maintain precise muscular coordination and fine cooperative actions of the motor processes (called ataxia).
Research Cerebellum
The cerebral aqueduct is a small canal near the midbrain which allows passage of the cerbrospinal fluid from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle. It is also called the aqueduct of Sylvius, after its discoverer.
Research Cerebral Aqueduct
Cerebral diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy in which there is widespread damage to the parts of both cerebral hemispheres that control the movements of the limbs.
Research Cerebral Diplegia
The cerebrum is the upper and larger portion of the brain and occupies the whole of the dome of the skull. The cerebrum is descriptively divided into four section, or lobes, named for the cranial bones which they are nearest: the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe, the parietal lobe, and the temporal lobe. Cerebrospinal fluid, used to support the brain and buffer it, is transmitted to these lobes by means of lateral ventricles which project branches, or horns (cornu), into the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes. The functions of each lobe are coordinated by connecting, or commissural, fibres. The frontal lobe is located behind the frontal bone and is responsible for voluntary motor coordination. It houses control areas for muscular control of the body and for coordinated rhythmical movements of the head and throat, such as in chewing, licking, and swallowing. The frontal lobe also contains the higher thought processing centers of memory, reasoning, and associative conceptualizing.
The occipital lobe is located just in front of the occipital bone and contains the centers responsible for sight. Damage to the occipital lobe therefore often results in vision impairment. The parietal lobe is located in the upper, middle part of the brain, next to the parietal bones. It houses the control centers for processing impulses related to the sense of touch. Temperature, texture, size, shape, and weight are analyzed and processed here. The temporal lobe is located on the side of each hemisphere of the brain, next to the temporal bone, and houses areas for the processing and correlation of auditory (hearing) and olfactory (smell) senses. Damage to this section of the brain can result in deafness, auditory hallucinations, and other hearing disorders.
Research Cerebrum
Cerumen is the yellow waxy substance secreted by certain glands in the outer ear, in the passage leading to the tympanum.
Research Cerumen
The cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck. They are divided into two sets: superficial and deep. There are three sets of superficial lymph glands: the submaxillary, near the jaw, the suprahyoid, near the hyoid bone in the throat, and the cervical which are located along the course of the external jugular vein. The deep cervical glands are large glands that are situated near the pharynx, esophagus, and trachea. When you have a sore throat, white blood cells mass together in these nodes to fight the infection, which is why your throat will often feel swollen and tender.
Research Cervical Lymph Nodes
The cervical plexus is a group of ascending and descending vein branches found in the tissue and muscles of the neck. These branches eventually converge with the jugular veins. The superficial branches join with the internal jugular vein and the deep branches join with the external jugular vein.
Research Cervical Plexus Vein
The cervical vertebrae are the first (upper) seven in the vertebral column. The first cervical vertebra is the atlas, so called because it directly bears the weight of the skull. The second cervical vertebra is called the axis, because it admits the rotation of the skull by allowing the atlas to pivot upon it. The other five cervical vertebrae have no names, but are called by their number (i.e., third cervical vertebra). Each of the cervical vertebra features a body and an arch. The body of each vertebra in the column bears the weight of the vertebrae above it (and the skull), while the arch serves to create a canal-like area along the spine to house and protect the spinal cord. Every cervical vertebra has a foramen in each of its transverse processes. The arch of the vertebra features a small knob or prominence, called an anterior tubercle. The anterior tubercles on the sixth cervical vertebra are particularly large and are known as the carotid tubercles.
Research Cervical Vertebrae
The cervix uteri (cervix) is the neck of the womb. It is the part of the uterus that projects into the upper part of the vagina. It is a powerful ring of muscle which is closed at most times but is able to dilate widely during childbirth.
Research Cervix uteri
Cetirizine dihydrochloride is an antihistamine widely used in the relief of hayfever and other allergies, the usual dosage is a single tablet containing 10 mg taken once a day by persons over the age of twelve - some sources advise cetirizine dihydrochloride is safe for children over the age of six. Cetirizine dihydrochloride should not be taken by pregnant or breast-feeding women, and can cause drowsiness, dizziness, agitation, stomach upset and intestinal pain.
Research Cetirizine Dihydrochloride
Chaetophobia is the fear of hair.
Research Chaetophobia
Chaga's disease is a form of trypanosomiasis found in South America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and characterised by fever and, often, inflammation of the heart muscles.
