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Hadephobia (stygiophobia) is the fear of hell.
 Research Hadephobia
In anatomy, the Haemal Cavity is a term applied to the cavity which contains the great centres of circulation in the Vertebrata, together with the digestive and respiratory apparatus. The Haemal Arch is the arch formed by the projections anteriorly of the ribs and the sternum from the vertebrae.
Research Haemal Cavity
Haematemesis is the vomiting of blood. It may be due to: having swallowed blood (after a nosebleed or surgery in the mouth); peptic ulcer; or rupture of varicose veins in the oesophagus or a complication of cirrhosis.
Research Haematemesis
Haematology is the branch of medicine concerned with disorders of the blood.
Research Haematology
Haematoma is an accumulation of blood in the tissues, causing a solid swelling. It may be due to injury, disease or a blood clotting disorder such as haemophilia.
Research Haematoma
Haemofiltration is a temporary treatment for patients in acute (usually temporary) kidney failure. Large volumes of plasma water are filtered out of the bloodstream, to be replaced by a sterile electrolyte solution. This has the effect of removing waste products, regulating the plasma electrolytes and getting rid of excess water. For critically ill patients it is safer than dialysis.
Research Haemofiltration
Haemoglobin is a protein used by all vertebrates and some invertebrates for oxygen transport. In vertebrates it occurs in red blood cells (erythrocytes), giving them their colour. In the lungs or gills where the concentration of oxygen is high, oxygen attaches to haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin. This process effectively increases the amount of oxygen that can be carried in the bloodstream. The oxygen is later released in the body tissues where it is at a low concentration, and the deoxygenated blood returned to the lungs or gills. Haemoglobin will combine also with carbon monoxide to form carboxyhaemoglobin, but in this case the reaction is irreversible.
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Haemoglobinopathy is any of various inherited diseases, including sickle-cell anaemia and thalassaemia, characterised by abnormal haemoglobin.
Research Haemoglobinopathy
Haemolymph is the circulatory fluid of those molluscs and insects that have an 'open' circulatory system.
Haemolymph contains water, amino acids, sugars, salts, and white cells like those of blood. The fluid is circulated by a pulsating heart. Its main functions are to transport digestive and excretory products around the body. In molluscs, it also transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Research Haemolymph
Haemophilia is several inherited diseases in which normal blood clotting is impaired. Haemophilia is an hereditary condition passed on by the mother who is not herself affected although all her male children are afflicted, and her daughters carry the same latent fault which they pass on to their own children. It used to be thought that no female could be affected but this is not so. Girls may in fact suffer from haemophilia. Trivial injuries produce gross haemorrhage and even the normal wear and tear on the joints is sometimes accompanied by tremendous haemarthrosis (blood in the joint).
Haemophilia is known to be due to an absence of certain clotting factors and is incurable. 'Closed' haemorrhage - that is haemorrhage under the skin or into an internal organ or joint - is usually self-limiting. A large haematoma results and in the case of a joint the haemarthrosis leads to stiffening and deformity. Surgical operation for any condition in a haemophiliac is extremely hazardous but blood transfusion improves the clotting power of the blood for a few days. Sooner or later almost every sufferer from haemophilia requires blood transfusion which has the dual effect of replacing lost blood and adding factors which produce clotting at the site of bleeding. In haemophilia, the usual methods of blood control by pressure, heat or chemicals are completely ineffective and the only local application which is of value is the venom from a particular species of adder, Russell's viper. This substance is supplied as a dry powder in glass ampoules and is useful for controlling the bleeding from small areas such as a tooth socket. A solution is made with water and applied on a small cotton wool swab.
Research Haemophilia
Haemophobia is the fear of blood.
Research Haemophobia
Haemoptysis is the coughing up of blood, sometimes produced by fulness of the blood-vessels of the lungs or throat, or by the rupture of blood-vessels as a consequence of ulceration. It is distinguished from blood coming from the stomach by the comparative smallness of its quantity, and by its usually florid colour. It occurs in heart disease, in pneumonia, and tubercular disease. It is sometimes a case of vicarious menstruation.
Research Haemoptysis
Haemostasis is natural or surgical stoppage of bleeding. In the natural mechanism, the damaged vessel contracts, restricting the flow, and blood platelets plug the opening, releasing chemicals essential to clotting.
Research Haemostasis
Hagiophobia is the fear of saints.
