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Macrobiotics is the art of prolonging life.
 Research Macrobiotics
Macrocephalia is the medical condition of having an excessively large head.
Research Macrocephalia
Macrophobia is the fear of long waits.
Research Macrophobia
Mactopsia is the condition of seeing everything in the field of view as larger than it really is. It can occur in diseases of the retina or in some brain disorders.
Research Macropsia
A macule is a spot, or blemish, that is level with the surrounding skin.
Research Macule
Mageirocophobia is the fear of cooking.
Research Mageirocophobia
Magnesium Trisilicate is a fine, white, odourless, tasteless powder used in industry as an odour absorber and as a decolouriser. It is used in medicine as an antacid.
Research Magnesium Trisilicate
Maieusiophobia is the fear of childbirth.
Research Maieusiophobia
Majorpen is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Majorpen
Mal de mer is French for sea sickness.
Research Mal de mer
Malabsorption is a failure of absorption. The term is especially applied to a failure of absorption by the small intestine in coeliac disease, cystic fibrosis, etc.
Research Malabsportion
Malacia is the pathological softening of an organ or tissue, such as bone.
Research Malacia
Malaria also known as paludism (ague or miasma) is an intermittent and remittent fever caused by the micro-organism Pasmodium and transmitted by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito.
Research Malaria
Malariology is the study of malaria.
Research Malariology
Malaxophobia is the fear of love play.
Research Malaxophobia
The male reproductive system is responsible for generating, storing, and transporting the genetic material contained in the sperm cells, or spermatozoa. The chief organs include the testicles (or testes), the epididymides, the vas deferens, the ejaculatory duct, the urethra, and the penis. Auxiliary organs include the bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands, the prostate gland, and the seminal vesicles. Spermatozoa (sperm cells) contain the chromosomes which will combine with those of the ovum, or egg (produced by the female reproductive system), to form the embryo of a new human. These spermatozoa are generated within the testicles and stored within the epididymides. During sexual arousal, a fluid created by the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland combines with the sperm cells to create semen, which is carried through the urethra and out of the opening, or meatus, in the end of the erect penis. When the semen is deposited in the female vagina, the spermatozoa swim through the uterus to the fallopian tube, where one, or more, may fertilize an
egg, or ovum.
Research Male Reproductive System
The malleus is a small bone in the middle ear which transmits sound vibrations from the tympanum to the incus.
Research Malleus
In medicine, malocclusion refers to a faulty alignment of the teeth which results in an ineffecient bite.
Research Malocclusion
In medicine, the term malunion refers to the healing of a fracture with the broken ends of the bone out of their true line.
Research Malunion
The mammary glands are half-sphere-shaped glands that overlie the muscles of the chest, predominantly the pectoralis major, in an area between the third and sixth ribs on each side of the chest. The mammary gland tissue is attached to the overlying skin by straps of fiber called Cooper' s ligaments. Mammary glands exist in the male as well as the female, but only in a rudimentary state in the former. They appear in the human featus in the sixth week and by the time the baby is born they consist of an intricate network of ducts that empty into the nipple, which look like a tiny circle of thickened skin. In girls, the development of mammary glands is usually the first sign of puberty.
Research Mammary Glands
The mammillaries of the hypothalamus, or corpora albicantia, are two small rounded white masses about the size of a pea. They are located on the underside of the brain near the pituitary gland.
Research Mammillaries of the Hypothalamus
The mandible (lower jawbone) is the only movable bone in the skull. It mounts the teeth and provides structure and protective support for the oral cavity. The mandible is articulated in ball-and- socket fashion at the condylar process. The caput of this process fits into the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, just in front of the external acoustic meatus, and nestled neatly under and slightly to the back of the articular tubercle of the zygomatic process. To the front of this atriculation is the protrusion called the coronoid process, which fits snugly beneath the zygomatic arch when the mouth is closed. A curved depression lies between the caput and the coronoid process on this upper section of the mandible. The mandibular angles are the lower, back corners of the jawbone, while the ramus is the section on each side of the mandible between the caput of the condylar process and the angle. In the front of the mandible are the mental tubercles and protuberances which define the chin. On each side of the chin is an opening
called a mental foramen.
Research Mandible
The mandibular fossa is the hollowed-out depression in the underside of the temporal bone, just behind the articular tubercle and the zygomatic process. This fossa forms the joint of the jaw in conjunction with the condylar process of the mandible.
Research Mandibular Fossa
Maniaphobia is the fear of insanity.
Research Maniaphobia
The Mantoux test is the injection into the skin of a small dose of tuberculin. The test is used to see whether a reaction occurs, which indicates that the subject has at some time been infected with tuberculosis or immunised against it. The Mantoux test is used to see whether immunisation is required, and occassionaly as an aid to diagnosis.
Research Mantoux Test
The manubrium of the sternum is the broad, disc-like, upper part of the sternum. It articulates with the body of the sternum at the manubriosternal joint. The manubrium of the sternum articulates with the clavicles and the sternocleidomastoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles connect here. The top of the manubrium features the small jugular notch which admits passage of the jugular vein along the bone.
Research Manubrium of Sternum
Manus is the technical term for the hand, that is the terminal segment of the anterior limb of many vertebrates.