Research Chaga's Disease
A chancre is a painless ulcer tha develops at the site where an infection enters the body, typically on the lips, penis, urethra or eyelid, and is primarily a sympton of infections such as sleeping sickness and syphilis.
Research Chancre
Charcot's joint is a medical condition in which a joint becomes damaged, swollen and deformed, often the knee, due to repeated minor injuries being sustained of which the patient is unaware because the nerves that normally register pain are not working. Charcot's joint may occur in syphilis, diabetes mellitus and syringomyelia.
Research Charcot's Joint
Cheilosis is the condition of having swollen, cracked, bright-red lips. It is a common symptom of many nutritional disorders including ariboflavinosis.
Research Cheilosis
Cheimaphobia is the fear of cold.
Research Cheimaphobia
Cheiropompholyx is a type of eczema that affects the palms of the hands and the fingers.
Research Cheiropompholyx
Chemophobia is the fear of chemicals.
Research Chemophobia
Chemoprophylaxis is the prevention of disease by using chemical drugs.
Research Chemoprophylaxis
Chemosis is a swelling of the conjunctiva.
Research Chemosis
Chemotherapy is the treatment or prevention of disease, particularly cancer, by means of chemical substances. The term is sometimes restricted to the treatment of infectious diseases with antibiotics and other drugs, or to the treatment of cancer with antimetabolites and similar drugs.
Research Chemotherapy
Cherophobia is the fear of gaiety.
Research Cherophobia
Chickenpox, also called varicella, is a contagious viral infection caused by the herpes zoster (VZV) virus. It is the same virus that causes shingles. Chickenpox occurs primarily in young children and is a common childhood disease. It is rare in adults, but when it does occur it is usually more severe. It can be serious if left untreated. Symptoms include scattered red spots on the skin that have tiny 'watery blisters' in the center, weakness, nausea, fever, chills, and occasionally, in severe cases, pneumonitis. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with the skin rash or by airborne droplets (coughed or sneezed) from the respiratory tract of an infected person. The virus has an incubation period of two to three weeks before the rash begins to appear. The rash begins as small, flat, pink spots that develop into blisters. After several days, the blisters dry out and form scabs, which may itch. Scratching may lead to a secondary infection. Once the scabs have formed, the infected person is no longer contagious at this point. Although lifelong immunity is developed after an attack of chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the tissues and may cause shingles later in life. There is no cure for the chickenpox, but its symptoms can be alleviated with plenty of bed rest and drinking lots of fluids to prevent dehydration.
Research Chickenpox
Chillblains is the popular name for perniosis, a dusky red itchy swelling that develops on the extremeties in cold weather. Chillblains usually clear in about two weeks, but in severe cases may be treated with nifedipine.
Research Chillblains
Chionophobia is the fear of snow.
Research Chionophobia
Chiraptophobia is the fear of being touched.
Research Chiraptophobia
The first chiropractic treatment was founded by David Palmer in the late 19th century. It is a theory of alternative healing based on the belief that disease results from a lack of normal nerve function. The chiropractor maintains or restores health by manipulating the vertebrae of the spine and the body's joints and muscles. Manipulation improves the flow of nerve impulses to the brain thus increasing the body's own ability to solve its health problems.
Research Chiropractor
Chitin is an organic substance which forms part of the exoskeleton of arthropods.
Research Chitin
Chlamydia is a genus of virus-like bacteria responsible for such diseases as trachoma, psittacosis, and some sexually transmitted diseases.
Research Chlamydia
Chlamydial pneumonia, or psittacosis, is caused by the bacteria-like organism Chlamydia psittaci. Other common names for this disease are ornothosis or parrot fever. The microorganism is transmitted to humans from infected birds, especially parrots. The incubation period of this organism is not known, but it occurs in infants from 4 to 12 weeks. Symptoms include a dry cough, headache, high fever and anorexia. The chlamydia organisms are hard to isolate and culture, making diagnosis difficult.
Research Chlamydial Pneumonia
Chloasma is the appearance on a person's skin, usually the face, of patches of a darker colour. It is associated with hormonal changes caused by liver disease or the use of oral contraceptives.
Research Chloasma
Chloracne is a disfiguring skin disease resulting from contact with, ingestion or inhalation of certain chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons.