Research Hagiophobia
The root of a hair has a bulbous shape and is called the hair bulb. It is located deep in the hair follicle. The hair bulb is whiter in colour, and softer in texture than the hair shaft.
Research Hair Bulb
The hair follicle is a tunnel-like segment of the epidermis that extends down into the dermis. The follicle is a thin sac of epidermal tissue with a bulb at the bottom. The hair follicles produce the hair. Every hair follicle is nourished by a papilla.
Research Hair Follicle
Hair shafts grow from hair follicles situated in the dermis and hypodermis. Every hair consists of a root, the part that lies under the skin, and a shaft, the part that extends from the follicle above the skin. Hair grows on every part of the skin except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Hair varies in length, thickness, and colour on different parts of the body and on different people. In some parts of the body, as in the skin of the eyelids, the hairs are so short that they do not to project beyond their follicles and on the face are fine, light sensory hairs called vibrissae. In other parts of the body, as on the scalp, the hair is much longer and thicker.
Research Hair Shaft
An hallucinogen is a substance that acts on the central nervous system to produce changes in perception and mood and often hallucinations. Hallucinogens include LSD, peyote, and mescaline. Their effects are unpredictable and they are illegal in most countries. In some circumstances hallucinogens may produce panic or even suicidal feelings, which can recur without warning several days or months after taking the drug. In rare cases they produce an irreversible psychotic state mimicking schizophrenia. Spiritual or religious experiences are common, hence the ritual use of
hallucinogens in some cultures. They work by chemical interference with the normal action of neurotransmitters in the brain.
Research Hallucinogen
The hallux is the innermost of the five digits which normally compose the hind foot of a vertebrate. In humans the big toe, in a bird the hind toe.
Research Hallux
Hamartophobia is the fear of sin.
Research Hamartophobia
The hamate bone is one of the eight carpal bones which constitute each wrist. The bone is so named because it features a hook-like prominence (hamulus) which articulates with the fourth and fifth metacarpals.
Research Hamate bone
The hand is the part of the body which terminates the arm, and consists of the palm and fingers, connected with the arm at the wrist. The human hand is comprosed of twenty-seven bones, namely eight bones of the carpus or wrist arranged in two rows of four each, the row next to the fore-arm containing the scaphoid, the semilunar, the cuneiform, and the pisiform, and next the metacarpus, the trapezium, the trapezoid, the osmagnum and the unciform. The metacarpus consists of the five bones which form the palm, the first being that of the thumb, the others that of the fingers in succession. Lastly, the fingers proper contain fourteen bones called phalanges, of which the thumb has but two, all the other digits having three each. These bones are jointed so as to admit a variety of movements, the more peculiar being those by which the hand is flexed backwards, forwards and sideways, and by which the thumb and fingers are moved in different ways.
The chief muscles which determine these movements are the flexors, which pass down the fore-arm, are attached by tendons to the phalanges of the fingers and serve to flex or bend the fingers; and the extensors for extending the fingers. There are two muscles which flex all the fingers except the thumb. The thumb has a separate long and short flexor. There is a common extensor for the fingers which passes down the back of the fore-arm and divides at the wrist into four tendons, one for each finger, each being attached to all three phalanges. The forefinger and little finger have, in addition, each an extensor of its own, and the thumb has both a short and a long extensor. The tendons of the muscles of the hand are interlaced and bound together by bands and aponeurotic fibres, and from this results a more or less complete unity of action.
Research Hand
Movement of the hand is produced by a combination of muscles, which originate in the forearm and insert into the hand and wrist, and a few muscles that arise within the hand itself. The side to side movements of the hand are capable of the most delicate adjustments and occur in all movements that require delicate and fine regulation and control, such as writing or threading a needle. The fingers have no muscles at all, only strong ligaments attached to muscles in the hand and forearm. Each of the four fingers has two long flexor and extensor tendons which arise from muscles in the forearm. The thumb is also controlled by extensor and flexor tendons.
Research Hand Muscles
Hand-drop is an old popular name for paralysis of the hand caused by lead poisoning.
Research Hand-Drop
Haphephobia is the fear of being touched.
Research Haphephobia
Haptophobia is the fear of touch.
Research Haptophobia
The palate forms the roof of the mouth. The hard palate is located in the front of the mouth. Portions of the maxillary bones make up the front of the roof of the mouth creating the hard palate. The soft palate is a continuation of the hard palate. It is a moveable fold of mucous membrane suspended in the back of the mouth, forming an arch and an incomplete septum between the mouth and pharynx.
