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Face ague (tic douloureux) is a form of neuralgia, characterised by acute lancinating pains returning at intervals, and by twinges in certain parts of the face, producing convulsive twitches in the corresponding muscles.
 Research Face Ague
In anatomy, the term facet describes a smooth circumscribed surface; such as, the articular facet of a bone for example.
Research Facet
The facial artery runs upward from the external carotid in the neck, beneath the stylohyoid muscle, and extends forward along the lower jaw bone on a line with the corners of the mouth. The artery then extends upward across the cheek and along the side of the nose and terminates at the inner canthus of the eye. The artery has many curves and bends to accommodate the movement of the cheeks, lips, and jaw. The facial artery has several branches and supplies the face, tonsils, palate, muscles of the lips, ala and dorsum of the nose, and the muscles of facial expression.
Research Facial Artery
The facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve) is the nerve which inervates all of the facial muscles as well as the taste buds of the tongue. The facial nerve emerges from the posterior border of the pons and reaches the facial muscles through various branches. The facial nerve is important for making facial expressions and to the sense of taste.
Research Facial Nerve
Fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (Landouzy-Dejerine), is almost as common as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern by both sexes and occurs in late adolescence. It is characterised by progressive and symmetrical weakening of the muscles, especially the muscles of the face, the shoulders, and the upper arms. Early symptoms include the inability to pucker the lips, abnormal facial movements when laughing or crying, and the inability to raise the arms above the head. Curvature of the spine is associated with some cases of fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy causing a winged appearance of the scapulae.
Research Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Factory leg is a variety of bandy leg, associated with partial dislocation of the tibia, produced in young children by working in factories.
Research Factory Leg
The fallopian tubes (oviducts) are two tubes in mammals which carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus. Eggs are fertilised in the Fallopian tubes by sperm, and then moved to the ovary by way of cilia.
Research Fallopian Tubes
In medicine, a false membrane is a fibrinous deposit formed in croup and diphtheria, resembling in appearance an animal membrane.
Research False Membrane
The lower five pairs of ribs are called false ribs, because they do not directly articulate with the sternum. Instead, the eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs are joined to the seventh rib by cartilaginous tissue. The eleventh and twelfth pairs of ribs (the last two pairs of
false ribs) are also called floating ribs, because they do not connect anteriorly to any other rib or the sternum.
Research False Ribs
The term falx describes a curved fold or process of the dura mater or the peritoneum. The term is especially applied to one of the partition-like folds of the dura mater which extend into the great fissures of the brain.
Research Falx
Faradisation is the medical application of electro-magnetic fields, named after Faraday who discovered such fields in 1837.
Research Faradisation
Farconcil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Farconcil
The fascia is the layer of loose tissue, often containing fat, immediately beneath the skin forming the stronger layer of connective tissue covering and investing all the muscles,
Research Fascia
Fatty degeneration is a diseased condition, in which the oil globules, naturally present in certain organs, are so multiplied as to gradually to destroy and replace the efficient parts of these organs.
Research Fatty Degeneration
In anatomy, the fauces is the narrow passage from the mouth to the pharynx, situated between the soft palate and the base of the tongue. On either side of the passage two membranous folds, called the pillars of the fauces, enclose the tonsils.
Research Fauces
Faverin (fluroamine) is an anti-depression drug which causes central nervous system stimulation by the inhibition of serotonin uptake. It has been noticed, however, that suicide rates among those prescribed Faverin and other serotonin reuptake inhibitors is significantly higher than among those patients who do not take the drugs, revealing that far from reducing depression, Faverin and similar drugs increase it.
Research Faverin
Favus is a contagious fungus disease which produces yellow cup-shaped crusts which first appear on the scalp, and may then spread to the body.
Research Favus
Febriphobia is the fear of fever.
Research Febriphobia
Felinophobia is the fear of cats.
