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Dactinomycin is a polypetipe isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces parvullus and used in the treatment of cancer as a cytotoxin.
 Research Dactinomycin
Dactylitis is a condition which starts in one of the small bones of the finger and is nearly always tuberculous in origin. It may be a sign that tuberculosis is present in some other part of the body, so it is necessary that the general health should receive attention. Dactylitis may also occur in children owing to inherited syphilis. The diseased finger usually requires to be operated upon, and if the condition is due to tuberculosis, the treatment will take the form of plenty of fresh air, good food and sunlight.
Research Dactylitis
Damiana is a drug obtained from Turnera aphrodisiaca, and other plants of the family Turneraceae, found in America, and said to have aphrodisiac and tonic properties.
Research Damiana
Damoxicil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Damoxicil
Dancing disease was the name given to an epidemic nervous disorder apparently allied to hysteria and chorea, ocassionally prevalent in Germany and Italy during the middle ages. In 1734, during the celebration of the festival of St John at Aix-la-Chapelle, the streets became crowded with men and women of all ranks and ages, who commenced dancing in a wild and frantic manner until they dropped down from fatigue. The mania spread to Cologne, Metx, and Strasburg, and gave rise to much imposture, profligacey, and disorder. At the beginning of the 17th century the epidemic began to decline, and since the late 19th century has only been known now as a nervous affection in individual cases.
Research Dancing Disease
Dandruff, or scurf, is due to a mild chronic inflammation of the skin of the scalp. The inflammation may be present for many years, the only disturbance being a slight itching. The head is 'scurfy,' i. e. the horny cells of the scalp are shed in large numbers and form scales; and there may be a tendency for the hair to come out.
Research Dandruff
Dapsone is a sulphone drug used to treat leprosy.
Research Dapsone
The dartos is a thin layer of smooth muscle tissue. In the male it is the tunica
dartos found within the scrotum. It originates from the subcutaneous tissue of the scrotum and inserts in the fibrous septum. It is innervated by a branch of the genitofemoral nerve. In the female, this thin muscle is referred to as the dartos mulierbris. It is a very thin layer of smooth muscle that originates in the labia majora. It is less well-developed than the male tunica dartos.
Research Dartos
Dead fingers is a disease affecting the users of pneumatic drills, characterised by anaesthesia of the fingertips and cyanosis.
Research Dead Fingers
Deca-diabolin is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti- insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Deca-diabolin
Decadurabolin is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti- insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Decadurabolin
Decidophobia is the fear of making decisions.
Research Decidophobia
The decidua is the lining of the uterus, shed during a menstrual period and after the birth of a child.
Research Decidua
In medicine, decompensation is the inability of an organ, especially the heart, to maintain its function due to overload caused by a disease.
Research Decompensation
Decompression sickness (caisson disease, aeroembolism) known popularly as The Bends, is a disorder characterised by severe pain in muscles and joints, cramp, and difficulty in breathing, caused by bubbles of nitrogen in the bloodstream caused by a sudden and sustained decrease in air pressure, notably when a diver surfaces too quickly from a deep dive.
Research Decompression Sickness
Decongestants open nasal passages temporarily, dry up mucus, and constrict blood vessels in the lining of the nose. If overused, they can produce an increase in swelling and more congestion. In some people they can increase heart rate, cause sleeplessness, and elevate blood pressure.
Research Decongestants
The deep cervical chain of lymph nodes are located on each side of the neck beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These chains of lymph nodes drain and filter lymph from the thyroid gland, the larynx, the trachea, and the upper portion of the esophagus. Because they lie deep within the body tissue, they are difficult to assess through palpation.
Research Deep Cervical Chain
The palmar arch crosses the palm of the hand. There are two branches: a superficial and a deep. The
deep palmar arch is formed by the continuation of the radial artery and a branch of the ulnar artery. It supplies the palm of the hand, principally the deep muscles of the hand, thumb, and index finger. The superficial palmar arch is a continuation of the ulnar artery and connects with the radial artery supplying the carpal extremities of the metacarpal bones,
Research Deep Palmar Arch
The deep temporal arteries together with the middle temporal artery predominantly supply the temporal muscle. The arteries lie in front of the ear or above and to the outer side of the eye. There are two deep temporal arteries, the anterior and the posterior, which arise from the maxillary artery and ascend between the temporal muscle and the pericranium.
Research Deep Temporal Arteries
The deep transverse perineus and the superficial transverse perineus are narrow muscles that support the pelvic viscera. These muscles originate from the surface of the ischial ramus and pass across the back of the perineal space to insert in the central portion of the perineum near the sphincter ani and accelerator urinae. They are innervated by perineal branches of the pudendal nerve.