Research Hard Palate
Hare-lip is a congenital malformation, frequently hereditary, occuring chiefly in the upper lip and having one fissure only; if there are two it is called a double harelip. Harelip, besides being a deformity, is attended with a defect of speech and often a cleft of the upper jaw and palate bones, converting the mouth and nose practically into one cavity. In ordinary cases it is easily corrected by an operation.
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Harpaxophobia is the fear of robbers.
Research Harpaxophobia
In pharmacy, hartshorn was the horn of the common stag, from which substances deemed of high medical value were formerly prepared by distillation, such as spirits of hartshorn, oil of hartshorn, and salt of hartshorn. The active ingredient of these was ammonia, which was later obtained from gas-liquor and other sources.
Research Hartshorn
The Haversian Canals are a network of minute canals, which traverse the solid substance of bones and proceed from the central cavity. They convey nutrient vessels to all parts.
Research Haversian Canals
The Haversian lamellae are layers of bone formed during the development of the bone which contain the Haversian canals.
Research Haversian Lamellae
Hay fever is a now common (around 1900 it was rare) allergy to pollen, straw, hay or of certain drugs, such as ipecacuanha. causing a reaction in the nose lining. The disease varies from the symptoms of a severe cold up to those of spasmodic asthma. The patient is tormented with headaches, his eyes are suffused, he sneezes violently, and there is an acrid discharge from the nose, with harassing cough. Removal from the cause of the disease is beneficial, so are the smoking of tobacco, the inhalation of vapour of creosote, etc. Helmholtz discovered vibriones in the mucus of patients afflicted with hay-fever.
Research Hay Fever
Hazard perception is the learned, concious ability of a person to detect potential hazards. It is particularly important for drivers of motor cars. Researchers at Reading University in the late 1990s discovered that novice drivers were more likely to have an accident because of an ignorance of hazards, rather than a low hazard perecption ability. Contrarily, experienced drivers while making use of mobile phones (with a hands free set) were found to have their hazard perception ability greatly reduced to the extent that they were more likely to have an accident than a novice driver. This reduction in hazard perception ability occurring because hazard perception requires a great deal of mental resources, which talking on the telephone (or other distractions) take mental resources away from.
Research Hazard Perception
The heart is a hollow pear-shaped muscular organ placed between the lungs in the middle of the chest that pumps blood through the body, supplying cells with oxygen and nutrients.
The heart in humans, quadrupeds, birds, and some reptiles is composed of four cavities, two auricles and two ventricles. It is enveloped in a membrane called the pericardium, and is situated toward the left of the cavity of the chest, between the lungs. With each beat the apex of the heart strikes against the wall of the chest in the space between the 5th and 6th ribs, a little below and to the right of the left nipple. The right auricle communicates with the right ventricle, besides which there are in it three openings, that of the vena cava inferior, that of the vena cava superior, and that of the coronary vein. The communication between this auricle and ventricle is closed by a valve when the ventricle contracts. The right ventricle communicates with the pulmonary artery, the opening into the artery being guarded by a valve formed of three flaps. When these are brought together they interrupt the communication between the ventricle and the artery. The left auricle communicates through a valved opening with the left ventricle, and contains the orifices of the four pulmonary veins. The left ventricle, besides the communication with the left auricle, contains the orifice of the aorta, also provided with a valve similar to that of the pulmonary artery.
The auricles and ventricle of one side are separated from those of the other by a complete muscular partition, the septum cordis. The valves at the openings of the arteries are called semilunar, that at the orifice of the right auricle tricuspid, that at the orifice of the left auricle mitral, and that at the orifice of the vena cava inferior the Eustachian valve.
The heart is formed of a firm thick muscular tissue, composed of fibres interlacing so as to form a figure of eight. It also contains nerves and vessels.
The arteries carry the blood from the heart to all parts of the body. They terminate in the capillary vessels, a series of extremely minute tubes which pass over into the veins.
The veins are the channels by which the blood passes back from the body to the right auricle of the heart. The blood which is returned from the veins is purplish red, from the presence of carbon dioxide and deficiency in oxygen, and is called venous; that which leaves the heart is bright red, being oxygenated, and is called arterial.