Research Manus
Marburg disease (green monkey disease) is a severe, sometimes fatal, viral disease of the green monkey, which may be transmitted to humans. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, and internal bleeding.
Research Marbug Disaese
The marginal artery is a large branch of the right coronary artery. It gives off several smaller branches which carry blood to the right atrium and ventricle.
Research Marginal Artery
The marginal vein, as its name implies, extends along the thick margin of the left ventricle. It is a large branch that receives blood from several smaller venous branches of the left atrium and ventricle. The blood is then carried to the great cardiac vein, or coronary vein.
Research Marginal Vein
The marrow (also called medullary) cavity is the region within the bone which houses the marrow, responsible for generation of blood cells. The marrow in newborns and children is generally red, turning yellow in adults in all bones with the exceptions of upper ends of the humerus and femur and in many of the flat bones of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and hip. The red marrow, also known as myeloid tissue, produces all types of blood cells except for lymphocytes and monocytes (which are formed primarily in the lymph nodes and the spleen) . Anemia is a disease in which the myeloid tissue cannot produce sufficient red blood cells (as when the body does not get enough of the mineral iron), with the chief symptom being chronic fatigue.
Research Marrow
Maskador is a tarde name for para-di-chloro benzene
Research Maskador
The masseter muscle is located on the side of the jaw. It originates from the zygomatic bone and extends to insert in the ramus and angle and body of the mandible. It is innervated by is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and is supplied by the masseteric artery. The masseter is one of the chewing muscles that elevates the mandible which pulls the mouth shut. It is also used during talking.
Research Masseter
Mastigophobia is the fear of beating.
Research Mastigophobia
The rearmost part of the temporal bone is referred to as the mastoid process. Sometimes also called the mastoid bone (because it is demarcated from the rest of the temporal bone by a suture line), this process joins the occipital bone at the lower ends of the lambdoid suture.
Research Mastoid Process
Matasedrin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Matasedrin
Maxcil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Maxcil
Maxibolin is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti-insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Maxibolin
The maxilla is one of the primary facial bones and defines much of the face below the orbits and above the jawbone. The maxilla (with the ethmoid bone, frontal bone, and zygomatic bones) forms much of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, the orbital cavity, and part of the cheek. The
maxilla also mounts the top row of teeth in a non-movable foundation, so that chewing is enabled by moving the mandibular teeth against them. The outer wings of the maxilla, where it meets the zygomatic bones, are called the zygomatic processes. The upper part of the
maxilla, which forms the lower, inner surface of the orbit cavity, is called the orbital surface of the
maxilla, while the exterior surface, just between the orbit and the nasal cavity, is called the frontal process of the
maxilla. The roof of the mouth is formed by the palatine bone, which is attached to the maxilla just behind the teeth.
Research Maxilla
In human anatomy, the maxillary artery is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It rises behind the neck of the mandible and is at first imbedded in the partoid gland. It passes forwards between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament and then to the Lateral pterygoid and enters the pterygopalatine fossa between the two heads of that muscle.
Research Maxillary artery
Meadows Law is the ludicrous theory, by Sir Roy Meadows, that three or more cot-deaths within a family are evidence of the mother murdering the children, and claiming their deaths to be natural. 'One baby's death is a tragedy. Two is suspicious. Three is murder.' Despite gene evidence to show that inherited immuno-deficiency is common, Meadows Law has been used to convict several women of murder in the United Kingdom, even though in 2001 Sally Clark was cleared of murder after an appeal court ruled that Meadow's claim that the probability of a second cot death occuring in a family like hers was 1 in 73 million, was absurd, and in 2003 Trupti Patel was acquitted at Reading Crown Court of charges of killing her three children who died of natural causes, though again Sir Roy Meadows was called as a prosecution witness.
Research Meadow's Law
Meadows Syndrome is the popular name in the UK for Mucnhausen Syndrome by proxy, the theory invented by Sir Roy Meadows that mothers make their children or babies ill, or murder them, and pass the deaths off as natural causes in order to meet their own needs for attention and sympathy. Sir Roy Meadows is often called as an expert witness in cot death cases in the United Kingdom, and despite having no evidence to support his testimony, has secured murder convictions and abuse convictions against many women and families in the United Kingdom. Upon investigation, Sir Roy Meadows exhibits classic symptoms himself of being an abuser or torturer, and his evidence is often highly questionable, making the whole theory of Meadows Syndrome highly questionable at best.
Research Meadows Syndrome
Measles or Rubeola is a highly contagious, acute viral disease characterised by Koplik's spots and a spreading maculopapular rash caused by a paramyxovirus and is spread by airborne droplets or direct contact with nasopharyngeal secretions. The disease is communicable from four days before the rash appears until the rash disappears.
Research Measles
The meatus are groove-like passages between the turbinates (nasal conchae) in the nasal cavity. Of the three passages (inferior meatus, middle meatus, and superior meatus) the inferior meatus is the largest and the superior meatus is the smallest. The passages are lined with mucous membrane. Nerve endings responsible for the sense of smell are located in the nasal musosa.
Research Meatus
Mebanazine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor used as an anti-depressant.