Research Deep Transverse Perineus
Defecaloesiophobia is the fear of painful bowel movements.
Research Defecaloesiophobia
Dehydration is a condition of the body caused by loss of water and essential body salts. Signs and symptoms of dehydration include dry mouth, decreased or absent urination, sunken eyes, wrinkled skin, confusion, low blood pressure, and coma. The primary cause is due to excessive sweating during exercise, especially in hot, humid weather, as well as persistent vomiting or diarrhea from any cause, use of diuretics or other drugs that deplete fluids and electrolytes, overexposure to sun or heat, recent illness with high fever, or chronic kidney disease. Possible complications of
dehydration are blood pressure drop, shock, or even death from prolonged, severe
dehydration. Severe or prolonged cases of dehydration may require hospitalization for a time with fluids being taken intravenously.
Research Dehydration
Dehydropiandrosterone is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti- insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Dehydropiandrosterone
Deipnophobia is the fear of dining.
Research Deipnophobia
Delacillin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Delacillin
Delatestryl is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti-insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Delatestryl
Delitescence is the sudden disappearance of a lesion or of the signs and symptoms of a disease.
Research Delitescence
Delsym is a tradename for dextromethorphan hydrochloride
Research Delsym
The deltoid is a large, thick powerful muscle with a triangular form and a coarse texture. The muscle is divided into three portions: an anterior (clavicular) portion, and acrominal portion, and a posterior portion. The anterior portion forms the broad side of the muscle and the posterior portion is located on the back of the shoulder. The muscle originates from the clavicle and from the spine of the scapula covering the outer side of the shoulder joint, giving the shoulder its rounded appearance, and inserts in the humerus. The deltoid is innervated by the 5th and 6th cervical nerves through the circumflex nerve and supplied by the circumflex artery.
Almost any movement of the shoulder and upper arm involves the deltoid muscle. The anterior portion is used to raise the arm from the body and to lower it again. The acrominal portion is a powerful abductor and the posterior portion is used to move the arm backward. It works with the pectoralis major to move the arm forward and works with the teres major and latissimus dorsi to move the arm back.
Research Deltoid
Dementophobia is the fear of insanity.
Research Dementophobia
Demonophobia is the fear of demons.
Research Demonophobia
Demophobia (ochlophobia) is the fear of crowds.
Research Demophobia
The dendrites are the short processes of the neuron which carry nerve impulses toward the body of the neuron from the synapse. The dendrites are distinguished from the axons, which carry nerve impulses away from the body of the neuron. The dendrite terminals accept the nerve impulses as they pass through synaptic connections from the axon of another neuron.
Research Dendrites
Dendrophobia is the fear of trees.
Research Dendrophobia
Dengue (breakbone fever) is a fever of hot countries, due to an unknown virus conveyed by mosquitoes. At the onset there are chills, headache, severe pains in the eyes and muscles, swelling and flushing of the face and soreness of the mouth, with high fever. After two or three days' remission the fever and pains recur, and there is usually a rash with red patches which develop on the hands, back, thighs and legs; peeling of the skin follows as in scarlet fever. Convalescence is often prolonged from weakness, but the death rate is very low. Treatment is symptomatic, and the pains may require alleviation by morphia.
Research Dengue
Deniren is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Deniren
Dentine (dentin) is the main substance of the tooth, composing the bulk of the crown and root of the tooth. Dentine is similar in hardness to compact bone tissue, found throughout the skeleton, and features about 30% organic tissue. Like the enamel, no cells or vessels penetrate the
dentine, so that damage to the dentine (as in the case of a dental cavity) cannot be repaired. In some teeth, a secondary dentine may form as an accretive patch over damaged or occluded tooth tissue, however. Though no cells or vessels penetrate the dentine, small tubules do penetrate into the dentine matrix from the pulp cavity. Within these tubules are housed odontoblasts in a protoplasmic base. These tubules make the dentinal matrix sensitive to contact or temperature changes.
Research Dentine
Dentistry is the art or science of cleaning and extracting teeth, of repairing them when diseased, and replacing them when necessary by artificial ones. There are two very distinct departments in dentistry, the one being dental surgery, the other what is known as mechanical dentistry.
The first requires an extended medical knowledge on the part of the practitioner, as, for instance, a knowledge of diseases whose effects may reach the teeth, of the connection between the welfare of the teeth and the general system, etc, as well as ability to discern latent oral diseases, calculate the effects of operations, etc. The chief operations in this department are scaling, or removing the tartar which has accumulated on the base of the teeth; regulating, the restoring of overcrowded and displaced teeth to their proper position; stopping or stuffing, the filling up of the hollow of a decayed tooth and thus preventing the progress of decay; extracting, a process requiring considerable muscular power and delicacy of manipulation.