The venous blood parts with its carbon dioxide and receives new supplies of oxygen in the capillary system of the lungs, flows into the pulmonary veins, thence into the left cavities of the heart, thence it passes into the aorta, and is transmitted to all parts of the body, returning to the veins by the capillary system. It has now become venous, passes through the veins from the extremities towards the heart, receiving the chyle and the lymph, and is emptied into the right cavities of that organ, which returns it through the pulmonary artery to the capillary vessels of the lungs, where it is subjected to the influence of the air, resumes the qualities of red or arterial blood, and is ready for a new course.
The mechanism of the circulation is as follows: The blood contained in the two venae cavae is poured into the right auricle, which contracts, and thus forces the fluid to escape; but the venae cavae oppose to its backward passage the column of blood which they contain, and it must therefore pass into the right ventricle. The ventricle then contracts, and the tricuspid valve closing the passage through which the liquid entered, it is forced into the pulmonary artery, along which it must flow (return to the ventricle being prevented by the semi-lunar valve) into the capillary system of the lungs, whence it passes into the pulmonary veins, which pour it into the left auricle by four orifices.
The contraction of the auricle impels it into the left ventricle, by which it is driven forward into the aorta (the mitral valve preventing its return into the auricle), and thence into the general circulation. The two auricles contract and relax simultaneously with each other, as do also the two ventricles. The relaxation is called diastole; the contraction systole.
The quantity of blood projected at each systole is generally estimated at six ounces. The causes of the alternate contraction and relaxation are entirely involuntary and dependent on the nervous system to a large extent. The systole of the ventricles is the cause of the motion of the blood in the arteries, which dilate with each wave driven into them.
The heart is the seat of various and generally dangerous diseases. One of these is pericarditis or inflammation of the pericardium, the double lining membrane or bag enveloping the heart. The cause of this disease may be exposure to cold, or an injury, or it may be complicated with other diseases. Inflammation of the inner lining is termed endocarditis.
Valvular disease is a common affection of the heart, the valves becoming thickened, contracted, rigid, or otherwise affected, so that they cannot properly perform their duty. The mitral valve, for instance, may become too narrow and contracted, and the result is that all the blood does not pass into the aorta. In other cases of valvular disease, the same result follows, that is imperfect depletion of the ventricles and auricles, the return of blood being termed regurgitation. The heart consequently becomes weakened, while the entire system suffers.
Overgrowth or hypertrophy and dilatation are frequent results of valvular disease. The use of digitalis is often successful in strengthening and soothing the heart. Certain diseases produce atrophy, in which the heart becomes feeble in action, while fatty degeneration occurs, when the muscular fibres are replaced by oleaginous particles.
Research Heart
Between the lungs is a space for the heart. This cavity is more pronounced on the left lung, which is slightly concave, than on the right. The pericardium of the heart is in direct contact with the pleural lining of the lungs and is attached to the centrally placed tendinous portion of the diaphragmatic muscle.
Research Heart Cavity
Heat cramp, also known as fireman's cramp, miner's cramp, stoker's cramp and cane-cutter's cramp. Is a popular name for cramp occuring in an arm, leg, or in the stomach, and which is caused by too little water and salt in the body due to heat exhaustion. The cramp usually occurs after vigorous physical exertion in very hot weather or under other conditions that cause heavy sweating and cause the body to use up fluids and salts.
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Hedonophobia is the fear of pleasure.
Research Hedonophobia
Heliophobia is the fear of sun.
Research Heliophobia
The helix rings the uppermost portion of the ear and forms the rim of the outer ear. The inner curved prominence that lies parallel to the helix is the antihelix. It also borders the back and top of the concha. The helix and antihelix are composed of cartilage. The outer ear is composed of a single piece of cartilage, with the exception of the lobule.
Research Helix
Hellenologophobia is the fear of Greek terms.
Research Hellenologophobia
Helminthophobia is the fear of worms.
Research Helminthophobia
Hematospermia is the presence of blood in ejaculated semen. Hematospermia may be the result of inflammation due to a viral or bacterial infection.
Research Hematospermia
Hemeralopia (day blindness) is a defect in the sight in consequence of which a person can see only by artificial light. The term is also used, however, for exactly the opposite defect of vision.
Research Hemeralopia
Hemiopia is a defect of vision in which the patient sees only a part of the object he looks at, the middle of it, its circumference, or its upper or lower part, or more commonly one lateral half being completely obscured.