Research Chloracne
Chloral hydrate is a white crystalline solid with a faint odour used in medicine as a hypnotic since 1869. Related to chloroform, chloral hydrate is not as strong as some of the more recent drugs in this category, but administered with alcohol, the crystalline powder - the so-called 'knockout drops' - can produce coma. Chloral hydrate also irritates mucous membranes and skin.
Research Chloral hydrate
Chlorambucil is a drug derived from nitrogen mustard, administered orally in the treatment of leukaemia and other malignant diseases.
Research Chlorambucil
Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (known under the tarde names of Librax, Libritabs, Librium, Mesural, Multum, Risolid, Silibrin, Sonimen, Zetran) is an orally ingested or injected limbic Central nervous system depressant (tranquilizer) used in medicine for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of anxiety.
Research Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride
Chlordiazopoxide is a popular term for the tranquilizer chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride.
Research Chlordiazopoxide
Chlorodyne is a mixture of hydrchloride of morphine, chloroform, ether, prussic acid, treacle, extract of liquorice, oil of peppermint and syrup formerly used in medicine to treat severe diarrhoea, colic and coughs.
Research Chlorodyne
Chloroform (trichloromethane) is a compound of carbon, hydrogen and chlorine, and was made from alcohol, water and bleaching powder. It was discovered by Soubeiran in 1831 and independently by Liebig in 1832. It was first used as an anaesthetic in 1847 by Sir James Simpson of Edinburgh. In the presence of light, however, it tends to decompose, yielding the highly poisonous compound phosgene. Even when pure, it causes fatal cardiac paralysis in about one out of 3000 cases, and so is seldom used for anesthesia anymore.
Research Chloroform
Chlorosis, populary known as greensickness, is a disorder, formerly common in adolescent girls, characterised by pale greenish-yellow skin, weakness, and palpitation and caused by insufficient iron in the body.
Research Chlorosis
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine, largactil) is a depressive drug which is orally ingested or injected. It has undetermined psychotropic effects on the Central nervous system and is used in the management of manic psychotic disorders and disturbances, and also post-operative vomiting. It is also used to produce a state of artificial hibernation for operations on the heart and great vessels.
Research Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
The choanae are the posterior nasal apertures, visible in the inferior vier of the skull. The two choanae are separated by the posterior border of the vomer, and are evident at the rear of the palatine bones.
Research Choanae
Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gall bladder. It is carried out when gallstones or infection lead to inflammation of the gall bladder, which may then be removed either by conventional surgery or by keyhole surgery.
Research Cholecystectomy
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the micro organism Vibrio cholerae. It is endemic in India and some other tropical countries and occasionally spreading to temperate climates. The symptoms of cholera are diarrhoea and the loss of water and salts in the stool. In severe cholera, the patient develops violent diarrhoea with characteristic 'rice-water stools,' vomiting, thirst, muscle cramps, and sometimes circulatory collapse. Death can occur as quickly as a few hours after the onset of symptoms. The mortality rate is more than 50 percent in untreated cases, but falls to less than 1 percent with proper treatment. Treatment consists mainly of intravenous or oral replacement of fluids and salts. Packets for dilution containing the correct mixture of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and glucose have been made widely available by the WHO. Most patients recover in three to six days. Antibiotics such as tetracyclines, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can shorten the duration of the disease, but have their own long term risks in damage to the immune system.
Research Cholera
Cholera Morbus or Asiatic cholera is a strain of cholera first described in 1560 and first appeared in India in 1774 and became endemic in Lower Bengal in 1817 whence it gradually spread until in reached Russia in 1830 and Germany in 1831 killing more than 900,000 persons between 1829 and 1830.
Research Cholera Morbus
Cholerophobia is the fear of anger.
Research Cholerophobia
Cholesterol is a steroid alcohol present in animal cells and body fluids.
Research Cholesterol
Choline magnesium trisalicylate is a drug used to treat arthritis; mild-to-moderate pain and fever. It has the possible side effects of: ringing in the ears and hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, gastric distress, hidden bleeding, rash, hypersensitivity manifested by shock and/or asthma.
Research Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate
The chorion is the outermost layer of the fertilized ovum (zygote) that furnishes a protective and nutritive covering and produces the amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid protects the embryo and fetus during pregnancy and the rupture of the amniotic sac is one of the first signs that labor has begun. During childbirth the amniotic fluid lubricates the cervical canal, facilitating the passage of the head of the fetus through the cervical canal.