Research Felinophobia
The female reproductive system is responsible for generating the ovum, or egg, for storing the fertilized ovum, and nourishing the gestating embryo and fetus. The chief organs include the ovaries, the uterus, vagina, and the fallopian tubes. External (vulvar) organs include the labia majora, the labia minora, the mons pubis, the clitoris, the vestibule, and the greater vestibular cleft. The ovum, or egg, contains the female's contribution to the genetic make-up of the new child, and is generated in the ovaries. The newly generated ovum is passed through the fimbriated extremity of a fallopian tube, into the fallopian tube and there is fertilized by a spermatozoon (a sperm cell). During sexual arousal, a fluid created by the male's seminal vesicles and the prostate gland combines with the sperm cells to create semen, which is carried through the urethra and out of the opening, or meatus, in the end of the erect penis. When the semen is deposited in the female vagina, the spermatozoa swims through the uterus to the fallopian tube, where it
fertilizes the ovum, or egg. The fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube within the next three days and becomes attached to the wall of the uterus (womb). There, during pregnancy, the fertilized egg will be nourished and will develop into the embryo and, later, the fetus. Once fully developed (after about 9 months), muscular contractions (labor) will push the fetus out of the womb.
Research Female Reproductive System
At the groin, the iliac arteries become femoral arteries, which continue down the front and inner part of the thighs becoming the popliteal arteries at the knee joint. The
femoral arteries carry a fresh supply of blood to the greater part of the legs.
Research Femoral Arteries
The femoral nerves branch off of the spinal cord between the second and fourth lumbar vertebrae. They extend down the leg to innervate the muscles and skin of the leg, including the thigh, knee, part of the calf, the ankle and the foot.
Research Femoral Nerves
The femoral vein extends up the inner thigh along the femoral artery toward the groin where it joins with the internal saphenous vein and becomes the external iliac. The
femoral vein receives the greater part of the blood from the legs. This vein has four or five valves to assist in the transport of blood. The valves open to let blood through, and close to prevent it from flowing backward.
Research Femoral Vein
The femur is the thigh bone in the human leg. The femur is the longest bone in the human body. Its head which is large and round, fits into the cavity called the acetabulum in the innominate bone and forms a ball-and- socket joint.
Research Femur
Festination is an involuntary quickening of the gait occuring in some people with Parkinson's disease.
Research Festination
Fever is an abnormally high body temperature, accompanied by a fast pulse rate and dry skin,
Research Fever
A fibrescope is a fibreoptic endoscope used in surgery for viewing inaccessible internal structures, and in keyhole surgery.
Research Fibrescope
Fibrillation is a local and uncontrollable twitching of muscle fibres, not affecting the entire muscle.
Fibrillation is irregular twitchings of the muscular wall of the heart, often interfering with the normal rhythmical contractions.
Research Fibrillation
Fibrin is a white, insoluble elastic protein formed from fibrinogen when blood clots that forms a network that traps red cells and platelets.
Research Fibrin
Fibrinogen is one of the three main components of plasma. The other two being globulins and albumin. Only 3% of plasma is made up of fibrinogen. It is an important link in the chain of reactions that leads to blood clotting. It uses the enzyme thrombin to form a web of fine protein fibres, called fibrin, that bind blood cells together, creating a bridge over which injured tissue can rebuild itself while blood continues to flow underneath. As an important factor to coagulation, it is often referred to as factor I.
Research Fibrinogen
Fibrinolysis is the breakdown of fibrin in blood clots, particularly by enzymes.
Research Fibrinolysis
Fibroblast is a cell present in connective tissue that synthesizes collagen.
Research Fibroblast
A fibroid is a benign tumour, composed of fibrous and muscular tissue, occurring in the wall of the uterus and often causing heavy menstruation.
Research Fibroid
A fibroma is a benign tumour derived from fibrous connective tissue.
Research Fibroma
Fibrosis is the formation of an abnormal amount of fibrous tissue in an organ or body part as the result of inflammation, irritation, or healing.
Research Fibrosis
Fibrositis is an inflammation of white fibrous tissue, particularly the white fibrous tissue of muscle sheaths.
Research Fibrositis
In anatomy, a fibrous joint is an articulation in which the surfaces of the bones are fastened together by intervening fibrous tissue, and in which there is no appreciable motion, as in the joints between the bones of the human skull.
Research Fibrous joint
In anatomy, fibrous joints are articulations in which the surfaces of the bones are fastened together by intervening fibrous tissue, and in which there is no appreciable motion. For example between the bones of the skull.
Research Fibrous Joints
The fibula is the lateral bone of the leg. It is slender, compared to the tibia. It's purpose is to give attachment to the muscles.
Research Fibula
Filariasis is a disease common in tropical and subtropical countries caused by a parasite of the family Filariidea trasnmitted by mosquitos, which causes malnutrition and inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.
