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Iamatology is the branch of therapeutics dealing with remedies.
 Research Iamatology
Iatrochemistry is a term for a form of chemistry used in medicine. The term was especially applied with regard to the doctrines in the school of 17th century Flanders physicians who believed that health depended upon the proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical principles.
Research Iatrochemistry
Itromathematics was a school of thought among some 17th century Italian physicians who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and mathematics to the human body, and hence were keen students of anatomy. The belief was opposed to the belief of Iatrochemistry which was popular at the same time in Flanders.
Research Iatromathematics
Iatrophobia is the fear of doctors.
Research Iatrophobia
Ibiamox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Ibiamox
Ibuprofen is a drug used for the relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis; mild to moderate pain and the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
Research Ibuprofen
Ichorhaegmia is an infection of the blood with ichorous or putrid substances.
Research Ichorhaegmia
Ichthyophobia is the fear of fish.
Research Ichthyophobia
Ichthyosis is a skin disease, in which the surface of the skin is dry, hard, rough, and greyish in colour, and the upper layers of the epidermis are shed in scaly fragments. The disease is sometimes congenital and hereditary, and its manifestation and extent are often determined by want of cleanliness and by poor diet.
Research Ichthyosis
Iconophobia is the fear of religious works of art.
Research Iconophobia
Ideophobia is the fear of ideas.
Research Ideophobia
Ikamoxil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Ikamoxil
Two common iliac arteries branch from the abdominal portion of the aorta. Each artery is about two inches in length and descends downward and outward toward the edge of the pelvis. The common iliac artery divides into the internal and external iliac arteries and supplies the pelvis and lower extremities.
Research Iliac Arteries
The iliac crest marks the upper ridge of the broad ala, or wings, of the ilium. The iliac crest features an internal and external lip, with an intermediate line between the two.
Research Iliac Crest
The iliac fossa is the broad, slightly concave inner surface of each ala, or win, or the ilium. The fossa, along with the pubis and ischium, create a basin in which the lower abdominal organs rest.
Research Iliac Fossa
The external iliac is a continuation of the femoral vein. It extends upward along the pelvis eventually joining with the internal iliac to form the common iliac vein. The left common iliac and right common iliac veins converge to form the inferior vena cava. The
iliac veins receive blood from the lower extremities and pelvis. The external iliac contains one or two valves, while the internal iliac and common iliac veins do not have any.
Research Iliac Vein
The Iliacus is a muscle in the human thigh.
Research Iliacus
The iliocostals cervicis (cervicalis ascendens) consists of several muscle straps that originated from the angles of the upper six ribs. The muscle straps have a number of tendons, varying in different individuals, which insert in the transverse processes of the middle cervical vertebrae. The muscle is innervated by dorsal branches of the thoracic nerve and supplied by branches from the aorta. The illiocostalis consists of three subdivisions: iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, and iliocostalis cervicis. These muscles are a part of the external portion of the long erector spinae muscle group.
Research Iliocostalis Cervicis
The iliocostals lumborum consists of several muscle straps that link the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum with the lower six or seven ribs. The muscle straps have a number of tendons, varying in different individuals, which insert in all angles in the lower six ribs. The muscle is innervated by dorsal branches of the lumbar and thoracic nerves and supplied by branches from the aorta.
Research Iliocostalis Lumborum
The iliocostals thoracis (iliocostalis dorsi) consists of several muscle straps that link the thoracic vertebrae and sacrum with the lower six or seven ribs. The muscle straps have a number of tendons, varying in different individuals, which insert in all angles in the lower six ribs. The muscle is innervated by dorsal branches of the thoracic nerve and supplied by branches from the aorta. The illiocostalis consists of three subdivisions: iliocostalis lumborum,
iliocostalis thoracis, and iliocostalis cervicis. These muscles are a part of the external portion of the long erector spinae muscle group.
Research Iliocostalis Thoracis
The iliohypogastric nerve branches off of the spinal cord at the first lumbar vertebra. It extends to the skin which covers the pubis and the side of the gluteal region, at the waist.