Research Chorion
The choroid plexus is a vascular layer of the inner eye that lies between the retina and sclera. It is composed of a thin network of branching blood vessels that bring a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to the retina. The choroid, along with the iris and ciliary body, constitute the uveal tract which is the pigmentary, or middle, portion of the eye.
Research Choroid Plexus
Chorophobia is the fear of dancing.
Research Chorophobia
Chrematophobia is the fear of money.
Research Chrematophobia
Christmas disease (named after the first patient with the disease to be studied in detail) is a relatively mild type of haemophilia, caused by lack of a protein (Christmas factor) implicated in the process of blood clotting.
Research Christmas Disease
Chrometophobia is the fear of money.
Research Chrometophobia
Chromophobia is the fear of colour.
Research Chromophobia
A chromosome is a rod-shaped structure containing genes that is found in the cell nucleus. It is composed of long strands of DNA with many proteins attached.
Research Chromosome
Chronomentrophobia is the fear of clocks.
Research Chronomentrophobia
Chronophobia is the fear of time.
Research Chronophobia
Chrysophobia (aurophobia) is the fear of gold.
Research Chrysophobia
Cibophobia (sitophobia) is the fear of food.
Research Cibophobia
Cicatrization is a technical term for scarring due to cutting. Cicatrization has been used for body decoration, as a rite of passage and for heightening sexual pleasure for thousands of years, particularly in Africa.
Research Cicatrization
Cilamox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Cilamox
Cilia are tiny hairs which cover the inside of many mucous linings. They are found throughout the body and, by their wave-like motion, they serve to filter and transport particulate material along the surface of the mucosal lining. Respiratory cilia are responsible for helping to filter dust and debris out of inhaled air and transmitting it with mucous to the pharynx to be swallowed. The nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi mucous linings each have these structures.
Research Cilia
The ciliary ganglion is an enlarged cluster of nerve fibres where the oculomotor nerve branches into the many short ciliary nerves which supply the iris and cornea of the eye. These short ciliary nerves run more or less parallel to the long ciliary nerves, which also innervate the iris and cornea, but which originate in the nasociliary nerve before the ciliary ganglion.
Research Ciliary Ganglion
The ciliary muscles are small muscles responsible for changing the shape of the lens of the eye in the process of accomodation. Accomodation is the automatic process by which the lens focuses on images in the distance. The ciliary muscle consists of two sets of fibres: radiating and circular. Contraction of the ciliary muscle relaxes the suspensory ligaments, allowing the lens to become more convex.
Research Ciliary Muscle
Cirrhosis is any of various chronic progressive diseases of the liver, characterised by the death of liver cells and irreversible fibrosis. Cirrhosis is caused by inadequate diet, excessive alcohol, chronic infection and others.
Research Cirrhosis
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) is a fatal slow-developing virus disease that affects the central nervous system. It is characterised by mental deterioration and loss of coordination of the limbs. CJD is thought to be the result of BSE transmitted to humans.
Research CJD
Clamox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Clamox
Clamoxyl is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Clamoxyl
Claustrophobia is the fear of being closed in or of being in a confined space.
Research Claustrophobia
In human anatomy, the clavicle is a long bone which lies almost horizontally at the root of the neck. It serves two main functions; to act as a prop which braces back the shoulder and enables the limb to swing clear of the trunk. And to transmit part of the weight of the limb to the axial skeleton.
Research Clavicle
Clavoxilin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Clavoxilin
Cleisiophobia is the fear of being locked in.
Research Cleisiophobia
Cleptophobia is the fear of stealing.
Research Cleptophobia
Climacophobia is the fear of stairs.
Research Climacophobia
Clinophobia is the fear of bed.
Research Clinophobia
Clithrophobia is the fear of being enclosed.
Research Clithrophobia
In vertebrates a cloaca is the common chamber into which the ducts of the reproductive organs and of the kidneys open, together with the alimentary canal. A cloaca is present in birds and reptiles and in the lowest mammals, but is replaced in higher mammals by the anus and urinogenital aperture.
Research Cloaca
Clonidine hydrochloride is a drug used to treat control high blood pressure; to suppress abstinence symptoms during narcotics withdrawal. It has the possible side effects of: drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, sedation, nervousness, headache, dizziness on changing position quickly, mouth dryness, constipation and itching.
