|
L-Thyroxine is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
 Research L-Thyroxine
The labia majora are two folds of the skin that extend from the mons pubis, a soft mound of flesh covered with pubic hair, to the perineum, the area between the vagina and the anus. They normally conceal the other genital structures.
Research Labia Majora
The labrum is the ventral lobe in the front of an insect's head which covers the mouth parts.
Research Labrum
labyrinthitis (otitis interna) is an inflammation of the inner ear, causing loss of balance, vertigo, and vomiting.
Research Labyrinthitis
Lachanophobia is the fear of vegetables.
Research Lachanophobia
The lachrymal bones (lacrimal bones) are two of the smaller bones in the face, and form part of the medial walls of the orbit cavities and part of the side walls of the nasal cavity. The lachrymal bones, in conjunction with part of the maxilla, feature small channels, called lachrymal fossa, which allow the tear ducts to drain into the nasal cavity.
Research Lachrymal Bone
The lachrymal duct is one of two channels that secretes the sterile tear fluid that constantly bathes the front of the eye and its thin protective covering membrane, the conjunctiva. Although tear flow is continual, only about 1/2 to 2/3 of a gram of fluid is produced per day. The lachrymal duct is located in the inner corner of the lower eyelid.
Research Lachrymal Duct
The lachrymal gland is a gland beneath the upper eye lid which secretes tears which drain from the inner corner of the eye through the Lachrymal duct to the nose.
Research Lachrymal gland
Lachrymation is the anatomical term for the shedding of tears.
Research Lachrymation
The lacrimal duct (tear duct) is a short tube in the inner corner of the eyelid through which tears drain into the nose.
Research Lacrimal Duct
The lacrimal gland is the compound gland that secretes tears and lubricates the surface of the eye and the conjunctiva of the eyelid.
Research Lacrimal Gland
Lactase is an enzyme found in the small intestine, needed to digest lactose.
Research Lactase
Lactase deficiency is a lack of the lactase enzyme. It causes lactose intolerance.
Research Lactase Deficiency
Lacteals are small lymphatic vessels which arise from the mucous membrane lining of the small bowel.
Research Lacteals
The lactiferous tubules are the small ducts through which the milk flows to the openings of the nipple in the mammary glands. The lactiferous ducts are composed of areolar tissue and elastic fibres. The number of ducts in each mammary gland varies from fifteen to twenty. These ducts increase in capacity during pregnancy and in breast-feeding the pressure of the baby's gums on the areola stimulates the milk flow.
Research Lactiferous Tubules
Laliophobia is the fear of speaking.
Research Laliophobia
Lalophobia (glossophobia, phonophobia) is the fear of speech.
Research Lalophobia
The lambdoid suture joins the two parietal bones to the occipital bone in the back of the skull. The intersection of the sagittal suture, joining the two parietal bones together, and the
lambdoid suture forms a tripartite shape, resembling the Greek letter 'lambda,' and giving the suture its shape. The lower ends of the lambdoid suture extend to the mastoid processes of the temporal bones, joining them to the occipital bone.
Research Lambdoid Suture
The lamina propria is the periosteal membrane which lines the alveolus. It lies below the gingeval epithelium at the surface and adjoins the neck and roots of the tooth. The lamina propria is also known as the mandibular or maxillary periosteum, depending upon in which bone the alveolus is located. It carries the nutrient vessels and nerves for the alveolus and the tooth itself.
Research Lamina Propria
A laminectomy (or rachiotomy) is a surgical incision into the backbone to gain access to the spinal cord.
Research Laminectomy
Lamoxy is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Lamoxy
Lampas is a horse disease with a swelling in the roof of the mouth.
Research Lampas
A laparoscope is a thin tube with a tiny video camera attached. Used to look inside the body and see the surface of organs. See also endoscope.
Research Laparoscope
A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an operation to remove the gall bladder using keyhole surgery.
Research Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
A laparoscopy is a test that uses a laparoscope to look at and take tissue from the inside of the body.
Research Laparoscopy
A laparotomy is a surgical incision through the abdominal walls into the abdominal cavity, such as a Caesarean operation. The use of laparotomy, as an exploratory surgery technique, has decreased sharply with advances in medical imaging and the direct-viewing technique known as endoscopy.