Research Hemiopia
Hemiplegia or hemiplegy is a paralysis affecting one-half of the body.
Research Hemiplegia
Hemophobia is the fear of blood.
Research Hemophobia
Hepar Sulphuris (liver of sulphur) so called from its brownish-green and liver-like appearance is a mixture of polysulphides of potassium with sulphate or thiosulphate of potash. It was a common homoeopathic medicine during the Victorian period.
Research Hepar Sulphuris
The hepatic artery is a branch of the celiac artery. It lies between the gastric artery and the splenic artery. It supplies the stomach and then branches into the left and right hepatic arteries and supplies the liver. The hepatic artery has three branches: the pyloric, the gastro-duodenal, and the cystic.
Research Hepatic Artery
The hepatic ducts transport bile out of the liver. The main hepatic duct is formed by two smaller ducts and this leads to the cystic duct. Joining with the cystic duct (which connects with the gall bladder), the hepatic duct then forms the ductus communis choledochus, or common bile duct, which leads to the duodenum of the small intestine.
Research Hepatic Ducts
The veins of the liver are relatively large to accommodate the great volume of blood passing through it. The liver receives 28% of the body's total cardiac output of blood, which equates to 2 1/2 pints (1.4 liters) of blood circulating through an average adult at rest every minute. After passing through the liver, the blood leaves the liver by way of the hepatic vein, which drains into the inferior vena cava.
Research Hepatic Vein
Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver.
Research Hepatitis
Hepatitis-associated antigen is an antigen that occurs in the blood serum of some people, especially those people with serum hepatitis.
Research Hepatitis-Associated Antigen
Heroin (diacetylmorphine) is a powerful opiate analgesic derived from morphine. A sedative, heroin is used illicitly to produce intense euphoria. Heroin is so called because one of its effects is to make the user believe there is a 'hero in them'.
Research Heroin
There are two distinct viral infections known as herpes: herpes simplex and
herpes zoster. Both forms casue clusters of sore blisters on the skin, and both once established lie dormant waiting to erupt. The name herpes is given from the tendency of the eruption to creep or spread from one part of the skin to another (Greek herpein, to creep).
Research Herpes
Herpes simplex is a very common viral infection often manifesting itself as a 'cold sore'. Once infected a patient can suffer repeat crops of blisters at any time, usually when the immune system is low. Herpes simplex also occurs around the genitals and can be transmitted sexually.
Research Herpes Simplex
Herpes zoster (shingles) is a form of Herpes caused by the chickenpox virus. The disease often lies dormant for many years, only to appear following a period of intense stress, and often for no apparent reason. Unlike herpes simple, herpes zoster rarely reoccurs.
Research Herpes Zoster
Herpetophobia is the fear of reptiles.
Research Herpetophobia
Heterophobia is the fear of the opposite sex.
Research Heterophobia
Hiconcil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Hiconcil
Hidramox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Hidramox
Hidrosis is any skin disease affecting the sweat glands.
Research Hidrosis
Hierophobia is the fear of priests.
Research Hierophobia
The hilus is the slit-like opening in the middle of the concave medial border of the kidney. Nerves and blood vessels pass through the hilus into the renal sinus within.
Research Hilus
In medicine, the hip is the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur (which is ball-shaped) and the side of the pelvis (which is a cup-shaped receptor called an acetabulum). The sides of the pelvis where the femurs connect, the hips, face outwards and are tilted slightly downwards and backwards to enable the thrust required for walking. The hip is surrounded by the powerful muscles of the buttocks and thighs and is reinforced by strong ligaments, making it a very stable joint, difficult to dislocate.
Research Hip
Hipen is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Hipen
Hippocras was a medicinal drink, composed of wine (generally a mixture of Lisbon and canary), with an infusion of mixed spices and other ingredients, formerly much used in England, and still common on the Continent at the start of the 20th century.
Research Hippocras
Hippophobia is the fear of horses.
Research Hippophobia
Histopathology is the study of the microscopic structure of diseased tissues.
Research Histopathology
Histoplasmosis is a severe fungal disease of the lungs caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.
Research Histoplasmosis
Hobophobia is the fear of beggars and vagrants.
Research Hobophobia
Hodgkin's disease (also known as lymphoadenoma and lymphogranulomatosis) is a malignant disease characterised by enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
Research Hodgkin's Disease
Hodophobia is the fear of travel.