Research Mebanazine
Mebaral is a tradename for a preparation of mephobarbital.
Research Mebaral
Mechanophobia is the fear of machinery.
Research Mechanophobia
Meckel's diverticulum is a protrusion from the small intestine resembling the appendix and dound in roughly two percent of people. It is a vestigal structure and can become inflammed with resulting symptoms similar to those of appendicitis.
Research Meckel's Diverticulum
Meclofenamate is an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat joint pain, stiffness, inflammation and swelling of arthritis and gout.
Research Meclofenamate
The medial basilic vein extends through the arm between the biceps and pronator teres muscles. It joins with the ulnar vein to form the bascilic vein, which terminates as the axillary vein.
Research Medial Basilic Vein
The medial condyle of the tibia is the bony prominence on the medial, or inner, side of the head of the tibia. It articulates with the medial condyle of the femur and is cushioned from it by the medial meniscus. The medial condyle of the tibia is connected to the medial condyle of the femur by the tibial collateral ligament.
Research Medial Condyle of the Tibia
The medial meniscus is a depression similar to the lateral meniscus, on the knee joint which accepts the medial condyle of the femur.
Research Medial Meniscus
The two halves of the tongue are divided by a fibrous septum (the median septum) that runs down the middle of the tongue. This septum can be seen externally as the central groove, or median furrow, running lengthwise along the tongue.
Research Median Furrow
The anterior and lingual surface of the epiglottis is curved forward, toward the tongue. The surface is covered at its upper, free part by mucous membrane which is reflected onto the sides and root of the tongue, forming a median and two lateral folds. The lateral folds are partially attached to the wall of the pharynx.
Research Median Glossoepiglottic Fold
The median nerves originate in the upper spinal cord, between the sixth cervical and first thoracic vertebrae. They extend down the arm to the hand, palm, and fingers.
Research Median Nerve
The median and transverse palatine sutures mark the lines of connection of the bones of the palate. The median palatine suture runs from the front of the palate, at the incisive foramen, to the back of the mouth, at the posterior nasal spine. The median palatine suture connects the two palatine processes to each other, as well as connecting the two palatine bones to each other.
Research Median Palatine Suture
The median sulcus is a narrow groove in the top midline of the tongue, which becomes smaller as it ascends.
Research Median Sulcus
Medimox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Medimox
The medulla oblongata is the lowest part of the brainstem and serves as the site of connection between the brain and the spinal cord. Located just above the foramen magnum in the skull and in front of the cerebellum, the
medulla oblongata contains a number of nerve centers which are responsible for controlling involuntary processes such as the heartbeat, breathing, and body temperature regulation. It is only about 2.5 centimeters wide and comprises less than one percent of the weight of the central nervous system. In spite of its small size, though, it is integral in the transmission of nerve impulses between the spinal cord and the higher brain. Many of the nerve fibres which pass through the medulla oblongata cross over, so that many impulses from the right side of the brain control functions on the left side of the body and vice-versa.
Research Medulla Oblongata
The medullary plexus is the fine network of blood capillaries within the nephron. These capillaries are the constricting demarcation between the intralobular artery and vein.
Research Medullary Plexus
Megalophobia is the fear of large things.
Research Megalophobia
Meissner's corpuscles are egg-shaped receptors consisting of a mass of intertwined fibres. They are located between the dermis and epidermis that inform the brain exactly where the skin is touched.
Meissner's corpuscles are concentrated in the fingertips and palms, lips, and tongue, nipples, penis and clitoris.
Research Meissner's Corpuscle
Meissner's corpuscles are small, nodular structures which penetrate the nerve cells. They contain spiral nerve fibrils which innervate tissues throughout the body, including the epidermis of the hands, fingers, feet, and the mucous membranes of the eyelid and tongue. They are strongly related to the tactile senses.
Research Meissner's Corpuscles
Meixil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Meixil
Melanin are a group of black or dark brown pigments that are present in the hair, skin, and eyes of man. They may be produced to excess in cases of certain skin diseases and in melanomas.
Research Melanin
Melanophobia is the fear of the colour black.
Research Melanophobia
Melissophobia is the fear of bees.
Research Melissophobia
Melophobia is the fear of or hatred of music.
Research Melophobia
In medicine, the term membrane describes a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a space, or divides a space, as for example the stomach membrane that lines the stomach wall. The main kinds of membranes are mucous membrane, serous membrane, synovial membrane and cutaneous membrane.
Research Membrane
Meniere's disease is characterised by attacks of severe vertigo which occur at irregular intervals and which are associated with noises in the head and increasing deafness. The attacks start suddenly with noises in the head, followed immediately by vertigo which may be so intense that the patient often falls to the ground as if he had been shot. He may actually lose consciousness for a few moments, and generally vomits. The time taken in recovery may vary from a few minutes to twenty- four hours. Slight persistent vertigo may, however, remain between the attacks. The attack is distinguished from an epileptic fit by the absence of convulsions. The illness is naturally dangerous for those whose occupation exposes them to the risk of injury in case of a fall, e.g. builders. Bromides are often given as a treatment.