Research Laparotomy
The large intestine is a broad, corrugated tube which accepts the by-products of digestion from the small intestine and passes it along to be excreted, continuing to process the material on the way. Any unabsorbed food materials are stored in the large intestine until the body can partially reabsorb water from it, then passing the remains along to the anus for elimination. The overabsorption of water from the waste material may lead to hard, relatively dry faeces which can become impacted, making elimination difficult. This condition is known as constipation. If not enough liquid is reabsorbed, as often caused by some viral infections or malnutrition, the large intestine passes too much fluid to the anus, making control of elimination difficult. This condition, and the fluid (which is often painful to the anal tissues) is known as diarrhea. The
large intestine is divided into eight sections: the cecum, the appendix, the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anus.
Research Large Intestine
Larocilin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Larocilin
Larotid is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Larotid
Laryngology is the branch of medicine concerned with the larynx and its diseases.
Research Laryngology
The laryngoscope is an instrument consisting of a concave mirror, by which light is thrown upon a small plane mirror placed in the posterior part of the cavity of the mouth. It is used in the examination of the vocal cords and the interior of the larynx. The laryngoscope was invented by Manuel Garcia (a singing teacher) in 1855, and introduced into use in medicine by Czermak Pesth shortly afterwards.
Research Laryngoscope
The larynx is the voice-box at the entrance to the trachea in the front of the neck. The larynx is enclosed by cartilages. Below it is supported by a firm ring, the cricoid cartilage, which is the entrance to the trachea proper. The much larger thyroid cartilage is perched on top of the cricoid. It is shaped like a snow-plough, with its two halves widely separated behind and meeting in front to form the Adam's apple. From inside the Adam's apple two fibrous ridges run back; these are the vocal cords. Each cord is attached behind to a small, mobile triangle of cartilage called the arytenoid cartilage. The arytenoids slide on the cricoid, between the two halves of the thyroid cartilage. The cartilages of the larynx are controlled by a complex set of muscles.
Research Larynx
Lassa fever is an incurable fever caused by a virus carried by a species of rat found in west Africa. It is characterised by high fever and muscular pains
Research Lassa Fever
The lateral condyle of the tibia is the bony prominence on the lateral, or outer, side of the head of the tibia. It articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur and is cushioned from it by the lateral meniscus. The lateral condyle of the tibia is connected to the fibula at the superior tibiofibular joint.
Research Lateral Condyle of the Tibia
The lateral glossoepiglottic fold is situated at the root of the tongue. It is a groove formed by the mucouse membrane covering the epiglottis cartilage and the thyroid cartilage in the larynx.
Research Lateral Glossoepiglottic Fold
The lateral meniscus is the slight concavity on the outer side of the knee joint, upon which rests the lateral condyle.
Research Lateral Meniscus
There are two plantar arteries, the medial and lateral. The medial plantar artery is smaller than the lateral artery and runs along the inside of the sole of the foot supplying the abductor hallucis muscle and the flexor brevis digitorum muscle. It also supplies the big toe. The larger
lateral plantar artery runs along the bases of the metatarsal bones completing the plantar arch. It supplies the foot and the tendons of the toes.
Research Lateral Plantar Artery
The thoracic artery arises from the axillary artery (artery of the armpit) in several branches. All branches of the thoracic artery supply the chest.
Research Lateral Thoracic Artery
Lateral ventricles project branches, or horns (cornua), into the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes of the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid, used to support the brain and buffer it from physical shock, is created in and transmitted to the brain's lobes by means of these
lateral ventricles. In addition to the two lateral ventricles, a third ventricle helps form cerebrospinal fluid and carries it to the structures of the midbrain, and a fourth ventricle supplies the cerebellum and the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord.
Research Lateral Ventricles
Lathyrism is a neurological disease often resulting in weakness and paralysis of the legs. It is caused by eating the pea-like seeds of the leguminous plant Lathyrus sativus.