Research Iliohypogastric Nerve
The ilioinguinal nerves branch off of the spinal cord at the first lumbar vertebra. They extend down the abdominal wall to the groin, external genitals, and the upper thigh.
Research Ilioinguinal Nerves
The iliopsoas is actually the blending of two muscles, the large, flat triangular iliacus and the fusiform psoas major. It is considered a single muscle group that begins deep in the back of the abdomen where the iliacus orignates from the iliac fossa and the psoas major originates from the bodies of the vertebrae and invertebral disks from the twelfth thoracic to the fifth lumbar and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. The muscle converges towards its insertion on the back of the femur. It is innervated by the lumbar plexus and supplied by posterior branches of the profunda femoris artery. This muscle is a powerful flexor of the hip joint. It flexes the thigh when kicking, or the pelvis and trunk when doing sit-ups.
Research Iliopsoas
The iliopubic eminence is a slightly broader projection in each side of the front of the pelvis. Each iliopuic eminence marks the dividing point between the superior pubic ramus and the ilium bone.
Research Iliopubic Eminence of Pelvis
The iliotibial tract, also called the iliotibial band, is a long, wide, band of fascia that lies over the muscles on the outer surface of the thigh. It begins superiorly at the level of the greater trochanter of the femur (upper edge of the thigh bone) and ends inferiorly where it inserts in the condyle of the tibia. This band is a thickening of the normal fascia that surrounds the entire leg. It is thin medially (inner thigh), but is thick laterally (outer thigh). Acting almost like a ligament, this tendon helps mainly to stabilize the knee joint, but also acts in flexing (bending) and extending (straightening) the knee.
Research Iliotibial Tract
The ilium is one of the three pelvic bones fused together to form the pelvic girdle. It is the broad, flared portion which constitutes the upper and lateral sections of the pelvis. The ilium is distinct for its ala, or wings, which flare out on either side of the spinal column, resembling an airplane propeller when seen in the side view.
Research Ilium
Illyngophobia is the fear of veritgo.
Research Illyngophobia
Imacillin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Imacillin
Imaxilin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Imaxilin
Immunoglobulins are a type of protein found in the serum and cells of the immune systems of vertebrate animals where they function as antibodies.
Research Immunoglobulin
Immunotherapy is the treatment of disease by stimulating the body's production of antibodies.
Research Immunotherapy
Imox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Imox
Imoxil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Imoxil
Impetigo (contagiosa) is an infective inflammation of the skin with vesicles which suppurate, and when they break emit a serous exudate which forms characteristic yellow-coloured crusts.
Research Impetigo
The incisive fossa is the surface of the inner part of the maxilla, just behind the teeth. It features the incisive foramen, an opening which lies directly behind the central incisors mounted in the maxilla, at the median palatine suture. The incisive foramen leads to a channel which proceeds upward through the maxillary bone, to terminate in the nasal crest of the maxilla, at the floor of the nasal cavity.
Research Incisive Fossa
The incisors are teeth located at the front of the mandible. Their sharp edges are designed for cutting bits of food to be sent back to the other teeth for processing. The incisor features a single root stem like the canines and the premolars.
Research Incisors
Infectious describes a disease which is capable of being transmitted
Research Infectious
The inferior nasal conchae (or turbinates) are the lower pair of curved ledges on the walls of the nasal cavity. Though the upper two pairs are protrusions of the ethmoid bone, this lower pair is attached directly to the maxilla.
Research Inferior Nasal Concha
The inferior oblique is a thin narrow muscle that originates from the orbital surface of the maxilla and extends along the inner side of the eyeball. It helps move the eye sideways and rotates it slightly. The inferior oblique muscle works in conjunction with the other eye muscles to move the eye. These muscles are anchored to the sclera near the cornea. The
inferior oblique muscle is innervated by the third cranial (oculomotor) nerve.