Research Clonidine Hydrochloride
Clonus is a rapidly alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles, resulting in violent tremors of part of a limb.
Research Clonus
Clostridium difficile is a potentially lethal bacteria naturally present in the human intestine but usually kept under control by other bacteria. However, taking antibiotics kills the other bacteria in the human intestine allowing Clostridium difficile to flourish leading to Antibiotics can kill some of these, allowing Clostridium difficile to take hold leading to fever, diarrhoea and, in a signifcant number of cases, death. Infections of Clostridium difficile are particularly common in hospitals.
Research Clostridium Difficile
Cloxacillin sodium is a drug used to treat systemic infections. It has the possible side effects of: Nausea, vomiting, stomach distress, diarrhoea and hypersensitivity (rash, itching, chills, fever, sneezing and/or wheezing)
Research Cloxacillin Sodium
Cnidophobia is the fear of insect stings.
Research Cnidophobia
Coamoxin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Coamoxin
Cocaine (benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is an alkaloid derived from the leaves of the coca plant. It is a white crystalline powder used as a local anaesthetic and also, illegally, as a euphoric drug. Cocaine taken recreationally is cut into a fine powder, arranged in what is termed a line, and inhaled through the nose - typically through a rolled-up banknote. A form of cocaine, known as crack, is smoked.
Cocaine provides the user with about thirty minutes of good-feeling, users report an increase in awareness, self confidence and sexual pleasure - the cocaine prevents the re-absorption of dopamine in the brain. Taking alcohol with cocaine enhances the effect of the cocaine. However, after about thirty minutes the effects wear off and the users may be left feeling depressed and paranoid. Inhaling cocaine often causes irritation to the sinuses, a condition known as a Columbian cold, and prolonged use can destroy the lining of the nose. Some sources claim that cocaine can cause cardiac arrest or strokes through increased blood pressure.
Research Cocaine
Coccidioidomycosis is a disease of the skin or viscera, particularly the lungs, caused by infection with the fungus Coccidioides immitis.
Research Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidiosis is a disease of rabbits caused by the Coccidium coccidia and detected by small yellow spots on the liver. It was commonly mistaken for tuberculosis at one time until the discovery of the coccidia organisms.
Research Coccidiosis
The coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) is a triangular muscle located on each side of the pelvis. It originates from the ischium and inserts in the coccyx and sacrum. It closes the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. The coccygeus muscle is innervated by the third and fourth sacral nerves. This muscle raises and supports the coccyx.
Research Coccygeus
The coccyx (or 'tailbone') is composed of three to five rudimentary vertebrae. Often, the first of these coccygeal vertebrae is separate, while the remainder are fused together. The articulation between the coccygeal vertebrae and the sacrum allow some flexibility in the coccyx, which is particularly beneficial in taking the stresses of sitting and falling. The coccyx is extremely susceptible to shock fracture, as might be induced from a fall. Furthermore, since a number of nerve pathways pass near this area, damage to the coccyx threatens damage to the nerves of the lower body. The juncture of the first coccygeal vertebra with the sacrum occurs at the lower facet of the sacrum.
Research Coccyx
The cochlea is a minute, bony, spiral-shaped tube in the ear, comprised of two canals and a duct subdivided by a thin partition called the cochlear partition, which runs the entire length of the spiral. The basilar membrane lies on one side of the partition and the vestibular membrane lies on the other side. Sound vibrations reaching the inner ear are transmitted through the fluid of the cochlear canals (the tympanic canal and the vestibular canal) and around the cochlear duct which divides them. As the pressure of the waves flows over the basilar membrane, which is the vibrating wall of the cochlear duct, the fluid inside the duct is agitated. This movement of the fluid stimulates the organ of corti, which sits on the membrane inside the cochlear partition. The organ of corti is a hearing sense organ and performs the actual transformation of mechanical vibrations into nerve impulses. It has a gelatinous membrane and two sets of hair cells (receptor hair cells). The two sets of receptor hair cells, the inner and outer receptor cells, are located between the basilar and gelatinous membrane of the organ of cporti. When the basilar membrane vibrates it pushes the hair cells against the gelatinous membrane, causing the hair cells to produce a chemical that converts the movement into electrical impulses which are transmitted to the adjacent nerve fibres. There are approximately 30,000 nerve fibres in each ear transmitting signals to both the brain stem and the brain's auditory cortex.