Research Lathyrism
The latissimus dorsi is a wide, flat triangular muscle located on the lower half of the back. It is the broadest of the back muscles. It originates along the lumbar and lower half of the thoracic vertebrae and the iliac crest and sacrum far below. The muscle fibres at its tip insert under the scapula and join to the humerus in the shoulder. The latissimus dorsi is innervated by the thorocodorsal nerve and supplied by the thorocodorsal artery. This muscle gives the arms motion. It is used when swimming or when swinging the arms back when jogging. It is also used to reach up to grab something above the head.
Research Latissimus Dorsi
Laudanum is an alcoholic tincture of opium, formerly used medicinally as a narcotic.
Research Laudanum
A laxative is a substance which loosens the bowels assisting or encouraging the excretion of faeces.
Research Laxative
Legionnaires' disease is a form of pneumonia first discovered in 1976 among members of the American Legion attending a convention in Philadelphia. The cause of the disease is the bacteria Legionella pneumophila which is found in water-tanks, air-conditioning units and other sources of static or sheltered water. The bacteria is spread through water droplets in the air, frequently affecting large numbers of people in modern, air-conditioned buildings. Diagnosis is difficult as the bacteria is hard to isolate, and often patients die before Legionnaires' disease is diagnosed.
Research Legionnaires' Disease
Leishmania is a microsopic parasite transmitted by sandfies, which causes either a localised infection or Dumdum fever.
Research Leishmania
The lens lies just behind the pupil in the eye and is protected in front by the aqueous fluid which exists between it and the cornea. The lens is held in place by a ligament attached to the ciliary muscle located at the front part of the eye. The lens refracts light to focus a sharp image on the retina. In a healthy person, the muscles of the elastic lens can change its shape to bring objects at different distances into focus. When looking at a distant object, the ciliary muscle relaxes and the lens has only a slightly curved shape. To focus on a near object, the ciliary muscle must contract, causing the lens to become more bulging and curved. However, if the eyeball is shaped so that the retina is too near or far from the lens, objects will appear out of focus.
Research Lens
Leprophobia is the fear of leprosy.
Research Leprophobia
Leprsosy is an infective disease which runs a very chronic course, and occurs in different forms. In nodular leprosy there are bouts of fever, with nodules in the skin and mucous membranes. In anaesthetic leprosy there are at first areas of redness over the body, with a macular rash, malaise, chills and vague pains, and later areas of anaesthesia develop, with insensibility to touch, heat and cold, and pain. In later cases of both types ulceration is common, and in anaesthetic leprosy there may be loss of fingers and toes or other parts from gangrene. In nodular
leprosy the mucous membrane of the nose and mouth is involved, with loss of speech, and ulceration and scarring of the lips and tongue. The skin becomes dry like parchment, and the general expression is grave and heavy. The disease is very chronic and the two types often become merged, with symptoms of both types. There may be remissions or arrest of symptoms, but more commonly death occurs from tuberculosis, exhaustion, or renal failure after twenty years or more.
Research Leprosy
Leptin is a hormone secreted by fat cells, and switches off feelings of hunger. A deficiency of
leptin in the blood stream has been found to be a genetic characteristic of very obese people.
Research Leptin
Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) is several infectious diseases caused by spirochaete bacteria of the genus Leptospira. They are transmitted to man by animals and the disease is characterised by jaundice, meningitis, and kidney failure.
Research Leptospirosis
Lethargy is an abnormal lack of energy.
Research Lethargy
Leucocytes (white blood cells) are outnumbered by the red blood cells 600 to 1. These cells are spherical in shape and slightly larger than red blood cells. There are five types of leukocytes. Three of the five have a granular appearance. These are the neutrophils, eosinophils, and the basophiles. The other two, the lymphocytes and monocytes, have smooth, non-granular bodies. The main function of the leukocytes is to provide a defence against 'foreign' material (infectious agents, foreign bodies, abnormal proteins). In the presence of a foreign material, basophiles and some lymphocytes release chemicals that cause inflammation, trapping the invader. The other leukocytes then take the foreign material into their own bodies and digest them. This process of digestion is called phagocytosis. The cells that digest microbes are called phagocytes. The most numerous of the phagocytes are the neutrophils.