Research Filariasis
The filiform papilla, or conical papilla, are the most numerous and various of the papilla on the tongue covering the front two-thirds of surface of the tongue. Many of the papilla are conical in shape, while others have frilled tips, with each branch of the tip being conical in shape. These papilla are not involved in the perception of taste. They do not appear to carry any taste buds, but rather have an abrasive function.
Research Filiform Papilla
The fimbriated extremity is the fringe-like structure at the end of each fallopian tube. The newly generated ovum, or egg, enters this extremity to travel down the fallopian tube, where it will be fertilized by a spermatozoon.
Research Fimbriated Extremity
Fisamox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Fisamox
Flagellum are a small hair-like organ on the surface of certain cells. They are the motile organs of the sperm cells of higher animals.
Research Flagellum
In human anatomy, flat bones occur where the principal requirement of the skeleton is to protect delicate structures or provide broad surfaces for muscular attachment. The flat bones are comprised of two thin layers of compact bone separated by a variable quantity of spongy substance.
Research Flat Bones
Flat-foot is a deformity of the foot in which the arch sinks so that the whole extent of the sole is in contact with the ground.
Research Flat-foot
Flemoxin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Flemoxin
A flexor is a muscle which serves to bends a joint or limb.
Research Flexor
The flexor carpi radialis is located on the upper half of the forearm. It originates at the humerus and extends down the arm developing into a wide, flat tendon about one-third of the way down the arm and inserts in the base of the metacarpal bones of the index and middle fingers deep in the palm. It is innervated by the median nerve and supplied by radial artery. This muscle bends and turns the hand at the wrist.
Research Flexor Carpi Radialis
The flexor carpi ulnaris is used to bend the hand at the wrist. It gets its name from carpus (wrist bone) and the ulna (forearm bone). This muscle has two heads, one originates from the medial condyle of the humerus and the other originates from the olecranon and upper border of the ulna (forearm bone). The two heads combine to form a single, flat belly that tapers into a long tendon inserting in the pisiform bone of the wrist. It is innervated by the ulnar nerve and supplied by the ulnar artery. This muscle lies along the ulnar side of the forearm and works with the extensor carpi ulnaris to bend the hand at the wrist. If it continues to contract, it bends the elbow.
Research Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
The flexor digiti minimi brevis manus is a narrow muscle located between the abductor digiti minimi and the opponens digiti minimi. It originates from the flexor retinaculum and hamate bone and inserts in the proximal phalanx (first bone) of the little finger. It is innervated by the ulnar nerve and supplied by the ulnar artery. This muscle flexes the little finger. It is considered a part of the hypothenar eminence, the muscle mass of the little finger, located on the outside of the palm of the hand. The hypothenar eminence includes the abductor digiti minimi, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, the opponens digiti minimi, and the palmaris brevis. These muscles work together to perform the grasping functions of the hand.
Research Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Manus
The flexor digiti minimi brevis pedis is the muscle of the little toe. It is a very narrow muscle that originates near the peroneus longus muscle at the base of the metatarsal bone of the little toe and inserts in the base of the proximal phalanx of the little toe. It is innervated bythe lateral plantar nerve ans supplied by the plantar artery. This muscle flexes (bends) the little toe.
Research Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Pedis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle lies in the middle of the sole of the foot. It originates from the medial tubercle of the calcaneum and the plantar fascia and divides into four tendons and extends to the medial phalanges of each toe. It is innervated by the medial plantar nerve and supplied by the plantar artery. This muscle helps flex (bend) the toes.
Research Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum longus is a deep muscle originating from the middle half of the back of the tibia and runs deep under the foot inserting in the bases of the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes. It is innervated by the tibial nerve and supplied by the posterior tibial artery and, to some extent, by the peroneal artery. This muscle flexes the toes for the final push-off in walking and running. It also flexes the foot. It is attached to the flexor hallucis longus muscle, which flexes the big toe.
Research Flexor Digitorum Longus
The belly of the flexor digitorum profundus lies on the forearm. It originates from the inner side of the ulna, extends down the forearms and divides into four tendons. These tendons insert in the base of the last (distal) phalanges of the four fingers. A tendon does not insert in the thumb. The
flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the ulnar and median nerves and supplied the ulnar artery and the radial artery. This muscle is used to flex the fingers, but can do so only after the flexor digitorum superficialis has contracted. The muscle also assists in flexing the wrist. The movement of the fingers, or digits, is achieved by flexor and adductor muscles. The flexors, such as the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus, contract to draw the fingers into a curl.