Research Meniere's Disease
Meningitis is an inflammation of the membrane, known as the pia mater, which covers the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord. There are several distinct types of this disease, which is caused by the entrance of germs into the membrane. The commonest of these types are as follows: 1. Cerebrospinal Fever ('Spotted Fever') caused by the Meningococcus. 2. Septic meningitis, due to invasion by the Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. 3. Tuberculous meningitis, resulting from invasion by the Tubercle Bacillus. 4. Syphilitic meningitis, caused by the Spirochaete of Syphilis. In a rigid cavity like the skull there is very little room for the accommodation of the products of inflammation, which therefore give rise to pressure on the surface of the brain and to irritation of its surface. Meningitis is a very dangerous disease, and unless treated very early it is often fatal.
Research Meningitis
Meningitophobia is the fear of brain disease.
Research Meningitophobia
Meniscus is a slip of cartridge at either side of the knee joint, separating the surfaces of the joint.
Research Meniscus
Menophobia is the fear of menstruation.
Research Menophobia
The mental protuberance is the protrusion of the tip of the mandible which constitutes the chin. Bumps or protrusions on the mental protuberance are called mental tubercles, and define the shape of the chin.
Research Mental Protuberance
The mentalis (levator labii inferioris) muscle originates from the front of the mandible, below the roots of the teeth, extends upward covering the chin and inserting into the lower lip. It lies just underneath the depressor labii inferioris. The mentalis muscle is innervated by the facial nerve and supplied by the facial artery. This muscle raises the fleshy part of the chin, which in turn pushes up the lower lip, as when expressing sadness, anger, or doubt.
Research Mentalis
In anatomy, the mentum is the anterior and inferior mandible of the lower jaw.
Research Mentum
Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol hydrochloride) is a powerful blocker of pain messages to the brain. It is used in medicine as a relief of moderate to severe pain and as a pre-operative medication. It is injected or orally ingested.
Research Meperidine hydrochloride
Mephobarbital is a ctystalline barbiturate ued as a sedative in the treatment of epilepsy.
Research Mephobarbital
Mercuric Chloride (Corrosive Sublimate) is a compound (HgCl2) used medicinally as an antiseptic and as an astringent. It is extremely poisonous.
Research Mercuric Chloride
Merinthophobia is the fear of being bound or tied up.
Research Merinthophobia
Merkel's disks are oval-shaped receptors arranged in bundles and located in the epidermis. They are concentrated in the fingertips and other areas where Meissner's corpuscles are found. It is believed that these disks inform the brain of continuous touch on an area of the skin.
Research Merkel's Disks
The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries branch from the abdominal section of the aorta. The superior mesenteric artery supplies the intestines. The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the colon and the rectum.
Research Mesenteric Arteries
The inferior mesenteric vein and the superior mesenteric vein run alongside their corresponding arteries. The inferior mesenteric vein returns blood from the rectum and colon. Both veins merges with the splenic vein to form the portal vein.
Research Mesenteric Vein
Mesothelioma is a tumour of the mesothelium. The term is particularly used to describe a tumour of the mesthelium apparently caused by exposure to asbestos (asbestosis).
Research Mesothelioma
In medicine, the mesothelium is the epithelium that forms the surface layer of the mesoderm and lines the embryonic body cavity. Tumours of the mesthelium are allegedly caused by breathing asbestos fibres, this forming the condition known as mesothelioma.
Research Mesothelium
Mesural is a tarde name for Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride
Research Mesural
The metacarpals are connected together, and to the surrounding bones, by a number of
metacarpal ligaments. One of these is the interosseous metacarpal ligament, which binds the bases (proximal ends) of the metacarpals tightly together and to the carpals. Another is the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments, which span the heads (distal ends) of the metacarpals, linking the metacarpals together at some distance apart. This arrangement provides the necessary lateral support which keeps the bones of the hand in the appropriate array. Because this is achieved by ligament rather than bone, the hand has some latitude to compress and expand laterally, as well as curve longitudinally.
Research Metacarpal Ligaments
The metacarpus are the five long bones which extend between the carpals of the wrist and the phalanges. The metacarpals are numbered beginning with that of the thumb. The head of each metacarpal bone is bulbous at the site of articulation with the phalanges, and features small projections or knobs to which the ligaments of the fingers and palm attach.
Research Metacarpus
In psychology, metacognition refers to an awareness of one's own mental processes.
Research Metacognition
Metallophobia is the fear of metal.
Research Metallophobia
Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis cell reproduction. The chromosomes have become irregular V shaped and arrange themselves around the equator.
Research Metaphase
Metastasis is the spreading of a disease from one part of the body to another. The term is particularly applied to the spread ofcancer cells from one part of the body to another.
Research Metastasis
The metatarsus are the five long bones which extend between the tarsals of the ankle and the phalanges. The metatarsus are numbered beginning with that of the large toe. The head of each
metatarsus is bulbous at the site of articulation with the phalanges, and features small projections or knobs to which the ligaments of the toes and foot attach.
Research Metatarsus
Metathesiophobia is the fear of changes.
Research Metathesiophobia
Meteorophobia is the fear of meteors.
Research Meteorophobia
Methaqualone (Mequin, Parest, Quaalude, Rouqualone-300, Sopor, Torinal, Tuazole, Tuazolone) is a depressive drug which is orally ingested, injected, sniffed or smoked to decrease anxiety and tension.