In addition to neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes, the body has other phagocytes that are not white blood cells. They are classed as reticuloendothelial cells, a type of connective tissue cells. Lymphocytes are the smallest white blood cells and are a part of the immune mechanism. They form antibodies against disease. When microbes invade the body, lymphocytes begin to multiply and they become transformed plasma cells. Each microbe stimulates only one type of lymphocyte to multiply and form one type of plasma cell. The type of plasma cell formed is the type that can make a specific antibody to destroy the particular microbe that has invaded the body. Red bone marrow continually produces white blood cells, except lymphocytes and monocytes, and keeps a reserve ready in case of need. Lymphocytes and monocytes are produced by lymphatic tissue located in the lymph nodes and spleen. When a parasite or virus invades and begins to colonize, the reserves of white blood cells are released and the manufacturing of large quantities of the appropriate white cells begins. It is this increased production that causes fever.
Because white blood cells are supposedly specific for various illnesses, their count can supposedly assist doctors diagnose patients. However, as has been shown by researchers at Perth, Australia (The Perth Group), white blood cell counts can also be misleading as many conditions cause very similar counts, leading some researchers to question the emphasis currently placed on white blood cell counts in diagnosis.
Research Leucocytes
Leucocytosis is the name given to a condition of the blood in which the leucocytes or white corpuscles in the blood plasma are increased in number. These leucocytes are minute protoplasmic cells, which have the power of movement and can pass out of the smallest capillary blood vessels into the surrounding tissues. They act as scavengers, and play an important part in the destruction and removal of bacteria in the body, a process known as phagocytosis.
The leucocytes are of different types, and normal blood contains a fairly constant proportion of each type. In infection or inflammation the leucocytes become greatly increased in number; the leucocytes which are killed in the attack on the bacteria form pus. In certain blood diseases, of which leukaemia is the best example, the increase is also often enormous, even reaching to 80,000 and 100,000 white corpuscles in a cubic millimetre of blood which normally contains only from 5,000 to 6,000. The symptoms of this disease are very similar to those of anaemia, and the diagnosis is confirmed by microscopic examination of the blood. The leukaemias are accompanied by swelling of the glands but this also occurs in other diseases.
A small increase of the white corpuscles is found in such a great number of the more common diseases that an examination of the blood is often made as a routine measure. In many cases, for instance, of appendicitis, the white corpuscles increase to from 15,000 to 20,000 per cubic millimetre; in pneumonia they also increase sometimes to 40,000 per cubic millimetre. In other more common diseases such as tonsilitis or sore throat, erysipelas, in smallpox, and inflammatory diseases such as septicaemia, boils, bone diseases and pyaemia, a greater or less increase is always found. In other diseases absence of an increase often enables the right diagnosis to be made, since in typhoid fever (which might in the early stages be mistaken for appendicitis) there would be no increase in the early stage of the disease, but it would probably be marked in the latter stages. In whooping-cough a marked leucocytosis occurs, which may confirm a doubtful diagnosis.
Research Leucocytosis
Leucophobia is the fear of the colour white.
Research Leucophobia
Leucopoenia is an abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood. It is characteristic of certain diseases.
Research Leucopoenia
Leukaemia is an acute or chronic disease characterised by a gross proliferation of leucocytes, which crowd into the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, etc., and suppress the blood-forming apparatus.
Research Leukaemia
The levator anguli oris (triangularis labii superioris) muscle originates immediately below the maxillary foramen and extends inward and downward and is inserted in the skin at the angle of the mouth near the orbicularis oris muscle. It is innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) and is supplied by the facial artery. This muscle raises the angle of the mouth and is one of the muscles used when smiling.
Research Levator Anguli Oris
The levator ani-coccygeus originates from the back of the pubis and inserts in the sides of the lower part of the sacrum and coccyx. This muscle draws the anus upward in defecation. It is innervated by the fourth sacral nerve.
Research Levator Ani-coccygeus
The levator ani-iliococcygeus is the posterior part of the levator ani muscle. It originates from the back of the pubis and inserts in the sides of the lower part of the sacrum and coccyx. This muscle supports pelvic organs. It is innervated by the fourth sacral nerve.