The second department, mechanical dentistry, is concerned with the construction of artificial substitutes for lost teeth, and requires much mechanical science, it being a very delicate work to give artificial teeth a perfectly natural appearance in shape and colour. The actual construction of the teeth, however, has passed largely into the hands of the manufacturers, and the dentist has only the selecting, fitting, and fixing to do.
Until the start of the 19th century no special curriculum or collegiate certificate was obtainable by practitioners of dentistry in Britain, who thus held an anomalous and altogether unrecognized position in the medical profession. This was partially remedied in 1858, when the dental certificate of the College of Surgeons of England was established for such as chose to pass the required examination. Finally, in 1878 an act was passed regulating the education and registration of dentists, by which a course of instruction in various branches of medicine and surgery with a corresponding examination was made necessary for all who wish to be registered as dental practitioners. In the United States the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery is the oldest, being chartered in 1839. The Ohio College of Dental Surgery followed in 1845, and various others have been established since.
Research Dentistry
Dentophobia is the fear of dentists.
Research Dentophobia
Deobstruents are medicines which open the natural passages of the fluids of the body, as the pores and lacteal vessels, and thus cause removal of obstructions.
Research Deobstruent
Depilatories are applications used to remove the hair from the body, especially the face and scalp, without injuring the texture of the skin. The famous rusma depilatory of history consisted of quicklime (calcium oxide) and orpiment (tersulphuret of arsenic) boiled in water impregnated with a strong alkaline lye. This mixture was rubbed gently on the parts, which were afterwards washed in warm water.
Research Depilatories
The depressor anguli oris (triangularis) muscle is a triangular muscle that originates from the mandible at its broad base and is inserted in the angle of the mouth. It is innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) and is supplied by the facial artery. This muscle depresses the angle of the mouth and pulls it backward, the direct opposite of the levator anguli oris and the zygomaticus major, and is used when expressing sadness.
Research Depressor Anguli Oris
The depressor labii inferioris (quadratus labii inferioris; quadratus menti) is a small muscle with a quadrilateral form. It originates from the mandible near the mental foramen and runs upward and inward to be inserted in the skin of the lower lip along with the orbicularis oris muscle. The muscle contains much yellow fat that is intermingled with the muscle fibres. The
depressor labii inferioris is innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) and supplied by the facial artery. When in action, this muscle pulls the lower lip downward and slightly outward.
Research Depressor Labii Inferioris
A depressor nerve is a nerve which lowers the activity of an organ.
Research Depressor Nerve
The depressor septi nasi is a short muscle that lies between the musclular structure and the mucous membrane of the lip. It originates from the upper lip and extends upward along the median line of the lip to be inserted into the septum of the nose. It constricts the nostrils, the opposite action of the compressor nasi muscle. All muscles of the nose are innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial artery) supplied by the facial artery.
Research Depressor Septi Nasi
The dermal papillae are small, nipple-like protrusions of the dermis that reach into the epidermis, bringing food and oxygen to the lower layers of epidermal cells. In addition, a papilla nourishes every hair follicle. Rows of papillae protruding from the dermis into the epidermis form ridges that create patterns on the skin of the hands, feet, and body. These papillary ridges on the fingertips are responsible for fingerprints. These ridges develop sometime before birth. Not only is the pattern unique for each individual, but also it never changes except to grow larger.
Research Dermal Papillae
Dermatitis is a term applied to many kinds of inflammation of the skin.
Research Dermatitis
Dermatology is the branch of medicine concerned with the skin and its diseases.
Research Dermatology
Dermatophobia is the fear of skin lesions.
Research Dermatophobia
Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by species of dermatophyte such as microsporum, epidermophyton, or trichophyton. The condition is characterised by round or oval, scaly patches with slightly raised borders and clearing centers. Dermatophyte fungi can be spread by contact with an infected person or contact with an infected animal.
Research Dermatophytosis
Dermatosiophobia (dermatopathophobia) is the fear of skin disease.
Research Dermatosiophobia
Dermatosis refers to any skin disease.
Research Dermatosis
The dermis, or corium, is the thick, relatively soft inner most tissue of the skin. It shields and repairs injured tissues and is about four times thicker than the epidermis. The
dermis consists mainly of protein collagen, which builds scar tissue to mend cuts and abrasions. The dermis nourishes the epidermis and contains nerve endings and blood vessels, and may contain some fatty tissue. The bases of hairs are also located in the dermis. Underneath the dermis is the hypodermis, which is a fatty subcutaneous layer.
Research Dermis
Dermostosis is ossification of the dermis.