Research Hodophobia
The Holgar Neilsen method is a method of artificial respiration introduced during the late 1950s by the Danish Red Cross Society and similar in principle to the Silvester method except that the patient lies face downwards. Inspiration (chest expansion) is produced by lifting the arms upwards over the head, and expiration is produced by the operator compressing the chest with hands placed over the patient's scapulae.
Research Holgar Neilsen Method
Holocaine is a local anaesthetic similar in many respects to cocaine, and is a condensation product of phenetidin. It was formerly used in nasal and ophthalmic surgery.
Research Holocaine
Home-Sickness or nostalgia, is a disease long recognised since at least the Victorian period, arising from an intense and uncontrolled feeling of grief at a separation from. one's home or native land. It is most frequent among persons who leave mountainous and go to flat countries, as the Scotch Highlanders and Swiss, or among those who change from the country to the town. It commences by a deep melancholy, is sometimes accompanied by low, nervous, hectic fever, or occasionally changes into phthisis, and has been known to terminate fatally.
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Homichlophobia is the fear of fog.
Research Homichlophobia
Homilophobia is the fear of sermons.
Research Homilophobia
Hominophobia is the fear of men.
Research Hominophobia
Homoeopathy is the name of a system of medicine introduced in the early 19th century by Samuel Hahnemann of Leipzig. It is a system founded upon the belief that drugs have the power of curing morbid conditions similar to those they have the power to excite, an old belief long ago expressed in the Latin phrase 'similia similibus curantur' (like is cured by like). In contradistinction to this system the more common method of treating diseases has been termed heteropathy or allopathy. In practice homoeopathy is associated with the system of administering infinitesimal doses.
Research Homoeopathy
Homophobia is the fear of homosexuals and homosexuality.
Research Homophobia
Hoplophobia is the fear of firearms.
Research Hoplophobia
The horizontal fissure divides the middle and upper lobes of the right lung and the upper and lower lobes of the left lung. The right and left lung feature fissures which divide the overall structures into smaller lobes. The left lung has one horizontal fissure which divides it into two lobes (upper and lower). The right lung has one horizontal fissure and one oblique fissure, dividing the right lung into three lobes (upper, middle, and lower). Because of this third lobe, the right lung is larger than the left, extending further down in the abdominal cavity. The right and left lung are each enclosed in a pleural sac and are separated by the mediastinum, a membrane which extends from the vertebral column in back to the sternum in front.
Research Horizontal Fissure
Hormephobia is the fear of shock.
Research Hormephobia
A hormone is a product of the endocrine glands.
Research Hormone
Hosboral is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Hosboral
A hospital is an institution for caring for the sick and injured. The name derives from House of God' s
Hospitality, and were founded by the church in obedience to the injunction to care for the sick. Not until the late Victorian era would doctors attend to sexually transmitted diseases, believing them to be punishments from God. A view still held by many religious people today, although now more commonly applied to 'AIDS' than other STDs.
Research Hospital
Hospital Fever was a malignant form of typhus fever prevalent during the Victorian period. It was so called from its being most frequently met with in military and other large hospitals of the time.
Research Hospital Fever
Housemaid's knee is a popular name for a swelling of the bursa, or pouch containing serous fluid, which lies just over the kneecap. It was so called because it was common in the Victorian era amongst housemaids from their kneeling on hard damp stones.
Research Housemaid's Knee
HTLV (human T-cell lymphotrophic virus) is any one of a small family of viruses that cause certain rare diseases in the T-cells of humans. For example HTLV I causes a form of leukaemia.
Research HTLV
The humerus is the long, cylindrical bone in the upper region of the human arm. It has a rounded head that joins with the shoulder at the glenoid cavity by the strong capsular ligament, forming a joint capable of a great range of movements. At the elbow it articulates with the ulna of the forearm.
Research Humerus
A hutkin was a cover for a sore finger, formerly made by cutting off a finger from an old glove.
Research Hutkin
The hyaloid canal, also known as the canal of Stilling, is a thin fluid filled canal with a membranous lining extending through the center of the vitreous body from the optic nerve to the lens.
Research Hyaloid Canal
Hydraemia is thinness of the blood.
Research Hydraemia
Hydralazine hydrochloride is a drug used to reduce high blood pressure and to aid in relieving congestive heart failure. It has the possible side effects of: headaches, dizziness on changing position quickly, increased heart rate, angina, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, rash and weight gain.