Research Levator Ani-iliococcygeus
The levator ani-puborectalis originates from the back of the pubis, passes around the anus and inserts in the sides of the lower part of the sacrum and coccyx. This muscle relaxes during defecation. It is innervated by the fourth sacral nerve.
Research Levator Ani-puborectalis
The levator ani-pubovaginalis originates from the back of the pubis, passes around the anus and inserts in the sides of the vagina. It is innervated by the fourth sacral nerve.
Research Levator Ani-pubovaginalis
The levator costarum are a group of twelve muscles on each side of the spine. They originate from the transverse processes of the seventh cervical vertebrae and upper eleven thoracic vertebrae. These muscles pass downward and outward to insert in the rib below them. These muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves and are supplied by muscular branches of the aorta. The levator costarum raise the ribs to expand the thoracic cavity when breathing and help to bend and rotate the spinal column.
Research Levator Costarum
The levator labii superioris is a thin muscle with a quadrilateral form. It originates near the lower edge of the occular orbit (orbit of the eye) immediately above the maxillary foramen and is inserted in the muscular tissue of the orbicularis oris muscle of the upper lip. The levator labii superioris is innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) and supplied by the facial artery. This muscle elevated the upper lip.
Research Levator Labii Superioris
The levator labii superious alaeque nasi is a thin triangular muscle located on the side of the nose. It originates from the root of the nasal process of the maxilla bone and extends towards the inner edge of the occular orbit (orbit of the eye). It is innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) and supplied by the facial artery. This muscle draws the upper lip and nose upward and is most often used when expressing disdain or contempt.
Research Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
The levator palati (levator veli palatini) is a long, thick, rounded muscle that raises the soft palate and opens the eustachian tube during swallowing. The lower end of the eustachian tube opens during swallowing to allow air to flow into the middle ear and equalize the air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane. The levator palati originates from the temporal bone and inserts in the palatine aponeurosis. The levator palati is innervated the pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve and by fibres from cranial accessory nerve.
Research Levator Palati
The levator palpebrae muscle (orbitopalpebralis) is a thin flat muscle with a triangular shape that is situated in the eyelid. It originates from the orbital portion of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and inserts in several places along the skin of the eyelid and the orbital walls. It is innervated by the oculomotor nerve. This muscle raises the eyelid, the direct opposite of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. These muscles are used together to blink and to close the eye during sleep.
Research Levator Palpebrae Muscle
The levator palpebrae superioris is a thin flat muscle with a triangular shape that is situated in the eyelid. This muscle raises the eyelid, the direct opposite of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. These two muscles are used to blink and during sleep. The
levator palpebrae superioris originates from the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and inserts into the walls of the orbit. It is innervated by the third cranial nerve (oculomotor) and is supplied by branches of the ophthalmic artery.
Research Levator Palpebrae Superioris
The levator scapula muscle (levator anguli scapulae) lies along the back and side part of the neck. It originates deep in the side of the neck from the four upper cervical vertebrae near the base of the skull, passes down and back and inserts in the scapula. It is innervated by the dorsal nerve of the scapula and is supplied by the cervical artery. As the name implies, this muscle is the ' shoulder blade lifter'. This muscle tenses up, becoming hard and stiff, when weight is carried upon the shoulder.
Research Levator Scapulae Muscle
Levaxin is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
Research Levaxin
Levo-T is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
Research Levo-T
Levodopa (L-dopa) is a substance occurring naturally in the body and used to treat Parkinson's Disease.
Research Levodopa
Levophobia is the fear of things to the left side of the body.
Research Levophobia
Levothroid is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
Research Levothroid
Levothyrox is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
Research Levothyrox
Levothyroxine sodium is a synthetic crystalline levothyroxine sodium (L-thyroxine). L-thyroxine is the principal hormone secreted by the normal thyroid gland. Chemically, L-thyroxine is designated as L-tyrosine, O- (4-hydroxy-3, 5-diiodophenyl) - 3,5-diiodo -, monosodium salt, hydrate. It is used in replacement or supplemental therapy in patients of any age or state (including pregnancy) with hypothyroidism of any aetiology except transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of sub- acute thyroiditis: primary hypothyroidism resulting from thyroid dysfunction, primary atrophy, or partial or total absence of the thyroid gland, or from the effects of surgery, radiation or drugs, with or without the presence of goitre, including sub-clinical hypothyroidism; secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism; and tertiary (hypothalamic) hypothyroidism.