Research Dermostosis
The descending genicular artery is the great knee artery. It branches from the femoral artery near the adductor magnus muscle and supplies the knee joint and surrounding parts. The
descending genicular artery divides into superficial and deep branches. The superficial branch extends along the long saphenous nerve to the inner side of the thigh. The deep branch descend into the vastus internus muscle. Several areteries feed into it, including the medial superior genicular artery, the medial inferior genicular artery, the lateral superior genicular artery, the lateral inferior genicular artery and the anterior tibial artery.
Research Descending Genicular Artery
Desmology is the branch of anatomy dealing with ligaments and sinews.
Research Desmology
The detrusor urinae is the muscle whose function it is to expel the urine.
Research Detrusor urinae
Devonshire colic (Painter's colic) is a species of colic caused by the introduction of lead into the system. It derives its name from its frequency amongst the former lead miners of Devon.
Research Devonshire Colic
Dew-claw is the name given to the upper-most claw in a dog's foot which is smaller than the rest and does not reach the ground. The name is also applied to the bones behind a deer's foot.
Research Dew-claw
Dextromethorphan hydrochloride (also known as Robitussin Pediatric, Vicks Formula 44, Vicks 44 Pediatric, Benylin DM, Delsym, Pertussin ES) is an orally ingested or injected drug which reduces the brain's cough-centre response and mimics codeine's effects without analgesic or additive properties. It is used as a cough medicine to suppresses non-productive coughs.
Research Dextromethorphan hydrochloride
 More information about Dextromethorphan hydrochloride
Dextrophobia is the fear of objects at the right side of the body.
Research Dextrophobia
Dhobi itch (tinea cruris) is a fungal disease of the skin caused by a type of ringworm chiefly affecting the area around the groin.
Research Dhobi Itch
Diabetophobia is the fear of diabetes.
Research Diabetophobia
Diachylon was a substance prepared by heating together lead oxide or litharge, olive-oil, and water, until the combination was complete, and replacing the water as it evaporates. It was formerly used for curing ulcers, and was the basis of many plasters around 1900.
Research Diachylon
Diallyl barbituric acid is a colourless crystalline organic compound used in medicine as a soporific.
Research Diallyl barbituric acid
Dianiabol is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti-insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Dianiabol
In medicine, a diaphoretic is an agent used for producing a greater degree of perspiration than is natural, but less than in sweating. The Turkish bath and a large part of hydropathic treatment, diluent drinks, etc, are employed for this purpose. Diaphoretics increase only the insensible perspiration, while sudorifics excite the sensible discharge called sweat.
Research Diaphoretic
The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for respiration. Connected to the abdominal wall, the lumbar vertebra, the lower ribs, the sternum, and the pericardium of the heart by tendinous tissue, the thin diaphragm creates a partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavity. The
diaphragm forms a domed structure, and when the diaphragm muscle contracts, it lowers to a more flattened arrangement. This flattening causes a vacuum in the thoracic cavity and pressure in the abdominal cavity. The vacuum is filled by the expanding lung tissue and inhaled air. The pressure on the lower viscera are helpful in childbirth and in pushing fecal matter through the lower intestinal tract for expulsion. When the diaphragm relaxes to its domed structure, the air is exhaled and the lungs contract. Though the intercostal and abdominal muscles are also used in respiration, during sleep, it is primarily due to contractions of the diaphragm. The diaphragm is supplied by the inferior and superior phrenic arteries and the musculophrenic artery. It is innervated phrenic nerve.
Research Diaphragm
The diaphysis, or shaft, of a long bone features a shell of compact bone surrounded by the periosteum, a cartilaginous membrane which contains the blood vessels which provide nutrients to the bone. The diaphysis is separated from the epiphyses of the bone by the epiphyseal line.
Research Diaphysis
In anatomy, diathrosis refers to that formation of joints which allows free movement.
Research Diarthrosis
Diastasis is the surgical forcible separation of bones without fracture.
Research Diastasis
Diastole is the rhythmical expansion or dilatation of the heart and arteries.
Research Diastole
The term diastolic refers to something pertaining to the rhythmical expansion or dilatation of the heart and arteries (diastole).
Research Diastolic
Diathermy is a therapeutic treatment in which heat is produced in body tissues by passing high- frequency electric currents through them.
Research Diathermy
Diathesis is a hereditary or acquired susceptibility of the body to one or more diseases.
Research Diathesis
Diazepam is another name for valium.
Research Diazepam
Dicrotism is a condition in which there are two beats or waves of the arterial pulse to each beat of the heart.
Research Dicrotism
Didaskaleinophobia is the fear of going to school.