Research Cochlea
Cod Liver Oil is the oil extracted from the fresh liver of the cod. It consists chiefly of olein and palmatin with a little stearin and iodine. It is the most easily digested of all fats and has since 1848 been used medicinally.
Research Cod Liver Oil
Codeine is one of the alkaloids of opium. It is a slight analgesic and modifies tissue change and alleviates tickling cough and colic. Codeine is usually combined with Paracetamol, and then called co-codamol and is used to treat moderate to severe pain.
Research Codeine
Coeliac disease is a chronic intestinal disorder occuring in young children caused by sensitivity to the protein gliadin contained in the gluten of cereals.
Coeliac disease is characterised by distention of the abdomen and frothy, pale, foul-smelling stools.
Research Coeliac Disease
Coimetrophobia is the fear of cemeteries.
Research Coimetrophobia
Coitophobia is the fear of sexual intercourse.
Research Coitophobia
Coley's fluid was a fluid obtained by the culture of the bacili of erysipelas, streptococci, and staphtlococci used in the treatment of cancer.
Research Coley's Fluid
Colic is severe abdominal griping pains.
Research Colic
Colitis is inflammation of the colon.
Research Colitis
Collagen is one of the albuminoids. It forms the white fibres of connective tissue.
Research Collagen
The movement of the fingers is achieved by flexors and adductors. The flexors, such as the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus, contract to draw the fingers into a curl. Adductors are on the backs of the fingers and contract to draw the fingers out straight. Collateral ligaments pass along the sides of the digits and work in fine-tuning side-to-side flexions.
Research Collateral Ligaments
Colle's fracture is a common fracture of the radius, above the wrist; it is usually the result of a fall on to the palm of the hand. It is diagnosed by the history, by finding a tender point a little above the wrist on the thumb side, with an alternation in the relative position of the two prominent styloid processes of the wrist. The process on the radial side is normally lower than that on the ulnar side. Colle's fracture bring the two bones much to the same level; their relative position can be compared with those on the other wrist.
Research Colle's Fracture
The collecting tubules of the kidney are responsible for collecting the urine from the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron and passing it to the calyces, and from there into the renal pelvis reservoir. The collecting tubules are relatively straight, distinguishing them from the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
Research Collecting Tubule
The colon is the central part of the large intestine. Extending from the cecum to the rectum, it is descriptively subdivided into four parts: the ascending, the transverse, the descending, and the sigmoid colon. The ascending colon extends upward from the cecum to lead into the transverse portion. The transverse extends across the abdominal cavity from the end of the ascending part to lead into the descending section of the colon. The descending colon extends from the end of the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon. The sigmoid colon connects the end of the descending colon to the rectum. The rectal and sigmoid sections are often referred to as the rectosigmoid.
Research Colon
Colostomy is the operation of opening into the colon, or lower portion of the intestine. This procedure is one of the most important in abdominal surgery. It is sometimes necessary as a life- saving measure. It may be temporary or permanent as an artificial anus in the radical treatment of rectal cancer. Because of its appearance, its inconvenience and the very thought of an artificial opening in the abdominal wall a great deal of care is necessary to allay the anxieties of patients and their relatives when colostomy is necessary.
In some cases of acute intestinal obstruction the surgeon explores the abdomen and finds perhaps a large mass in the region of the pelvic colon or rectum that cannot be removed. An emergency colostomy is then performed in the transverse colon with the immediate purpose of saving life and with the further objective of providing temporary drainage should the growth be removable at a later date. In some such cases, when at first sight the primary cause of the obstruction seems beyond any possibility of surgical removal, after several weeks of colostomy drainage the infection subsides and the affected portion of bowel may then be removed. Colostomy may be necessary as a preliminary to other operations involving removal of the large bowel. Such an occasion arises if diverticulitis has produced vesico-colic fistula (between the colon and bladder). In some cases of severe incontinence due to abnormality or injury to the anus, a left iliac colostomy enables the patient to be free of the terrible inconvenience of perpetual soiling in the perineum. Injuries or abnormalities of the spinal cord produce paralysis of the anal sphincter mechanism and sometimes colostomy is essential. Congenital absence of the rectum or anus requires an emergency colostomy within a day or so of birth.