Research Inferior Oblique
The inferior obliques capitis (oblique capitis inferior) muscle arises from the spinous process of the axis and inserts in the transverse process of the atlas. It is innervated by the suboccipital nerve. This muscle is used to turn the head to the side.
Research Inferior Obliques Capitis
The inferior pharyngeal constrictor (constrictor pharyngis inferior) muscle originates from the thyroid and cricoid cartilage and inserts into the pharynx. The three constrictor muscles (the inferior pharyngeal, the superior pharyngeal, and the middle constrictor) help move food and drink down through the esophagus when swallowing. The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is the thickest and most superficial of the three. The superior constrictor muscle is thin and lies near the upper part of the pharynx. The constrictor muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus.
Research Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
The inferior thyroid veins are a network of small branches of veins surrounding the thyroid gland. These veins drain blood from the thyroid and surrounding structures in front of the neck and return the blood to the internal jugular vein, also called the superior thyroid vein, which returns the blood back to the heart. Two to four small veins that drain the thyroid gland also unite to empty into the inominate vein.
Research Inferior Thyroid Veins
Inferiority Complex is a term used in psycho-analysis for a complex pattern of richly emotional ideas connected with what the patient rightly or wrongly believes to be his inferiority. The feeling of inferiority is often compensated for by the patient adopting an opposite character.
Research Inferiority Complex
Infertility is the inability of a couple to produce children. The causes of infertility are numerous, and many strange suggestions have over the years been made as to how best to deal with the matter. In 1664 Samuel Pepys records in his diary the ten points of advice given to him by women in response to his questioning on how he and his wife could achieve children:
1) Do not hug the wife too hard or too much. 2) Do not eat a late supper. 3) Drink sage juice. 4) Be attentive to and praise his wife. 5) Wear cool holland-drawers (loose fitting underpants) 6) Keep the stomach warm and the back cool. 7) Make love when you feel like it. 8) The wife not to 'go too straight-laced', though whether this applied to not wearing tight corsets, or being more liberal and less prudish in love making and relationships with other men is unclear (adultery was very much a way of life in 17th century London). 9) The man to drink mum (a kind of beer) mixed with sugar. 10) To sleep with the feet raised and head lowered.
Since Samuel Pepys received such frank advice science has discovered that hot, tight clothing constricting the testicles does reduce the potency of the semen.
Research Infertility
The process by which tissues respond to injury or infection is known as inflammation. The term arose of course as a graphic description of the 'fieriness' of the tissues in this condition. Everyone is familiar with classical symptoms and signs of inflammation. It is important to realise that the tissues respond both to injury and infection in a similar manner, although the response to infection is usually more dramatic and accompanied by a greater general effect on the patient. Infection and inflammation are not synonymous. The underlying change in inflamed tissue is the great increase in the amount of blood flowing into the area involved. The chemicals released by the damaged tissues produce dilatation of the arteries, veins and capillaries to such an extent that serum exudes from the capillaries into the tissues, producing oedema. This distension of the tissues with fluid - the inflammatory exudate - is the main factor producing pain in inflammation. Pain and swelling together result in loss of function. This local inflammatory reaction is the beginning of the healing process and is at the same time a means of defence
against infection. White blood cells appear at the site of inflammation in great numbers and are responsible for the local control of bacteria which may have gained entrance. The invading organisms or the poisons which they have produced are carried away from the site of inflammation, partly by the veins and partly by the lymphatic system. As infection travels up the lymphatic vessels, these too become involved in the inflammatory process (lymphangitis). The lymph glands to which these lymphatics drain will become similarly inflamed, large and tender (lymphadenitis). Where there has been injury without infection, in addition to the inflammation, poisonous substances are released from the damaged tissues and these circulate in the blood stream, producing a state of shock.