Research Didaskaleinophobia
Aldrin and dieldrin are the common names of two insecticides that are closely related chemically. The technical compounds are light tan to brown solids or powders. Aldrin is readily converted to
dieldrin in the environment, so these two closely related compounds are considered together by regulatory bodies. Their toxicities do not differ significantly. Aldrin and
dieldrin were widely used from the 1950s to the early 1970s. Aldrin has been used as a soil insecticide to control root worms, beetles, and termites.
Dieldrin has been used in agriculture for soil and seed treatment and in public health to control disease vectors such as mosquitoes and tsetse flies. Dieldrin has also had veterinary use as a sheep dip and has been used in treatment of wood and mothproofing of woollen products.
Research Dieldrin
In medicine, diffusion refers to the act of passing by osmosis through animal membranes, as in the distribution of poisons, gases, &c., through the body. Unlike absorption, diffusion may go on after death, that is, after the blood ceases to circulate.
Research Diffusion
Diflunisal is a drug used to treat mild to moderate pain and osteoarthritis It has the possible side effects of: dizziness, insomnia, headache, ringing in the ears, nausea, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, constipation, excess wind, rash and itching.
Research Diflunisal
The digastric fossa apears as a slight irregularity in the back surface of the mandible, slightly below the central incisors. This region is directly below the incisive fossa.
Research Digastric Fossa
The digastric muscle (digastricus; biventer mandibulae)is a small muscle located on the under side of the jaw. It consists of two bellies united by a single tendon which is connected to the hyoid bone. The muscle originates from the posterior belly at the mastoid groove for the digastric muscle and inserts by the anterior belly into the lower border of the mandible. The posterior belly is innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) ansd the anterior belly is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve which branches from the trigeminal nerve. The digastric muscle is supplied by branches from the external carotid artery. This muscle assists the mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles in moving the hyoid bone and the tongue upward and forward and then upward and backward during the process of swallowing.
Research Digastric Muscle
The digestive system is responsible for processing food, breaking it down into usable proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, fats, and other substances, and introducing these into the bloodstream so that they can be used by the body. The digestive, or alimentary, tract begins at the mouth, where the teeth and tongue begin the breakdown of food, aided by saliva secreted by the salivary glands. The chewed food, combined with saliva, is swallowed, carrying it in peristaltic waves down the esophagus to the stomach. In the stomach, the food combines with hydrochloric acid which further assists in breaking it down. When the food is thoroughly digested, the fluid remaining, called chyme, is passed through the pylorus sphincter to the small intestine and large intestines. Within the long, convoluted intestinal canals, the nutrients are absorbed from the chyme into the bloodstream, leaving the unusable residue. This residue passes through the colon (where most of the water is absorbed into the bloodstream) and into the rectum where it is stored
prior to excretion. This solid waste, called faeces, is compacted together and, upon excretion, passes through the anal canal and the anus. Along the way through the digestive tract, the pancreas, spleen, liver, and gall bladder secrete enzymes which aid in the digestive process.
Research Digestive System
Each hand has four digital arteries extending from the superficial and deep palmar arch and into each of the fingers. These arteries bring a fresh blood supply to the fingers. The radial artery branches into the deep palmer arch and supplies the thumb.
Research Digital Artery
The digital veins of both the hands and feet extend from the digits, and join the larger veins of the hand or foot to return the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. There are four
digital veins in the hand which converge with the palmar arch. The palmer arch joins the radial vein from the thumb at the wrist. The radial artery accompanies the radial vein. There are four
digital veins in the foot extending from the three outer toes and half of the second toe. These veins join with the plantar vein and continue up the leg. The dorsal vein extends from the big toe and the other half of the second toe to the lower leg.
Research Digital Vein
Digitalin is a vegetable alkaloid drug derived from the leaves of the digitalis (foxglove) plant that increases heart efficiency. Digitalin has a bitter taste, and is a strong poison.
Research Digitalin
Digoxin is one of the cardiac (or digitalis) glycosides, a closely related group of drugs having in common specific effects on the myocardium. These drugs are found in a number of plants. Digoxin is extracted from the leaves of Digitalis lanata. The term 'digitalis' is used to designate the whole group. The glycosides are composed of two portions: a sugar and a cardenolide (hence 'glycosides').
Research Digoxin
Dihydrolone is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti-insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Dihydrolone
Dikephobia is the fear of justice.
Research Dikephobia
A dilatometer is an instrument for measuring the dilatation or expansion of a substance, especially of a fluid.
Research Dilatometer
A dilator is a muscle that dilates any part. A dilator is an instrument used for expanding a part, for example a urethral
dilator.
Research Dilator
Dilo is an oil from the plant Calophyllum inophyllum used in Fiji and Hawaii as a remedy for rheumatism.
Research Dilo
Dinophobia is the fear of dizziness.