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Hydrargyophobia is the fear of mercurial medicines.
Research Hydrargyophobia
Hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid in some of the coverings of the testicle or spermatic cord, or in the areolar texture of the scrotum. It is generally the result of a strain or an inflammation of the testes. A large tumour is formed, filled with fluid, which has often to be drawn off three or four times a year. A radical cure may be effected by setting up an inflammation which brings the opposite surfaces of the sac into adhesion, and thus obliterates the cavity.
Research Hydrocele
Hydrocephalus or hydrocephaly (water on the brain) is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain resulting because its normal outlet has been blocked by congenital malformation or disease. In infancy it usually results in great enlargement of the head.
Research Hydrocephalus
Hydrochlorothiazide is an anti-hypertensive and diuretic drug used to controls, but not cure high, high blood pressure and reduce fluid retention (edema). It works by forcing sodium and water excretion, thereby reducing the body fluid.
Research Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrocodone (Vicodin) is an orally ingested or injected powerful anti-tussive and central nervous system depressant and respiratory depressant. It is used in medicine to relieve cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies or colds.
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Hydrocodone Bitartrate is a semi-synthetic narcotic analgesic and anti-tussive with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine. Most these involve the central nervous system and smooth muscle. The precise mechanism of action of hydrocodone and other opiates is not known, although it is believed to relate to the existence of opiate receptors in the central nervous system. In addition to analgesia, narcotics may produce drowsiness, changes in mood and mental clouding.
Research Hydrocodone Bitartrate
Hydromorphone hydrochloride (Dilaudid) is a drug used in medicine for the relief of moderate to severe pain. It is injected, orally ingested or inserted rectally, and causes respiratory depression and blocks pain messages to the brain as well as causing miosis.
Research Hydromorphone hydrochloride
Hydropathy is a method of treating diseases by the use of pure water both internally and externally, which came extensively into practice in the 19th century. The system was originated by Vincent Priessnitz, a Silesian peasant, who in 1829 established at his native village of Grafenberg an institution for the hydropathic treatment of diseases, and invented a variety of forms in which the water cure might be applied, such as the wet-sheet pack, the dry blanket or sweating pack, the sitz, douche, plunge, wave, etc, baths. The new system soon acquired popularity, and the original establishment expanded into an extensive suite of buildings. Other hydropathic institutions soon sprung up in other parts of Germany.
In 1842 a hydropathic society was formed in London, and before long numerous establishments were erected all over the United Kingdom. Before Priessnitz's death in 1851 he had the satisfaction of seeing his system adopted extensively throughout Europe, as well as in the United States of America, where it was introduced in 1843. In many cases there can be no doubt of patients having received great and lasting benefit by a sojourn at a hydropathic institution, and the free use of water in its various forms of appliance; but it may well be doubted whether these advantageous results are not as much to be attributed to the ablutions, exercise, and diet to which in such circumstances the patients readily conform themselves as to the wet bandages, douches, and other forms of hydropathic treatment.
Research Hydropathy
Hydrophobia is the fear of drinking liquids.
Research Hydrophobia
Hydrophobophobia is the fear of rabies.
Research Hydrophobophobia
Hydrotherapy is the medical treatment of certain diseases by the external use of water, especially by exercising in water in order to mobilise stiff joints or strengthen weakened muscles.
Research Hydrotherapy
Hydrothorax is an accumulation of fluid in one or both pleural cavities, often resulting from disease of the heart or kidneys.
Research Hydrothorax
Hyelophobia is the fear of glass.
Research Hyelophobia
Hygrophobia is the fear of dampness.
Research Hygrophobia
Hylephobia is the fear of materialism.
Research Hylephobia
Hylophobia is the fear of forests.
Research Hylophobia
The hymen is a fold of the mucous lining of the vagina which often covers the lower opening of the vagina. In such cases, the first episode of sexual intercourse will break this covering fold, with some accompanying bleeding.
Research Hymen
The hyoglossus is a thin, flat strap of muscle located on each side of the tongue. It originates from the side of the wishbone-shaped hyoid bone in the throat and passes vertically to be inserted inside of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (motor) and the lingual nerve (sensory) and supplied by the lingual artery. When the two hyoglossus muscles contract, they depress the tongue and turn the sides down. The genioglossus, the styloglossus, the palatoglossus and the hyoglossus work together to move the tongue.