Research Inflammation
Influenza is a common illness caused by one of numerous different viral infections, including 'Bird Flu', and is primarily an infection of the respiratory tracts. Influenza in itself is rarely very dangerous, but it can weaken the immune system enhancing the dangers if a secondary bacterial infection, such as pneumonia is contracted. It was through secondary pneumonia infections that most of the deaths of the great flu epidemic of 1918-1919 occurred. Work in Australian hospitals during the 1980s proved that infection with an influenza virus will trigger an HIV test to return positive, having a patient then marked as 'HIV positive'.
Research Influenza
The infraspinatus muscle is attached along the broad inner edge of the scapula. It originates from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and narrows into a strong tendon that inserts firmly to the top of the humerus. This muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve from the fifth to sixth cervical nerves and supplied by the circumflex artery. The infraspinatus muscle sits on the back of the shoulder blade below the spine and under the deltoid muscle. It works with the supraspinatus muscle to help lift and twist the upper arm. These two muscles also help support and protect the shoulder joint by keeping the head of the humerus in place.
Research Infraspinatus
The infundibulum, also called the pituitary stalk or neural stalk, is the stem-like structure of grey matter which attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus on the under surface of the brain.
Research Infundibulum
The network of lymph vessels in the lower body passes lymph into the bean-sized inguinal nodes deep in the groin. The inguinal lymph nodes can be grouped as superficial and deep. The deep
inguinal lymph nodes are situated near the femoral artery and vein. They receive lymph from the lower limbs, external genitalia, and lower anterior abdominal wall. The superficial
inguinal lymph nodes can be found along the greater saphenous vein. The receive lymph from the external genitalia, and the superficial parts of the lower limbs.
Research Inguinal Lymph Nodes
The innominate artery is one of the large arteries rising from the arch of the aorta. It is the largest branch arising from the transverse portion of the arch, and divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian, just behind the articulation of the right clavicle with the sternum at its upper edge.
Research Innominate Artery
The innominate veins (brachiocephalic veins) are two short, large trunks extending on each side of the neck. The veins are formed by the conjunction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein. The right innominate vein is about an inch in length extending downward to merge with the left innominate vein just below the first rib to form the superior vena cave. The left innominate vein is slightly larger, about two and a half inches in length, and runs horizontally across the upper front part of the chest.
Research Innominate Veins
Insectophobia is the fear of insects.
Research Insectophobia
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas and released into the bloodstream. It promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood by the body cells. A lack of insulin results in glucose being neither consumed as fuel nor adequately stored, but instead the glucose accumulates in the blood until it spills over into the urine. An excess of insulin dangerously decreases the amount of glucose in the blood.
Research Insulin
Intercostal is a Latin term meaning 'between the ribs' and refers to muscles etc which are present between any two ribs.
Research Intercostal
The intercostal nerves branch off of the spinal cord from the second to the twelfth thoracic vertebrae. They extend around the abdomen and innervate the intercostal muscles and the skin and muscles of the front, side, and back of the abdomen.
Research Intercostal Nerves
Interferons are proteins formed in the body it is thought in response to viruses and other agents, including some bacterial toxins, however, they're precise function is as yet still unproved, though they are thought to inhibit the development of a virus within a cell.
Research Interferon
Intermox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Intermox
The inertnal intercostals (intercostalis interni) originate from the lower border of the ribs and extend downward and backward to insert into the rib below. The intercostal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves and supplied by the intercostal arteries. They are your breathing muscles. As they contract, they pull the ribs up to expand the chest with every breath.
Research Internal Intercostals
The internal oblique (obliquus internus abdominis) is a small, thin, deep muscle of the abdomen. It runs diagonally opposite underneath the external oblique. It has a quadrilateral form originating from the hip bone (crest of the ilium), and extending to the cartilage of the lower ribs (the tenth, elenenth, and twelfth ribs). It is innervated by the lower thoracic nerves and supplied the intercostal and lumbar arteries. This muscle protects a weak point in the abdominal wall and works with the external oblique to help twist the torso.
Research Internal Oblique
In physiology, an interoceptor is a sensory receptor which receives stimuli from within the body. The term is usually used to describe a sensory receptor which receives stimuli from the gut.