Research Dinophobia
Diphtheria is an acute, contagious disease produced by the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus. Diphtheria is unusual in that after infection it does not spread in the body, but the bacillus remains at the site of its primary invasion. This site may be the fauces in front of the throat, or the larynx. Very occasionally the bacillus gains access to a wound and gives rise to 'wound diphtheria'. In any case, the disease multiplies and produces a membrane which in the case of the laryngeal type may produce death by mechanical blockage of the air passage. The chief danger however lies in the toxins discharged by the bacillus which enter the blood system and affect the muscles in particular, giving rise to a danger of heart-attacks.
Research Diphtheria
Diphyllobothriasis is an infestation of the intestine with the broad tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum. The condition sometimes causes nausea, malnutrition, diarrhoea and anaemia.
Research Diphyllobothriasis
Dipipanone (tarde name Diconal) is a powerful analgesic drug taken either orally or by injection, for the relief of severe pain.
Research Dipipanone
Diplegia is a medical condition involving paralysis of both sides of the body and affecting the legs more than the arms.
Research Diplegia
Diploe is the anatomical term for the spongy substance between flat bones.
Research Diploe
Diplophobia is the fear of double vision.
Research Diplophobia
Diplopia is a medical condition in which the patient is unable to superimpose the images recorded from the two eyes, resulting in double vision. It is almost always caused by an imbalance of the eye muscles which should automatically keep both eyes fixed on the same object.
Research Diplopia
Dippel's Oil is the rectified form of the black fetid oil, containing ammonic carbonate, which can be obtained by the destructive distillation of animal matter, such as stag's-horn, ivory, or blood. The cruder form was used in medicine, despite its appearance and odour, until Johann Dippel refined it. His oil was formerly prescribed as an anti-spasmodic and diaphoretic, and as a hypnotic.
Research Dippel's Oil
Dipsomania is a term for alcoholism. The term was introduced in the 19th century to denote an insane craving for intoxicating liquors, when occurring in a confirmed or habitual form. In Britain, the treatment of alcoholics was based around enforced abstinence, and 'homes' for this purpose were first officially established under the Habitual Drunkards Act of 1879 and Inebriates Act of 1888.
Research Dipsomania
Dipsophobia is the fear of drinking.
Research Dipsophobia
Dipyridamole is a coronary vasodilator drug used to reduce the frequency and intensity of angina attacks and prevents blood clots after heart surgery.
Research Dipyridamole
Dishabiliophobia is the fear of undressing in front of someone.
Research Dishabiliophobia
Dislocation is a surgical term applied to cases in which the articulating surfaces of the bones have been forced out of their proper places. The particular dislocation takes its name either from the joint itself or its furthest bone, and is called compound when accompanied with an external wound. The most common dislocations are those of the hip, shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle, and the chief obstacle to their reduction is the spasmodic and violent contraction of the muscles consequent upon them, the application of considerable force being often necessary to set the joint. The most dangerous dislocations are those of the bones of the spine.
Research Dislocation
Disopyramide is an anti-arrhythmic drug used to correct heart rhythm disorders which it does by delaying nerve impulses to the heart to regulate the heartbeat.
Research Disopyramide
Distal refers to something remote from the point of attachment or origin. For example the distal end of a bone or muscle.
Research Distal
Dithranol is a drug applied to the skin as an ointment or paste in order to treat psoriasis.
Research Dithranol
A diuretic is a medicine which increases the flow of urine by acting on the kidneys either directly or secondarily through the blood or nervous system.
Research Diuretic
Domatophobia is the fear of houses or being in a house.
Research Domatophobia
Doraphobia is the fear of fur.
Research Doraphobia
The dorsal interossei of the hand (interossei dorsalis manus) is composed of four small muscles that help bend the fingers. They lie in the intervals between the metacarpal bones and are bipenniform muscles. Each muscle originates from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones and are inserted in the base of the first phlanges. The first dorsal interossei is the largest of the four interossei. It is located on the back of the hand in the V-shaped interval between the metacarpal bones of the thumb, where it originates, and the first phlanges of the index finger, where it is inserted on the radial side. The second and third dorsal interossei are inserted into the middle finger with the second on its radial side and the third on its ulnar side. The fourth
dorsal interossei is inserted into the ulnar side of the ring finger. The muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve and supplied by the palmar metacarpal artery, which is a part of the palmar arch. These four muscles flex and extend the fingers.
Research Dorsal Interossei
Four dorsal interossei (interossei dorsalis pedis) muscles are located between the metatarsal bones. They are bipenniform muscles. The heads originate from adjacent sides of the metatarsal bones near the ankle and are inserted in the base of the first phalanges. The muscles are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve and supplied by the plantar artery. In addition there are three plantar interossei that lie beneath the metatarsal bones. The plantar interossei are single muscles connected to only one metatarsal bone. When these muscles contract, they stiffen the central part of the foot. You can feel this when you hook your toes under something and try to lift it by bending your knee.