There are two main forms of colostomy. First is the loop colostomy which has two limbs. The opening is at the apex of the loop and the bowel has not been divided completely across. A variation of the loop colostomy is the double- barrel form in which the two limbs of the loop are separated by a piece of skinrafter complete division. This is also described as a defunctioning colostomy as it prevents the spill of faeces from the proximal to the distal loop. A second variety is the spur colostomy where a spur is formed by suturing the two ends together for several centimeters inside the abdomen. This is of particular value if the colostomy is temporary as the spur can be destroyed by a crushing clamp without risk of peritonitis or perforation since the limbs have become sealed together. When the spur breaks down, the artificial opening on the surface shrinks and sinks back below the skin level. The aim is that this should close spontaneously without further operation. The third type is the terminal colostomy in which the distal portion of bowel is removed completely or in the case of excision of rectum the lower end is closed to form a blind end. In grave emergencies the simplest form of colostomy is performed in which a loop of colon is brought out through the abdominal wall, where it is held by the insertion of a glass rod passed through a small hole in the mesentery. The ends of the glass rod are connected by a loop of rubber tubing which forms a 'bucket handle' . The abdominal wall is closed around the protrusion of the colostomy. Exteriorisation is another way of performing a colostomy. If a growth is present in a part of the bowel which can be brought readily through the abdominal wall (e.g. transverse or pelvic colon) the affected loop containing the growth is left outside and the peritoneum, muscles and skin are closed around the base of the loop where the two limbs converge. The loop of colon containing the growth is then removed, leaving two open ends of
el which can later be joined by crushing the spur between them. This operation avoids the handling of growth or unprepared bowel while the peritoneal cavity is open and so diminishes the risk of peritonitis. A formal operation for closure is required if a spur has not been made.
At the end of the operation a small incision is usually made in the apex of the loop to allow the immediate discharge of gas and faecal material which is collected as cleanly as possible before the patient leaves the theatre. A dressing of petroleum jelly gauze or tulle gras is applied on the exposed bowel. The skin incision may be sealed with Whitehead's varnish and a pad of cellulose tissue and wool is bandaged lightly over the opening. For fear of contaminating the abdominal wound before the peritoneal cavity has become sealed, the former practice was to leave the colostomy unopened for 48 hours. The initial opening may be enlarged by the surgeon two or three days after the colostomy has been raised. The bowel is usually divided (without anaesthetic) by an electric cautery which seals the blood vessels and prevents bleeding from the very vascular mucous membrane and muscle wall of the bowel. A method of draining the colostomy is by the use of Paul's tube. This is an angled wide glass tube which is inserted through a hole in the colostomy loop. It is tied in position in the same way as the caecostomy catheter and connected to a bedside jar with wide, thin, latex tubing.
Research Colostomy
A coma is a state of deep unconsciousness.
Research Coma
Cometophobia is the fear of comets.
Research Cometophobia
A comminuted fracture is a fracture where the bone is not simply snapped in one or more places, but is broken up into several small fragments, often as the result of a crushing blow.
Research Comminuted Fracture
Two common iliac arteries branch from the abdominal portion of the aorta. Each artery is about five centimeters in length and descends downward and outward toward the edge of the pelvis. The common iliac artery divides into the internal and external iliac arteries and supplies the pelvis and lower extremities.
Research Common Iliac Artery
Comoxyl is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Comoxyl
The compact bone tissue serves as the outer shell of the bone and serves to protect the inner core of spongy bone (trebiculae, or substantia spongiosa). The compact bone shell is particularly thick in the middle of the shaft in long bones in order to protect the bone against bending. The compact bone is covered by the periosteum.
Research Compact Bone
The compressor narium minor is a small muscle attached at one end to the alar cartilage, and at the other end to the integument at the tip of the nose. All muscles of the nose are supplied by the facial nerve.
Research Compressor Narium Minor
The compressor nasi (compressor naris) is a small, thin muscle with a triangular shape. It runs along the bridge of the nose forming the transverse portion of the nasalis mucle. It dilates the nostrils, the opposite action of the depressor nasi muscle. All muscles of the nose are supplied by the facial artery and innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve).
Research Compressor Nasi
In psychology, conation is a term used by Sir William Hamilton to designate one of the three great divisions of the mind, the other two being cognition and feeling. As used by him it included the mental states of desire and volition alone; but modern writers make the term broad enough to include every state of mental change, so that we find conation wherever consciousness, of itself, drifts from one state to another. Although akin to feeling and attention, it is distinct from both. The word is occasionally applied to those sensations, whether painful or pleasant, which accompany muscular activity. The adjective 'conative' was first used by Cudworth in 1688.