Research Methaqualone
Methatriol is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti-insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Methatriol
Methyl-guanidine-acetic acid (Creatine) is a naturally occurring amino-acid found in meat juices.
Research Methyl-guanidine-acetic acid
Methyldopa is a drug used for long lasting mild to severe high blood pressure. It has the possible side effects of: sedation, headache, weakness, dizziness, decreased mental acuity, depression, nightmares, decreased heart rate, swelling, weight gain, dry mouth, nasal stuffiness, diarrhoea, skin rash and drug- induced fever.
Research Methyldopa
Methyltestoterone is an anabolic steroid. It causes increased protein synthesis and amino acid consumption, androgensisis, catabolism, and gluticocototitosis. It is used for sports performance enhancement, relief and recovery from common injuries, rehabilitation, weight control, anti- insomnia, and regulation of sexuality, aggression, and cognition.
Research Methyltestoterone
Methyphobia is the fear of alcohol.
Research Methyphobia
Methysergide is a vasoconstrictor drug used to prevent migraine and other recurring vascular headaches. It works by blocking the action of serotonin, a chemical that constricts blood vessels.
Research Methysergide
Metoprolol tartrate is a drug used to reduce high blood pressure. It has the possible side effects of: fatigue, lethargy, decreased heart rate, low blood pressure, congestive heart failure, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash and fever.
Research Metoprolol Tartrate
Metrophobia is the fear or hatred of poetry.
Research Metrophobia
Miasma is another name for malaria
Research Miasma
Microphobia is the fear of small things.
Research Microphobia
The middle cerebral artery is the largest branch of the internal carotid. It branches and assists in bringing a fresh supply of blood to the brain. The small branches are generally known as 'stroke arteries' due to their frequent involvement in cerebral hemorrhages.
Research Middle Cerebral Artery
The middle pharyngeal constrictor (constrictor pharyngis medius) is a flat, fan-shaped muscle that originates along the upper border of the hyoid bone and from the stylohyoid ligament. The muscle fibres diverge, some run below the inferior constrictor muscle and some overlap the superior constrictor muscle. The muscle inserts in the pharyngeal rapha in the back of the pharynx. The three constrictor muscles contract to help move food and drink down through the esophagus when swallowing. All three muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus.
Research Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
The middle temporal artery arises from the superficial temporal artery immediately above the zygomatic arch and together with the deep temporal arteries supplies the tempral muscle.
Research Middle Temporal Artery
Minders Spirit is a solution of ammonium acetate, formerly used in medicine to promote sweating in feverish attacks and as a diuretic.
Research Minders Spirit
Miner's elbow is a popular name for a swelling of a membrane in the elbow joint (bursitis). It is caused by resting the weight of the body on the elbow, as in some coal mining activities - whence the common name. The condition is sometimes also seen in children and adults who lean on their elbows.
Research Miner's Elbow
Miosis is constriction of the pupil.
Research Miosis
Misophobia is the fear of being contaminated with dirt of germs.
Research Misophobia
Mitosis is cell reproduction by indirect division. It is the common method of division in the higher animals. It is characterised by a series of complex changes in the nucleus leading to its subdivision. The process takes between 30 minutes and a few hours, and is comprised of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and Telophase.
Research Mitosis
Mnemophobia is the fear of memories.
Research Mnemophobia
The molars are located at the back of the mouth behind the premolars. The crown of each molar features three cusps which facilitate the grinding and chewing of food. The first and second molars are represented by deciduous counterparts in the child, though the third molar (also called the ' wisdom tooth') is not and does not usually erupt until the ages of 18-20. In many people, one or more of the third molars never erupts, leaving 31,30,29, or even 28 teeth total. The first and second molars' roots feature multiple root stems which anchor them in the maxilla and mandible - the upper ones usually have three, while the lower ones have two. The third
molars have what appears to be fused-pair root systems. The root stems may differ, with the possibility of serious dental repair being necessary to correct any malformed root structures.
Research Molars
Molysmophobia is the fear of dirt or contamination.
Research Molysmophobia
A monoamine is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter with a single amino group.
Research Monoamine
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme which promotes the oxidation of adrenaline and other pressor amines, rendering them inactive.
Research Monoamine Oxidase
Mononucleosis is an acute viral infectious disease characterised by fatigue, fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and transmitted by way of prolonged contact with infected saliva or through a blood transfusion.
Research Mononucleosis
Monopathophobia is the fear of definite disease.
Research Monopathophobia
Monophobia is the fear of being alone.
Research Monophobia
Mopen is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Mopen
Morbid anatomy is the branch of medical science concerned with the study of the structure of diseased organs and tissues.
Research Morbid Anatomy
Morgenxil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Morgenxil
Morphine (formerly called morphia) is an opium alkaloid used to treat severe pain. Small doses first excite the mental faculties and then produce sleep. Excessive doses lead to coma and respiration failure.
Research Morphine
Morphine sulphate (Astramorph, Duramorph, MS Contin, MSIR, Roxanol SR, Roxanol 100, RMS) blocks pain messages to the brain and spinal cord. It is a respiratory depressive and causes miosis. It is injected, or administered orally in a suspension to relieve moderate to severe acute and chronic pain and to facilitate the induction of anaesthesia.