Research Dorsal Interosseus
There are three dorsal metacarpal arteries lying toward the back of the hand and arising from the radial artery beneath the extensor tendons of the thumb. These arteries supply the back of the second, third, and fourth fingers.
Research Dorsal Metacarpal Arteries
There are three dorsal metacarpal veins lying toward the back of the hand near the dorsal metacarpal arteries. The dorsal metacarpal veins carry blood from the second, third, and fourth fingers and empty into the dorsal venous network of the hand.
Research Dorsal Metacarpal Veins
The dorsal metatarsal artery arises from the dorsal pedis artery extending along the outer portion of the foot. It supplies the foot and the toes.
Research Dorsal Metatarsal Artery
The dorsal pedis artery is located along the front surface of the foot. It branches into the arcuate artery. Your pulse can be felt by placing your fingertips just below the bend of the ankle joint.
Research Dorsal Pedis Artery
The digital veins of the four toes join the dorsal venous arch, which converges with the external saphenous vein on the outside of the foot and continues up the leg to join with the popliteal vein.
Research Dorsal Venous Arch
Dosfolat is a collection of vitamins used to improve reproduction in biological effluent treatment, and to reduce toxic shock.
Research Dosfolat
Dover's Powder was a preparation invented by Dr Dover and used in medicine to produce perspiration. It consisted of 1 grain of opium, 1 grain of ipecacuanha and 8 grains of sulphate of potash thoroughly mixed together.
Research Dover's Powder
Dowager's hump is a typeof kyphosis, common in older women, in which the shoulders become rounded and the upper back develops a hump. The condition is typically caused by osteoporosis resulting in skeletal deformity.
Research Dowager's Hump
Down's syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality.
Research Down's syndrome
The Draize test is a test for assessing the potential of drugs, chemicals, cosemtics and other substances to produce irritation, pain or damage to the human eye by studying the effects of the substance on a living rabbit's eye. The
Draize test was devised by the American pharmacologist John Draize.
Research Draize Test
Draximox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Draximox
Dromophobia is the fear of crossing streets.
Research Dromophobia
Dropsy is an accumulation of serous fluid in the body cavities or tissues. Serum is normally exuded through the walls of the small blood-vessels, part of it being absorbed by the veins and lymphatic vessels and returned to the blood. Dropsy arises when the serum is not absorbed sufficiently or is exuded in abnormal quantities, and is therefore more a symptom of some other disturbance than a disease in itself.
Research Dropsy
Droxine is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
Research Droxine
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy, and is transmitted by an X-linked recessive trait. Only males are affected and only females are carriers that pass the trait on. The disorder cannot be detected by amniocentesis. It affects about 1 in 10,000 boys. Symptoms of the disorder begin to appear in early childhood between the ages of two to six years. The pelvic and leg muscles are affected first. The child is slow in learning to sit up and walk. Progressive and rapid weakening of the muscles results in frequent falls, difficulty in climbing stairs, difficulty in getting up from the floor, and an awkward gait. Sometimes a curvature of the spine is associated with the disorder. Despite their weakness, the muscles appear unusually large and firm (psuedohypertrophy). At about early adolescence affected children are no longer able to walk. Children with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy are prone to chest infections and heart disorders due to progressive weakening of those muscles. Few sufferers survive into their teenage
years.
Research Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Dumdum fever (kala-azar) is a tropical fever common in north-east Africa and southern Asia, caused by the Leishmania parasite. The infection occurs chiefly in the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Symptoms include fever, anaemia and enlargment of the spleen and liver. The disease is often fatal if left untreated, but may be frequently successfully treated with compounds of antimony.
Research Dumdum Fever
An error of development of the duodenum may result in a portion of the tube being completely obliterated or very constricted. This obstruction gives rise to persistent vomiting in the neonatal period. The diagnosis is confirmed by x-ray examination and surgical operation is essential. This may be performed under local anaesthesia, as for Rammstedt's operation, but it is more usual to employ general anaesthesia. The pre- operative and post-operative treatment is similar and usually gastro-enterostomy is performed. Babies with this condition are often premature and almost always in a very bad condition; the operative risk is great.
Research Duodenal Atresia and Stenosis
The dura mater is the membrane which covers the brain.
Research Dura Mater
Durabolin is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti-insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Durabolin
Duramorph is a tarde name for morphine sulphate.
Research Duramorph
Dutchphobia is the fear of Dutch people.