Research Levothyroxine Sodium
Levotirox is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
Research Levotirox
Levotrix is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
Research Levotrix
Levoxyl is a brand name for Levothyroxine sodium.
Research Levoxyl
Librax is a tarde name for Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride.
Research Librax
Libritabs is a tarde name for Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride
Research Libritabs
Librium is a tarde name for Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride
Research Librium
The hand features a number of ligamentary attachments within it which help facilitate manual flexibility and dexterity. Tendons may be flexor (they contract, causing the hand or fingers to tighten or curl up) or adductor (they contract, causing the hand or fingers to loosen, or straighten out). Therefore, palmar tendons (those on the palm-side of the hand) generally are flexors, while dorsal tendons (on the back of the hand) usually are adductors. Exceptions to this includes the collateral ligaments which help in side-to-side movement of the digits. The ligaments of the fingers are encased in fibrous sheaths of ligamentary material. These sheaths allow contraction of the ligaments without incident friction on the nerves and vessels which surround them. Additionally, where these sheaths meet the joints between phalanges, or between a phalanx and a metacarpal, a large joint capsule may be seen. This joint capsule encloses the joint and any ligaments which may be attached to prominences at the bone ends.
Research Ligaments of the Hand
Lignocaine is a short-term local anaesthetic injected into tissues or applied to skin. It is effective for brief, invasive procedures such as dental care or insertion of a cannula into a vein. Temporary paralysis (to prevent involuntary movement during eye surgery, for example) can be achieved by injection directly into the nerve serving the region. Rapidly absorbed by mucous membranes, lignocaine may be sprayed into the nose or throat to allow comfortable insertion of a viewing instrument during endoscopy. Its action makes it a potent anti-arrhythmia drug as well: given intravenously during or following a heart attack, it reduces the risk of cardiac arrest.
Research Lignocaine
Ligyrophobia is the fear of loud noises.
Research Ligyrophobia
Lilapsophobia is the fear of tornadoes and hurricanes.
Research Lilapsophobia
The loop of Henle is a U-turn in the tubule responsible for carrying urine out of the nephron and into the calyces. It is bordered by the proximal and distal segments of the convoluted tubule and features both the ascending and descending limb flanking the U-turn.
Research Limb of Henle
Limnophobia is the fear of lakes.
Research Limnophobia
Limox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Limox
The lingual tonsils (tonsilla lingualis) are a pair of oval-shaped organs located at the back of the tongue behind the foramen cecum and the sulcus terminalis in the mucous membrane covering the tongue. They enlarge gradually from birth to about seven years of age and then shrinks. Each oval consists of a large number of lymphoid follicles. The lingual tonsils are part of the lymphatic system and are important to the body's defense against infection. They are composed of lymphoid tissue, which contains germ-killing cells. The tonsils help protect against upper respiratory tract infection.
Research Lingual Tonsil
Linonophobia is the fear of string.
Research Linonophobia
The lips are a pair of muscular tissues which form the entrance to the oral cavity (mouth). They are arranged laterally, at the top and bottom of the mouth opening, but since they are manipulated by a versatile sphincter muscle, the lips are able to take a wide variety of arrangements. They serve primarily to help in speech articulation and to manipulate and control food within the mouth cavity. The affectionate kiss is also facilitated by the versatility of the lips.
Research Lips
Lithotomy is the surgical procedure of removing a stone (calculus) from the urinary bladder.
Research Lithotomy
The Lithotomy position involves the patient lieing on their back with their hips and knees bent, resembling a trussed fowl. The position was formerly used for lithotomy operations before abdominal surgery, the bladder being accessed between the thighs. Now the lithotomy position is used chiefly for gynaecological examinations.
Research Lithotomy Position
Liticaphobia is the fear of lawsuits.