Research Interoceptor
Interossei are muscles in the human hand and foot.
Research Interossei
The interosseous membrane of the hand can be divided into two sections: the palmar interossei and the dorsal interossei. The palmar interossei consists of three small muscles that help bend the fingers. The first muscle originates from the second metacarpal bone and inserts into the ulnar side of the index finger. The second muscle originates from the fourth metacarpal bone and inserts into the radial side of the little finger. The third muscle originates from the fifth metacarpal bone and also inserts into the radial side of the little finger. The muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve and supplied by the palmar metacarpal artery, which is a part of the palmar arch. The dorsal interossei of the hand is composed of four small muscles that help bend the fingers. They lie in the intervals between the metacarpal bones and are bipenniform muscles. Each muscle originates from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones and are inserted in the base of the first phlanges. The first dorsal interossei is the largest of the four interossei. It
is located on the back of the hand in the V-shaped interval between the metacarpal bones of the thumb, where it originates, and the first phlanges of the index finger, where it is inserted on the radial side. The second and third dorsal interossei are inserted into the middle finger with the second on its radial side and the third on its ulnar side. The fourth dorsal interossei is inserted into the ulnar side of the ring finger. The muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve and supplied by the palmar metacarpal artery, which is a part of the palmar arch. These four muscles flex and extend the fingers.
Research Interosseous Membrane
Interproximal spaces are spaces between teeth in the dental arcade. In many adults, the permanent teeth develop in contact with their neighboring teeth, such that the
interproximal spaces disappear. This condition is particularly common in cases where the mandible or maxilla are relatively small, and newly developing third molars (wisdom teeth) cause teeth in the arcade to grow closer together to admit them.
Research Interproximal Spaces
The interspinalis are small narrow bundles of muscle placed in pairs between the vertebrae of the spine. They are paired muscles that lie between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. There are six pairs in the cervical region that are innervated by branches of cervical nerves and supplied by branches of the aorta. In the thoracic region, they are found between the first and second vertebrae and the eleventh and twelfth. The thoracic region is innervated by dorsal branches of the thoracic nerve and supplied by branches of the aorta. There are four pairs in the lumbar region in the intervals between the five lumbar vertebrae. These muscle pairs are innervated by dorsal branches of the lumbar nerves and supplied by branches of the aorta.
Research Interspinalis
Cartilage disks are located between the vertebrae, and serve to cushion the spinal column from shock. Each disk features an inner, pulpy center, called the nucleus pulposus, and a fibrous outer ring, called the annulus fibrosus, which is visible in a lateral view of the spine. These
intervertebral disks are easily torn or dislocated when the vertebra column is subjected to inordinate stresses, such as those encountered in lifting a heavy load improperly, or twisting the back sharply, as occurs in many sporting injuries. Such a ' slipped' disk is only one of many causes of back pain. Others include arthritis, spinal meningitis, and inflammation of a tendon or muscle. Such back problems can cause extreme pain, which may be increased by changes in the weather or poor diet, making lifting, walking, and sitting an excruciating ordeal. Since so many muscles place stress on the spine when they operate, simple activities such as going to the bathroom, coughing, laughing, and even breathing may be intolerable with such a condition. More recently, however, medical advances have enabled a number of these ailments to be alleviated and chiropracty, arthroscopic surgery, and other forms of physical therapy make much suffering unnecessary.
Research Intervertebral Disks
The intestines are the convoluted membranous tube which extends from the stomach to the anus and which receives the ingested food from the stomach, mixes it with bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal secretions, gives origin to the chyle and delivers the indigestible products from the system. The intestines are divided into the small and large intestine (colon). The small intestine is further divided into three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The large intestine is divided into the ascending colon, the tansverse colon, the descending colon and the rectum that terminates at the anus.