Research Dutchphobia
Dymethazine is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti-insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Dymethazine
Dysentery is of two main types, namely bacillary and amebic, caused by different forms of infection, but in both there is inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the lower or large bowel. The symptoms are those of enteritis and colitis, diarrhaea with small loose stools containing mucus and blood, abdominal tenderness, griping pain, and tenesmus during evacuation. Bacillary dysentery is a very infectious disease caused by various specific bacterial organisms (Sonne, Shiga and Flexner bacilli) which occur in impure water, contaminated food and excreta, and are often conveyed by flies or by 'carriers'.
The incubation period may be only a few hours, and is seldom more than three days. The disease is prevalent where insanitary conditions occur, and epidemics are common especially in the tropics. The disease develops suddenly with loss of appetite, lassitude, fever, shivering, heat of the skin, and a quick pulse. These are followed by griping pains in the bowels, and a constant desire to evacuate, and prostration. In general the stools are small and slimy, composed of mucus mixed with blood. Defaecation is attended and followed by severe griping and inclination to strain, called tormina and tenesmus; they are sometimes in the early stages attended by nausea and vomiting. The natural faeces are passed in the first few evacuations. Tenesmus continues and perhaps increases for several days, the discharges being mostly blood in some cases, and chiefly mucus in others. Having generally but little odour at first, these discharges become, as the disease advances, exceedingly offensive.
Vomiting is common, and there may be a high or low temperature, with headache. The disease may be severe or moderate in its course. In severe cases there are thirst, muscular pains, blueness of the face, extreme tenderness of the abdomen, hiccough, prostration, incontinence and a high mortality rate. If recovery follows convalescence is slow, with recurrent diarrhaea and various complications such as arthritis, iritis, chronic colitis, peritonitis, piles, boils, etc. In mild cases the symptoms abate after four or
five days.
Research Dysentery
Dysgraphia is the inability to write correctly, caused by disease of part of the brain.
Research Dysgraphia
Dyslysin is a resinous substance formed in the decomposition of cholic acid of bile.
Research Dyslysin
Dysmenorrhoea is pain with menstrual periods. The pain usually manifests itself in the lower abdomen or the small of the back.
Research Dysmenorrhoea
Dysmorphophobia is the fear that one's body, or any part of it, is repulsive or may become so.
Research Dysmorphophobia
Dyspepsia (Indigestion) is a disturbance of the natural processes of digestion, due sometimes to organic disease involving the alimentary canal, but usually to errors in diet or to nervous causes.
Research Dyspepsia
Dyspeptone is an insoluble albuminous body formed from casein and other proteid substances by the action of gastric juice.
Research Dyspeptone
Dysphagia is a medical condition involving difficulty in swallowing. It is a symptom of a blockage or muscle spasm in the throat or gullet.
Research Dysphagia
Dyspnoea is the medical condition of difficulty in breathing. Its essential character is that undue effort is required in breathing.
Research Dyspnoea
Dyspraxia (also known as Clumsy Child Syndrome, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), Perceptuo-motor Dysfunction, Minimal Brain Dysfunction and Motor Learning Difficulty) is a believed (but unproven) immaturity of the brain though to result in messages not being properly transmitted to the body. It is believed by advocates of the theory to affect at least 2% of the British population in varying degrees of severity with 70% of those affected being male. Symptoms of dyspraxia may include some of: clumsiness; poor posture; awkward walking; confusion over which hand to use; difficulties in throwing or catching a ball; sensitivity to touch; finding some clothes uncomfortable; poor short term memory; poor body awareness; difficulties with reading and writing; inability to hold a pen or pencil properly; poor sense of direction; lack of balance; slow development; inability to answer simple questions even though they know the answer; speech problems, slow to learn to speak or incoherent speech; phobias and obsessive behaviour;
impatience; intolerance to having hair or teeth brushed, nails and hair cut; plasters too uncomfortable to wear. Though advocates of dyspraxia claim that different sufferers will suffer various symptoms, not all suffering all or even the same symptoms. Older sufferers typically display signs of very immature behaviour. Recent discoveries have found that often sufferers of dyspraxia hallucinate taste sensations when speaking, that is pronouncing different words gives rise to different tastes in the mouth. The Bronte sisters were thought to suffer from dyspraxia, and often sufferers excell in language and literature, while facing severe difficulties with inter-personal relationships and motor coordination.
Research Dyspraxia
Dystonia is a neurological disorder, caused by disease of the basal ganglia, in which the muscles of the trunk, shoulders, and neck go into spasm, resulting in the head and limbs being held in unnatural positions.
Research Dystonia
Dystychiphobia is the fear of accidents.
Research Dystychiphobia
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Abbreviations
Medicine