Research Hyoglossus
The hyoid bone is the U-shaped bone that can be felt on pressing deeply into the throat a little below the chin. It suports the tongue, to whose muscles it gives attachment. It consists of a body and four processes or cornua which project upwards and backwards. In youth the body and cornua are more or less separate, being connected only by cartilages and ligaments, but in old age all the parts become ossified into one bone.
Research Hyoid Bone
Hypegiaphobia is the fear of responsibility.
Research Hypegiaphobia
Hyperlipidaemia is an abnormally high level of lipids, particularly cholesterol, in the blood, predisposing to atherosclerosis and other arterial diseases.
Research Hyperlipidaemia
Hypertension is the physiological condition of high blood pressure.
Research Hypertension
Hypnophobia is the fear of sleep.
Research Hypnophobia
Hypnotics are agents which induce sleep. They act in one of two ways, either by producing temporary anaemia of the brain, or by lowering the excitability of nerve-cells. Natural sleep is accompanied by cerebral anaemia, and this is why a warm bath aids sleep as it dilates the skin-vessels and so diverts a considerable part of the blood-supply from the brain. Warming the feet has a similar effect.
Research Hypnotics
The term hypodermic refers to something that introduces a substance under the skin, such as a hypodermic syringe that is used to inject a substance, or withdraw a substance from, under the skin.
Research Hypodermic
A hypodermic syringe is a usually small, glass or plastic syringe with a hollow cylinder, a tightly fitting piston, and a detatchable hollow needle used for injecting - or withdrawing substances from - under the skin.
Research Hypodermic Syringe
The hypodermis is a fatty subcutaneous tissue below the dermis. This tissue is rich in fat and blood vessels. The fat cells serve as a cache of energy and are consumed when nutrients run short in the blood stream. Subcutaneous tissue also cushions the muscles, bones, and organs against shocks and shields the body from cold.
Research Hypodermis
The hypoglossal nerve is a pair of cranial nerves responsible for the movements of the tongue.
Research Hypoglossal nerve
Hypoglycemia is a condition characterised by an abnormally low level of sugar in the blood. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include weakness, shakiness, nervousness, anxiety, and faintness and actual fainting. Patients may also show marked personality changes and may seem intoxicated. Hypoglycemia is the result of hyperinsulinism, or an excess of insulin , due either to an overdose of insulin - in the case of persons with diabetes mellitus - or to the body's overproduction of insulin. Insulin is instrumental in regulating carbohydrate metabolism; when hyperinsulinism occurs, glucose is sharply depleted in the process of conversion to glycogen in the liver and muscles and to fat in the adipose tissues. The most common type of hypoglycmia is reactive, or functional hypoglycemia and occurs particularly among persons under emotional stress. It is also due to overproduction of insulin, commonly three to five hours after meals. Its symptoms are milder than those suffered by insulin-dependent diabetics, and it can be controlled by lowering carbohydrate
intake. Because reactive hypoglycemia has many of the classical symptoms of depression or anxiety, it is often wrongly believed to be the cause of underlying psychological disorders. Even when this physical condition is properly diagnosed, it is most often found to be incidental to, rather than the direct cause of, the patient's symptoms.
Research Hypoglycemia
The hypothalamus is the region of the human brain below the cerebrum which regulates rhythmic activity and physiological stability within the body, including water balance and temperature.
Research Hypothalamus
Hypothermia is a condition in which the body's temperature falls drastically as a result of exposure to cold. It may occur, for example, in hikers caught in a sudden cold front without sufficient clothing. The elderly can die from hypothermia at temperatures that would not harm younger persons. The condition involves a paradoxical response to sudden cold: the shutting off of blood flow to the body's surface. First aid may involve wrapping the victim in blankets.
Research Hypothermia
Hypsiphobia is the fear of height.
Research Hypsiphobia
A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is one of the most common of all surgical procedures. Sometimes only the uterus and cervix are removed; in other cases, called a complete
hysterectomy, the uterus, cervix, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries are all removed. After hysterectomy, a woman no longer menstruates, and she is unable to bear children but no change in sexual functioning or feelings follow a hysterectomy. If the hysterectomy includes removal of both ovaries, however, the woman may experience symptoms of menopause, because the ovaries are a woman's major source of estrogen.
Research Hysterectomy
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Abbreviations
Medicine