Research Morphine Sulphate
The motor end plate is the large, club-shaped end-formation on the axon of a motor nerve. It is the structure by which synaptic impulses are generated and transmitted. The stimulation from the
motor end plate is transmitted by the motor nerve along the spinal cord to the brain, which interprets the stimuli and causes muscle to contract.
Research Motor End Plate
Motor neurone disease is a progressively degenerative disease of the motor system causing muscle weakness and wasting.
Research Motor Neurone Disease
Motorphobia is the fear of automobiles.
Research Motorphobia
Mottephobia is the fear of moths.
Research Mottephobia
The mouth is a versatile area of the human anatomy, responsible for articulation in speech, and tasting, chewing, and swallowing food. The mouth cavity is located just below the nasal cavity and is formed by the palatine bones and the palatine processes of the maxilla on top and by the mandible on bottom. At the opening of the mouth cavity are the lips - muscular structures which are covered with thin, membranous skin. The lips occlude the mouth opening during chewing to keep food and liquid within, help manipulate food during chewing, facilitate articulation in speech, and even give a friendly kiss. Within the mouth cavity, the teeth extend down from their maxillary sockets and up from their mandibular sockets to form the dental arcade. The muscles and skin of the cheeks cover the outer sides of the mouth cavity, while the muscular structures of the tongue and sublingual mucosal lining and muscles. When food is brought into the mouth the salivary glands produce saliva. The saliva lubricates the mouth and moistens the food. The inner
surface of the lips, the tongue, and the cheeks manipulate the food so that it is brought between the teeth as the teeth clamp down on the food. In a combined action of these motions, with a semi-circular, grinding motion of the teeth, the food is chewed into a paste with the saliva. Enzymes within the saliva begin to break down the food and the tongue moves a portion of this food paste to the back of the
mouth cavity by pressing it up and back along the hard palate. The soft palate, meanwhile, raises to seal off the nasal cavity. The ball of food paste, called a bolus, is passed into the pharynx. The epiglottis lowers to cover the airway so that the food does not enter the larynx. From the pharynx, wave- like contractions, called peristaltic waves, push the bolus down into and through the esophagus and into the stomach, where it is further digested.
Research Mouth
Mox is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Mox
Moxacin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxacin
Moxaline is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxaline
Moxarin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxarin
Moxcil is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxcil
Moxilen is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxilen
Moxlin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxlin
Moxylin is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxylin
Moxypen is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxypen
Moxyvit is a brand name for Amoxicillin.
Research Moxyvit
MS Contin is a tarde name for morphine sulphate.
Research MS Contin
MSIR is a tarde name for morphine sulphate.
Research MSIR
Mucin is a protein and the principal constituent of mucus.
Research Mucin
The mucosa of the cervix is similar to the mucosa of the upper uterus. The mucous lining of the cervix, unlike that of the upper uterus, takes no part in menstruation and is not shed during the destructive, or last, phase of menstruation.
Research Mucosa of Cervical Canal
Mucous is a term for surfaces which secret or are covered with mucus.
Research Mucous
A mucous membrane is a form of membrane that lines openings or canals of the body that open to the outside. Examples include the linings of the mouth, digestive tube, breathing passages, and the genital and urinary tracts.
Mucous membranes release mucus, and absorb water, salts, and other substances.
Research Mucous Membrane
Mucus is a thick fluid secreted by mucus membranes in animals. It acts as a protective barrier, lubricant and a carrier of enzymes.
Research Mucus
The multifidus is a deep back muscle that runs along the entire spine and lies below the erector spinae muscles. It originates from the sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, mammillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of the last four cervical vertebrae. It consists of numerous bundles of fibres that cross over two to five vertebrae at a time and insert into the spinous processes of all the vertebrae, including the axis. The multifidus is innervated by branches of the spinal nerve and supplied by branches of the aorta. This muscle helps to bend and rotate the spine.
Research Multifidus
multiple sclerosis (disseminated sclerosis) is a chronic progressive disease of the central nervous system characterised by loss of some of the myelin sheath surrounding certain nerve fibres which results in speech and visual disorders, tremors, muscular incoordination, partial paralysis, and finally death.
Research Multiple Sclerosis
Multum is a tarde name for Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride
Research Multum
Mumps (epidemic parotitis) is an acute, infectious viral disease which attacks the young and consists of a painful inflammation of the salivary glands with swelling along the neck. Mumps is caused by the paramyxovirus, and is spread by droplet or direct contact with infected saliva.
Research Mumps
Munchausen Syndrome is a supposed psychiatric condition in which a patient manufactures their own illness in order to meet their needs for attention and sympathy.
Research Munchausen Syndrome
Munchausen Syndrome by proxy (Meadows Syndrome) is a supposed psychiatric condition in which a patient manfactures their own child's illness or even death in order to meet their own needs for attention and sympathy. Typical allegations include slow poisoning, and often Munchausen Syndrome by proxy is used as an explanation for cot death, where no apparent natural cause can be found - though often a post mortem will reveal a highly weak or disfunctional immune system and the presence of toxic bacteria. The plausability of the theory of
Munchausen Syndrome by proxy is highly questionable when one examines both the absence of supporting scientific evidence, and the uses the theory is put to - often to convict mothers with no history of cruelty, and with no other evidence to support the theory, when their baby dies suddenly.