Research Conation
The concha is the deep, bowl-shaped part of the ear cartilage that attaches directly to the side of the head at the front of the mastoid process of the skull. The opening to the auditory canal is located in the lower front corner of the concha. The concha helps funnel sound into the auditory canal.
Research Concha
A concussion is a violent jar or shock to the brain that causes an immediate change in the brain function, and can possibly include loss of consciousness. For a mild concussion, the signs and symptoms include temporary loss of consciousness; memory loss; and emotional instability. For a severe concussion, the signs and symptoms include prolonged unconsciousness; dilated pupils; change in breathing; disturbed vision and equilibrium; and memory loss. The extent of injury can only be determined by a physician. If the concussion is mild, the injured person may be sent home after examination, but only if a responsible person is present to stay with the injured person and watch for serious symptoms. Follow the doctor's instructions carefully if you are the responsible person, as there are several symptoms to watch for and report to the doctor if one or more after effects appear. The first 24 hours after the injury are critical, but serious aftereffects can appear later. The total extent of the injury may not be apparent for 48-72 hours. Complete recovery is likely with early diagnosis and treatment. To prevent a concussion from occurring or reoccurring, wear a protective helmet for any activity at risk for a head injury.
Research Concussion
Condylomata is moist, flat, elevated patches occurring on the skin in secondary syphilis.
Research Condylomata
Congenital hypertropic pyloric stenosis is quite a common condition in new-born babies and its cause is not known. The thickened sphincter at the pylorus is very strong and spastic. The stomach enlarges and becomes powerful from working against obstruction. Persistent vomiting develops and owing to the force of the stomach this is described as 'projectile vomiting'. Waves of peristalsis may be seen in the child's abdomen and the hard lump of muscle at the pylorus can readily be felt. Occasionally x-ray examination is used to prove the diagnosis. In severe and neglected cases, gastritis develops. The child becomes extremely ill from dehydration, and constipation is a constant feature, the stools being hard from dehydration and starvation. Many cases are treated by Eumydrin (methylatropine nitrate) which is an antispasmodic drug given with the feeds. Surgical operation is however very often necessary and in skilled hands is practically without risk; recovery is more rapid and certain after operation, than with medical treatment.
Research Congenital Hypertropic Pyloric Stenosis
The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent membrane that surrounds the sclera of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelid. The cells of the conjunctiva produce a fluid similar to tears that lubricates the lids and the cornea making it easier to blink. Conjunctivitis, often called pink-eye, is a common infection of this area. Conjunctivitis can be bacterial or viral in nature. The infection causes the area to become red and irritated, hence the name 'pink-eye'.
Research Conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis is a bacterial or viral infection of the conjunctiva of the eye. It may also be caused by sensitivity to certain cosmetics or drugs. It is a very common complaint characterised by a gritty and burning sensation of the eye and discomfort when moving the eye. The sclera becomes red and irritated and the eyes have a sticky, yellow discharge. In most cases, both eyes become inflamed. The infection is spread easily through towels or wash-cloths.
Research Conjunctivitis
Connective tissue is derived from the mesenchyme and includes a number of tissues which have a passive, binding function. In a connective tissue the parent cells are separated more or less widely from one another by a homogeneous matrix or ground substance, in which fibres may or may not be present.
Research Connective tissue
The conoid ligament is part of the coracoacromial ligament which extends from the base of the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle on the underside of the clavicle. It is responsible for controlling and regulating the gliding motions of the clavicle and the sternum, especially of the back and forth rotation of the scapula.
Research Conoid Ligament
Constipation is irregular and insufficient evacuation of the bowels.
Research Constipation
Contagion is the transmission of disease from one person to another.
Research Contagion
Contagious refers to a disease which is capable of being passed on by direct contact with a diseased individual or by handling clothing, etc.
Research Contagious
The contagious diseases acts were passed between 1864 and 1867 for the prevention of contagious diseases in certain seaport and garrison towns in England and Ireland by the police and medical supervision of prostitutes. They were repealed in 1886.
Research Contagious Diseases Acts
In medicine, contagium refers to the specific virus or other direct cause of any infectious disease.
Research Contagium
Contreltophobia is the fear of sexual abuse.
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Abbreviations
Medicine