Research Flexor Digitorum Profundus
The flexor digitorum superficialis (flexor digitorum sublimis; flexor sublimis) is a large, wide muscle that lies partially deep and partially superficial on the forearm. It consists of two heads. One head (the caput humeroulnare) originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the medial border of the coronoid process. The other head (the caput radiale) originates from the radius. The muscle narrows to insert by way of four tendons into the sides of the middle phalanx of each finger. It does not have an attachment to the thumb. The
flexor digitorum superficialis is innervated by the median nerve and supplied by the ulnar artery and the radial artery.
Research Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
The flexor hallucis brevis is one of the muscle of the big toe. It originates from the cuboid bone and the middle and lateral cuneiform bones. The muscle divides in two and inserts in the inner and outer sides of the base of the first phalanx, and as the name implies, it works to flex or bend the toe. This muscle is innervated by the medial and lateral plantar nerves and supplied by the plantar artery.
Research Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis longus (flexor of the big toe) is a large superficial muscle that lies on the fibular side of the leg. It originates from the posterior surface of the fibula and inserts in the distal phalanx of the big toe. It is innervated by the medial plantar nerve and supplied by the plantar artery and the posterior tibial artery. This muscle is attached to the flexor digitorum longus muscle.
Research Flexor Hallucis Longus
The flexor pollicis brevis (thumb muscle) is a small, narrow muscle consisting of two portions, the outer and inner. The outer portion is superficial and originates from the flexor retinaculum of the wrist. The inner portion is deep and originates from the ulnar side of the metacarpal bone. These two portions join to form a tendon that inserts in the proximal phalanx of the thumb. This muscle is innervated by motor branches of the the median nerve and is supplied by branches of the radial artery. The flexor pollicis brevis flexes and rotates the thumb. The
flexor pollicis brevis muscle is a part of the thenar eminence.
Research Flexor Pollicis Brevis
The flexor pollicis longus is a deep forearm muscle. It originates from the shaft of the radius and the interosseus membrane and extends down the arm where it narrows into a flat tendon and inserts on the palmar side of the base of the distal (last) phalanx of the thumb. It is innervated by the median palmar interosseous, a branch of the median nerve and is supplied by branches from the radial artery. This muscle bends the last phalanx of the thumb.
Research Flexor Pollicis Longus
About ten blood vessels and nerves and more than twenty tendons pass through the wrist area. These are bound by two fibrous muscle bands that cuff the entire wrist and lie just under the skin. The two bands, the flexor retinaculum and the extensor retinaculum work together. The
flexor retinaculum is a deep, thick fibrous band that lies on the palm side of the wrist and creates the carpal tunnel for the passage of the long flexor tendons of the fingers. The extensor retinaculum attaches to the ulna and crosses the back of the wrist and attaches to the ridges on the distal end of the radius.
Research Flexor Retinaculum
Flu is a term used today to describe a number of different viral infections that affect either the respiratory system or the stomach. Originally, the word 'flu' described a single collection of viral infections - influenza, and the term flu is still popularly used for influenza. The two most common types of viruses that cause flu, out of more than a hundred that have been identified, are known as Influenza A and Influenza B.
Flu symptoms appear in full force within a few days of the virus entering the system. Common complaints are fever, chills and shaking, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite.
Research Flu
Fluorosis is chronic poisoning caused by drinking water containing excessive amounts of fluoride. It results in discolouration of the teeth and a disabling arthritis which chiefly affects the spine.
Research Fluorosis
A foetus is an unborn offspring of an animal.
Research Foetus
The foliate papilla, also referred to as the lateral organs, have leaf-like forms. They are found in clusters roughly in the middle of each side of the tongue. Generally, they are positioned just in front of the 'V' formation of the vallate papilla. These papilla are involved in the perception of taste and have taste buds located just below the surface. They respond predominantly to sourness.
Research Foliate Papilla
A follicle is a small group of cells that surrounds and nourishes a structure such as a hair (hair
follicle) or a cell such as an egg (Graafian follicle).
Research Follicle
In medicine, a fomes is any material, such as bedding or clothing, that may harbour pathogens and therefore convey disease
Research Fomes
The fontanelle is a membrane covered vault in the skull. It normally closes during infancy.