Research Intestines
The intralobular artery and vein are the intermediate blood vessels which carry blood to and from the nephron. The artery introduces blood to the Bowman's capsule via the afferent arteriole. The efferent arteriole carries the filtered blood from the capsule, through the medullary plexus, and back to the intralobular vein.
Research Intralobular Artery and Vein
The intratransversal muscles are small muscles placed between the transverse process of the vertebrae, joining the vertebrae. There are anterior and posterior muscles in the cervical region, which are innervated by ventral branches of the cervical nerves. There are lateral and medial luscles in the lumbar region, which are innervated by branches of the lumbar nervers. And there are single muscles in the thoracic region, which are innervated by branches of the thoracis nerves. These muscles are innervated by muscular branches of the aorta. In parts of the spine, the transverse process of adjacent vertebrae are less than a finger-width apart.
Research Intratransversal Muscles
Iophobia is the fear of poison.
Research Iophobia
The iris is a ring of coloured membrane lying just behind the cornea and surrounding the pupil of the eye. It is actually composed of minute sphincter and dilator muscles, which govern the size of the pupil. Eye colour is determined by pigment deposits (yellow-to reddish brown). Blue eyes result when the absence of such pigment allows the purplish-black rear surface of the
iris to show. Occasionally a white pigment is present, which causes the iris to appear gray. Newborn babies generally have blue eyes, since they do not have much pigment at birth.
Research Iris
In anatomy, irregular bones are bones which do not fit into any of the other bone types. They are comprised of a spongy substance enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone.
Research Irregular bones
Ischaemia is the condition of insufficient blood supply to a part of the body, for example to the heart muscle, causing angina.
Research Ischaemia
The ischial tuberosity is a broadening, or eminence, in the frontal portion of the ischium. It marks the point of fusion of the ischium and the pubis.
Research Ischial Tuberosity
The ischiocavernosus originates from the ramus of the ischium and inserts in the corpus cavernosum of the penis. This muscle compresses the crus of the penis, causing penile erection. In females, the muscle originates from the ramus of the ischium and inserts in the clitoris. It is innervated by the perineal nerve.
Research Ischiocavernosus
The ischium is one of the three sections of bone which are fused in the adult to form the pelvis. The ischium bears the weight when sitting, and is attached to the pubis in front and to the ala, or wings, of the ilium laterally and to the back. The large openings in the ischium on either side of the pelvis, just below the pubis, are called the obturator foramina.
Research Ischium
Isimoxin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Isimoxin
Isobutyl Nitrate is a drug very similar to amyl nitrate.
Research Isobutyl Nitrate
Isoflav base is another name for proflavine.
Research Isoflav Base
Isolophobia is the fear of solitude, being alone.
Research Isolophobia
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide is an agent found by Domagk to inhibit the growth of tubercle bacilli. It has been used since 1952 in the treatment of tuberculosis. It is closely related to the vitamin nicotinamide, and is also used in the treatment of depression.
Research Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Isopterophobia is the fear of termites.
Research Isopterophobia
Isosorbide Dinitrate is an anti-anginal drug used to reduce the frequency and severity of angina attacks.
Research Isosorbide Dinitrate
Isoxsuprine is a vasodilator drug used to improve poor blood circulation.
Research Isoxsuprine
Italophobia is the fear of Italian people and things.
Research Italophobia
An itch (pruritus) is a sensation in the skin that elicits the desire to scratch. Itching is caused by an irritation of the nerve endings for pain and touch, sometimes accompanied by inflammation or skin eruptions. The difference between itching and pain is one of degree; a lowered threshold for stimulation in skin areas around the site of irritation usually leads to itching and scratching. The cause of the irritation may be mechanical, such as a chafing collar; biochemical, such as an allergic reaction or an insect bite or due to invasions of the skin, such as the fungus infection ringworm or the mite infestation scabies. A persistent itch may be a symptom of some systemic disease, such as a liver disorder.
Research Itch
Ithyphallophobia is the fear of erection.
Research Ithyphallophobia
Izoltil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Izoltil
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Abbreviations
Medicine