Research Liticaphobia
The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It lies under the short ribs on the right side of the upper part of the abdomen below the diaphragm; it is convex on the upper surface and concave below, and is composed of four lobes. The liver has three functions: it secretes bile, stores glycogen and converts waste products into urea and uric acid for excretion.
Research Liver
Liver of sulphur is a mixture of potassium sulphides used as a fungicide and insecticide and in the treatment of skin diseases.
Research Liver Of Sulphur
The lobule, or earlobe is a part of the outer ear that hangs below the tragus. It is composed of tough areolar and adipose tissue. This part of the outer ear is not made of cartilage.
Research Lobule
Lockiophobia is the fear of childbirth.
Research Lockiophobia
Logizomechanophobia is the fear of computers.
Research Logizomechanophobia
Logophobia is the fear of words.
Research Logophobia
In human anatomy, long bones are found in the limbs where they form levers. They have a hollow shaft.
Research Long bones
The long thoracic vein extends through the chest returning blood from the chest muscles and arms to the lungs.
Research Long Thoracic Vein
The longissimus cervicis muscles are deep back muscles that originate from the transverse processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae and insert in the transverse processes of the medial and upper cervical vertebrae. These muscles link the vertebrae, helping you to stand upright and enabling you to bend and twist. The muscles are innervated by branches of the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves and are supplied by muscular branches of the aorta.
Research Longissimus Cervicis
The longissimus thoracis muscles originate with the intercostalis muscles from the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae. The insert into all of the ribs and into the ends of the transverse processes of the upper lumbar vertebrae. These muscles link the vertebrae, helping you to stand upright and enabling you to bend and twist. The muscles are innervated by branches of the lumbar and thoracic spinal nerves and are supplied by muscular branches of the aorta.
Research Longissimus Thoracis
The longitudinal fissure runs down along the longitude of the cerebrum, separating the left and right hemispheres. It is interrupted in the intermediate region by the corpus callosum, which connects the two hemispheres.
Research Longitudinal Fissure
The longus capitis (rectus capitis anticus major) is a broad thick muscle that originates from the transverse processes of the third to sixth cervical (neck) vertebrae. It narrows to insert in the basilar process of the occipital bone. The longus capitis is innervated by the cervical plexus and is supplied by muscular branches of the aorta. This muscle helps twist the neck and bend the neck forward.
Research Longus Capitis
The longus cervicis is the human muscle which bends the cervical portion of the vertebral column forwards.
Research Longus cervicis
The longus colli is a long neck muscle that consists of three parts. The first part of the muscle originates from the third thoracic to the fifth cervical vertebrae and inserts into the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrae. The second part of the muscle originates from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebrae and insert into the front tubercle of the atlas. The third part of the muscle originates from the first, second, and third thoracic vertebrae and inserts into the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. The three parts of the longus colli work together to bend the head and neck forward and to turn the head from side to side. This muscle is innervated by ventral branches of the cervical nerve and supplied by muscular branches of the aorta.
Research Longus Colli
Lopressor is a brand name for Metoprolol tartrate.
Research Lopressor
Lordosis is the forward curvature of the lumbar spine. It may be congenital or caused by trauma or disease.
Research Lordosis
Lysergic acid diethylamide (lsd) is an hallucinogen illegal drug.
Research Lsd
Luiphobia is the fear of syphillis.
Research Luiphobia
Lumbago is persistant pain in the lower part of the back. It is often caused by pressure on a nerve by a vertebrae (known as a slipped disc).
Research Lumbago
Lumbar refers to the part of the back between the lowest pair of ribs and the top of the pelvis.
Research Lumbar
In human anatomy, the lumbar vertebrae are the five vertebrae following the thoracic vertebrae. The
lumbar vertebrae feature no facets on the body or transverse processes (as the thoracic vertebrae have) and the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae are much larger than those of the cervical or thoracic vertebrae. The vertebral foramen is usually triangular, while the spinous process points backward and is rectangular or hatchet-shaped. The transverse processes of the
lumbar vertebrae (which also represent their rib elements) lack the foramina which characterize the cervical vertebrae. The large body of each lumbar vertebra bears the weight of the vertebrae above it (and the skull), while the arch serves to create a canal-like area along the spine to house and protect the spinal cord.