Research Fontanelle
In animals, the foot is the lower extremity of the leg; the part of the leg which treads the ground in standing and walking, and by which the animal is sustained and enabled to step. The human foot is composed of twenty-six bones, seven of which constitute the tarsus or ankle, which articulates with the leg and corresponds to the carpus or wrist. Five bones form the metatarsus, which corresponds to the metacarpus, and articulates with the tarsus behind and the with the toes in front.
Research Foot
Foot-and-Mouth Disease is a disease of horned cattle, sheep, etc. caused by a virus and characterised by the appearance of vesicles on the mouth, tongue and elsewhere, and salivation and champing of the mouth. The disease is intensely contagious, and has an incubation period of between 2 and 5 days.
Research Foot-and-Mouth Disease
The foramen cecum is a small depression about three centimeters from the base of the tongue.
Research Foramen Cecum
The foramen lacerum is a small opening in the skull near the point of articulation between the sphenoid, occipital (basilar part) and temporal bones. This opening admits the inner carotid artery into the skull from below.
Research Foramen Lacerum
The fornix is an arching bundle of white muscle fibres located just below the corpus callosum within the brain. Its rear portion is attached to the corpus callosum, but in the front, it is attached to it by the septum pellucidum. The fornix features two symmetrical halves, one of which extends slightly into each of the hemispheres of the brain. These parts are connected in the middle (at the body of the fornix) but separate in the front and back to form the anterior pillars and posterior pillars, respectively. The body of the fornix is a flattened triangular shape, which is slightly narrower in the front than in the rear.
Research Fornix
Foudroyant describes a disease that occurs suddenly and with great severity.
Research Foudroyant
The fovea is a small depression in the retina where vision is most acute.
Research Fovea
Fowler's Solution is a solution of potassium arsenite, prepared by boiling together arsenic trioxide and potassium bicarbonate in water. It was used in medicine as a mild tonic for digestive disorders.
Research Fowler's Solution
Francophobia (Gallophobia) is the fear of French people and things.
Research Francophobia
Branches and segments of nerves, called free nerve endings, are located in the dermis. They are intricately laced through the dermis and cover the whole skin. The
free nerve endings record sensations, especially pain. They are even found in the cornea of the eye where they inform the eye of touch and pressure.
Research Free Nerve Ending
Frigophobia is the fear of cold.
Research Frigophobia
The frontal bone is one of the flat cranial bones that forms the forehead and roof of the orbits. The frontal bone also forms the upper part of the nasal cavity as well as forming the floor of the skull, where the brain is housed. Two cavities, the frontal sinuses, lie within the frontal bone, just behind the spots above each orbit. The frontal bone is attached to the parietal bones by the coronal suture, and is also connected by sutures to the sphenoid, ethmoid bone, maxillary, nasal, lachrymal, and zygomatic bones. In the center of the front of the frontal bone, just between and slightly above the orbits, is a raised portion of the bone, called the glabella. The frontal bone also features two foramina. one just above each orbit.
Research Frontal Bone
The frontal vein (frontalis vein), is one of the exterior veins of the head and face. It extends from the forehead to the root of the nose where it joins the supra-orbital vein near the eye orbit and forms the angular vein. This vein carries blood from the venous plexus of the forehead and scalp to the facial vein. The blood then continues towards the heart and lungs to be reoxygenated.
Research Frontal Vein
Frousshure was an old, 15th century term for a bruise or contusion.
Research Frousshure
Frusemide is a diuretic used to treat hypertension and to relieve oedema due to heart or kidney disease.
Research Frusemide
Fullcilina is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Fullcilina
A functional disease is a disease in which there is no observable change in the structure of an organ or part.
Research Functional Disease
Fundus is the scientific term for the stomach.
Research Fundus
The fundus uteri is the body of the uterus and is the portion of the female reproductive tract which serves to house and nourish the developing embryo and fetus.
Research Fundus Uteri
The fungiform papilla are small, mushroom-shaped papilla with a deep-red colour. They are scattered irregularly over the surface of the tongue, but are predominantly found at the tip of the tongue and along the edges. These papilla are involved in the perception of taste and have taste buds located just below their surface. They respond only to sweet and salt tastes.
Research Fungiform Papilla
Furunculosis is a skin condition characterised by the presence of multiple boils.
Research Furunculosis
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Abbreviations
Medicine