Research Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy
Muscles are the organs of motion and consist of bundles or fasciculi of parallel reddish contractile fibres. Toward the end of the muscle the fibres are so modified that they form a white cord or tendon of great density and strength. This tendon is attached to the bone so strongly that it is almost impossible to detach it. Sometimes a tendon spreads out like a flat sheet or thick membrane; it is then called fascia or aponeurosis. The fibres of a muscle have the power of contracting and relaxing under different stimuli sent to them by nerves. Muscular contractions cause them to move the bones, and consequently the limbs and body, in such direction as the brain and nerves command. Contraction is the special function of the muscles; all movements are performed by them. There are three kinds of muscle tissue: striated muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Most of the body' s muscle consists of striated muscle which is the skeletal muscle. It is also called voluntary muscle because it can be consciously controlled via the central nervous system.
Smooth muscle is the muscle of the internal organs and is called involuntary because it is not under voluntary control. Cardiac muscle is a special type of muscle found only in the heart. It consists of linked fibres that contract in unison producing the heartbeat.
Research Muscles
Several sets of muscles support and propel the torso. The abdominal wall muscles help transfer force between the upper and lower body, and they also protect the delicate internal organs. Their most important function is to support the back. The muscles of the torso extend in several directions. They help maintain posture and aid the spinal muscles when bending, twisting, and other movements.
Research Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
The arm has a wide range of movements, they swing backward and forward in walking and running, and they can be folded across the chest or raised above the head. The shoulder forms a base for the arm with most of the upper arm muscles originating from this area. In the upper arm, the biceps and triceps are arranged to give the forearm power to thrust and bend. The two muscles join at the elbow and allow you to bend and straighten your arm and also rotate your wrist and hand. The forearm muscles transmit power to the wrist, hands, and fingers. A group of flexors and extensors controls the movements of the wrist, acting in conjunction with other muscles of the fingers, thumb, radius, and ulna. These sets of muscles allow the arm and wrist to bend (flexion) and straighten (extension) as well as move outward away from the body (abduction) and inward toward the body (adduction). Some of these muscles participate in more than one type of movement.
Research Muscles of the Arm
The feet and toes are essential elements in body movement. They bear and propel the weight of the body during walking and running, and help to maintain balance during changes of body position. The foot can adapt itself to different surfaces and absorb mechanical shocks as well. Each foot has about thirty-three muscles, some of which are attached to the lower leg. There are four plantar muscle layers. The first layer includes the adductor hallucis, the flexor digitorum brevis, and the abductor digiti minimi. The second layer consists of the lumbricals, and the third layer includes the flexor hallucis brevis, the adductor hallucis, and the flexor digiti minimi brevis. The fourth layer is composed of the interossei muscles.
Research Muscles of the Feet
There are about thirty muscles associated with facial expression (controlling the eyes, face, and mouth). These muscles take their origin from the bones of the facial skeleton and attach to the soft tissues of the facial skin, such as the eyelids, nose, cheeks, and lips. There are seventeen smiling muscles in all. Some muscles open these orifices wide; others narrow or close them. All the muscles of the face are supplied by branches of two main nerves, the right and left facial nerves, which arise from the brain stem. These branches of the facial nerve control the muscle movements of the face.
Research Muscles of the Head and Tongue
The muscles and joints of the legs provide strength and stability for the body. These muscles serve to transmit the weight of the body and provide power for such common activities as walking, running, and jumping. They also absorb the cumulative impact of those activities. The leg bones are girded on all sides by sets of powerful muscles that allow the legs to bend (flexion) and straighten (extension) as well as move outward from the body (abduction) and inward (adduction). Some of these muscles are relatively long and participate in more than one type of movement.
Research Muscles of the Legs
Below the main part of the head are muscles of the neck. These muscles extend both deep and superficially from the base of the skull to the back. They work together to flex the head when nodding, take part in breathing, and act in unison with the eye muscles, causing the head to turn from side to side with the eyes.
Research Muscles of the Neck
The muscles of the torso extend in several directions. They include those that move the vertebral column (spine), the muscles that form the thoracic and abdominal walls, and those that cover the pelvic outlet. The muscles of the thoracic wall are primarily involved in the process of breathing. The abdominal wall consists of four muscle pairs, arranged in layers, and the fascia that envelopes them. The back is crisscrossed by broad bands of muscle. The muscles in the lower back provide support for your upright posture. The muscles at the top of the back move the shoulders and arms, and help you breathe. Those in the central group steady the spine and enable you to bend forward and backward and to twist from side to side. The deeper muscles form an overlapping sheet that joins this central region to the phalanges on the scapula and pelvis. Other muscles link these bones to the arms and legs. Many of the muscles that give strength to the back of the upper torso are near the surface of the skin. A deep layer of muscles, some interwoven with
the ribs and others linked to the spine, provide flexibility and added stability to the back. The
muscles of the torso work together in groups contracting and relaxing to support and propel the torso. These muscles also help maintain posture and aid the spinal muscles when bending, twisting, and in a wide range of other movements, such as breathing, coughing, sneezing, laughing, and sighing.