Research Lumbar Vertebrae
The lumbricals (lumbricales manus) consist of four small, fleshy tissues that originate from the tendons of the deep flexor muscle, the flexor digitorum profundus and insert in the extensor tendon of each of the four fingers. The lumbricals are innervated by the radial and ulnar nerves and supplied by the palmar arch from the deep metacarpal artery. These muscles work to flex and extend the fingers. The first lumbrical moves the index finger, the second moves the middle finger, the third moves the middle and ring finger and the fourth moves the ring and little finger.
Research Lumbricals
The lumen is the channel within both arteries and veins through which blood flows.
Research Lumen
The lunate bone is one of the eight carpal bones which constitute each wrist. The bone, also called semilumar, is so named because its shape resembles a crescent moon.
Research Lunate bone
The lungs are organs used for respiration. Lungs are found as a pair in air-breathing vertebrates within the chest cavity and are responsible for aerating the blood - bringing fresh air to the blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood. The lungs consist of air tubes which divide into very small tubes within the lung tissue. The heart pumps blood to the veins of the lungs, these veins divide into very small branches where the blood is brought into contact with the air in the air cells at the ends of the smallest divisions of the air tubes, the bronchi. Air is drawn into and expelled from the lungs through the trachea by means of the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
Research Lungs
Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory connective tissue disorder, the causes of which are unknown, but which affects almost nine times as many women as men.
Research Lupus
Lustral is a brand name for sertaline.
Research Lustral
Lutraphobia is the fear of otters.
Research Lutraphobia
Lygophobia is the fear of darkness.
Research Lygophobia
Lyme disease is a disease of domestic animals and humans, caused by the spirochaete Borrelia burghdorferiand transmitted by ticks, and variously affecting the joints, heart, and brain.
Research Lyme Disease
The lymphatic duct is much shorter than the thoracic duct, only about one centimeter long. It receives lymph from right side of body above the liver and empties into right subclavian vein and internal jugular vein. Together with the thoracic, these ducts empty between 4 and 10 milliliters of lymph into the blood every minute.
Research Lymph Duct
Lymph nodes, or lymph glands as they are sometimes called, are small oval structures normally the size of small kidney beans. They generally are located in clusters near veins at strategic points along medium-sized lymph vessels at the knee, elbow, armpit, groin, neck, abdomen and chest. Blood is cleaned and filtered in the lymph nodes, and germ fighting cells gather there during illness. This filtration process prevents bacteria, cancer cells, and other infectious agents from entering the blood and circulating through the system. The lymph nodes are the centers for production and storage of some of the white blood cells, namely the lymphocytes and monocytes, which are important elements of the body's immune mechanism. During any kind of infection, the nodes enlarge in their area of drainage due to the multiplication of lymphocytes in the node.
Research Lymph Nodes
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic glands, which occur in different parts of the body and are connected with the lymphatic vessels. The glands are especially numerous in the neck, thorax, abdomen, axillae and groins. They vary in size, and in them are formed the white blood corpuscles or lymphocytes which circulate in the blood. The lymph vessels commuilicating with the glands pass on to other groups of glands and finally unite to form the thoracic duct, which pours its contents into the veins at the base of the neck. The lymphatic glands act as filtering agents and prevent bacteria and other impurities from entering the bloodstream.
Research Lymphatic System
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell produced in the lymphoid tissue of the lymphatic system. They are colourless and slightly larger than red blood cells. The number of
lymphocytes in the body remains fairly constant, but may rise or fall under certain conditions.
Lymphocytes are concerned with immunity. They multiply to produce antibodies to neutralize infectious substances such as invading bacteria. There are two main groups, B and T lymphocytes. The B cells are ordinarily concerned with making antibodies, while T cells have a dual role: they control immune mechanisms and fight foreign cells.
Research Lymphocytes
Lymphocytosis is the condition of having an abnormally large number of lymphocytes in the blood. It often occurs in diseases such as glandular fever and smallpox.
Research Lymphocytosis
Lyssophobia (maniphobia) is the fear of insanity.
Research Lyssophobia
|
Abbreviations
Medicine