Research Muscles of the Torso
Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease characterised by progressive deterioration and wasting of the muscle fibres, resulting in a difficulty in walking.
Research Muscular Dystrophy
Musicophobia is the fear of music.
Research Musicophobia
Musophobia is the fear of mice.
Research Musophobia
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME or 'yuppy flu') is a poorly defined collection of symptoms characterized by aching muscles, depression and lethargy which often follow a virus infection, particularly glandular fever. The name is misleading, since encephalitis means an inflamation of the brain and spinal cord, which are not present in the condition. It has been suggested that 'post viral fatigue syndrome' would be a more appropriate name for the condition.
Research Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic progressive disease in which the muscles, especially those of the head and face, become weak and easily fatigued.
Research Myasthenia Gravis
Mycetoma is a painless swelling caused by infection from Eumycetes becoming matted together with soft body tissues. The fungus often enters the body with a thorn, and legions are common on the legs and feet giving rise to its popular name of Madura Foot.
Research Mycetoma
Myckle ail is the old English name for leprosy.
Research Myckle ail
Mycophobia is the fear of or aversion to mushrooms.
Research Mycophobia
Mycosis is the term given to any infection or disease caused by fungus.
Research Mycosis
Mycrophobia is the fear of small things.
Research Mycrophobia
Myctophobia is the fear of darkness.
Research Myctophobia
Myelin is a collection of lipid fats and proteins that insulates the axons of some neurons. This insulation being known as a myelin sheath.
Research Myelin
The myelin sheath is a coat of white, fatty tissue (myelin) which covers the axons of nerves of the peripheral nervous system. The white, myelinated fibres of the nerve bundles within the brain and spine account for the white matter found there. The grey matter also there is due to the inner structures of the nerve cell bodies. The myelin sheath is, in turn, covered by a membrane called the neurolemma (or the nucleated membrane). The myelin sheath serves to insulate the axon, thereby improving signal transmission to the nerve. When the myelin sheath is lost or damaged, signal loss occurs and this manifests itself in symptoms such as those encountered in the disease multiple sclerosis.
Research Myelin Sheath
Myeloblast is a cell that gives rise to a granulocyte. Myeloblasts are normally found in the bone marrow but are detected in the blood in certain diseases, especially leukaemia.
Research Myeloblast
A myelocyte is an immature granulocyte, normally occurring in the bone marrow but detected in the blood in certain diseases
Research Myelocyte
The mylohyoid line is a ridge on the inner surface of the mandible bone. Just below the teeth, the myohyloid line progresses from just behind the digastric along the mandible to behind the 3rd molar, near the mandibular angle.
Research Mylohyoid Line
The mylohyoid muscle (mylohyoideus) is flat and triangular in form and lies just beneath the digastric muscle spanning the bottom of the jaw. It originates from the the mylohyoid line of the mandible and inserts in the upper border of the hyoid bone. The mylohyoid is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and is supplied by the lingual artery. This muscle assists the geniohyoid, which lies just beneath the mylohyoid muscle, and the digastric muscles in moving the hyoid bone and the tongue upward and forward and then upward and backward during the process of swallowing.
Research Mylohyoid Muscle
Myocardial infarction is suffocation of a segment of the heart muscle caused by a blockage of an artery, resulting in a heart attack - the segment of heart muscle stops working due to a lack of oxygen and the heart stops beating.
Research Myocardial Infarction
The wall of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, referred to as
myocardium. This tissue is similar to the voluntary muscles of the body. In the cardiac tissue, however, the elongated muscle cells are highly interconnected to assure the maintenance of a coordinated and orderly heartbeat. The medical term myocarditis refers to inflammation of the heart muscle. A very smooth tissue, endocardium, lines the interior chambers of the heart. This lining helps to reduce any friction that may be caused by blood that is constantly moving through the four hollow chambers of the heart. Endocarditis is an inflammation of the heart lining. This condition can cause rough spots to develop in the endocardium, which may lead to thrombosis.
Research Myocardium
Myology is the branch of medical science concerned with the structure and diseases of muscles.
Research Myology
Myopathy is any disease affecting muscles or muscle tissue.
Research Myopathy
Myopia, (short-sightedness), is a visual defect that causes blurred distance vision. Except in extreme cases, near vision remains clear. In most myopic people, the eyeball is longer than normal from front to back. As a result, light rays from a distant object meet in front of the retina.
Research Myopia
Myrmecophobia is the fear of ants.
Research Myrmecophobia
Mysophobia is the fear of dirt.
Research Mysophobia
Mythophobia is the fear of myths or stories or false statements.
Research Mythophobia
Myxoedema (Hypothyroidism) is a disease caused by a lack of thyroid hormones, sometimes due to the destruction of thyroid or pituitary tissue. A deficiency of thyroid hormones causes a depression of cellular enzyme systems, manifesting itself in lethargy, a reduction in body temperature, intolerance to the cold, reduced attention span, memory loss, fatigue and muscle weakness.
Research Myxoedema
Myxophobia is the fear of slime.
Research Myxophobia
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Medicine
