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The M 1943-62 was a Polish-made copy of the Soviet PPS-43 sub-machine-gun, produced after the Second World War. The Polish weapon differed in having a wooden stock and a slightly longer receiver, but other details were the same as the Soviet original.
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The La France M16K is an American sub-machine-gun based on the M16 rifle, but chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge which it takes from a 30-round box magazine and fires at a cyclic rate of 625 rounds-per-minute with a muzzle velocity of 260 meters-per-second. The M16K has a 184 mm barrel and is designed for Special Forces.
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The M219 Tank Machine-Gun was an American short recoil gas assisted automatic machine-gun designed as a replacement for the M73 Tank Machine-Gun for use as a coaxial machine-gun in tanks, but also capable of being removed and used outside of the vehicle. The M219 Tank Machine-Gun was chambered for the 7.62 mm x 51 cartridge which it took from a disintegrating link belt fed from either side - usually the left, but it could be adapted to feed from the right - and fired with a cyclic rate of between 500 and 625 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 854 meters per second to an effective range of 900 meters. The M219 Tank Machine-Gun had a 559 mm long barrel, and was not fitted with sights.
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The McDonnell Douglas M230 is a 30 mm calibre chain gun mounted on various aircraft, including the AH-64A attack helicopter. It has a variable rate of fire of up to 650 rounds per minute, a muzzle velocity of 800m/s and an effective range of 1500 to 1700 meters.
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The FN M240G is a ground based version of the Belgian M240 machine-gun mounted on AFVs. The M240G is gas operated, air cooled and has a cyclic rate of 650 to 950 rounds per minute, and a sustained rate of fire of 100 rounds per minute, and an effective range of 1.8 kilometres when mounted on a tripod. The M240G is modified for ground use by the installation of an ' infantry modification kit', comprised of a flash suppressor, front sight, carrying handle for the barrel, a butt stock, infantry length pistol grip, bipod, and rear sight assembly.
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The M249 is an American slightly modified variant of the Belgian FN Minimi light machine-gun. It has a calibre of 5.56 mm and a range of 1300 meters. It has a cyclic rate of 750 rounds-per-minute and a muzzle velocity of 924m/s. The M249 takes either a 30 round or 200 round box magazine.
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The M2HB is a Browning 0.5 inch calibre American short-recoil operated heavy machine-gun, produced since 1933 and mounted on American military vehicles since the Second World War. It has a muzzle velocity of 890m/s and fires 0.5 inch Browning ball ammunition at 500 rounds-per-minute fed by a belt system. The gun originally appeared as a water-cooled anti-aircraft machine-gun, but in the 1930s the M2 air-cooled version was developed for use on tanks. The M2HB is also used on a tripod by infantry.
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The M49 was a Yugoslavian blowback operated, selective fire sub-machine-gun based upon the Soviet PPSh-41 sub-machine-gun. The M49 was chambered for the 7.62 mm Pistol or 7.63 mm Mauser cartridge which it took from a 35-round curved box magazine (its own, the Soviet PPSh-41 box magazine or the Chinese China Type 50 SMG box magazine) and fired at a cyclic rate of 700 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 500 meters per second to an effective range of 200 meters. The M49 had a blade foresight and flip rearsight notched at 100 and 200 meters and a 273 mm long barrel.
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The M51 LMG is a Swiss gas-assisted recoil operated automatic light machine-gun designed by the government establishment at Berne and based upon the German MG42. The M51 LMG is chambered for the 7.5 mm M11 cartridge which it takes from a 50 or 250 round link belt feed and fires with a cyclic rate of 1000 rounds per minute to an effective range of 800 meters when used with a bipod and 1000 meters when fired from a tripod. The M51 LMG has a 564 mm long barrel and provision for quick barrel change. It has a folding blade foresight and a tangent rearsight.
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The M53 AA Gun is a Czechoslovakian anti-aircraft weapon comprising four Soviet DShK 38/46 12.7 mm HMG in a 2 x 2 arrangement on a two-wheeled carriage, each fed with a 50-round drum magazine. The M53 AA Gun has an effective aerial range of 1000 meters and a maximum land range of 6500 meters and a cyclic rate of fire of 550 - 600 rounds per minute.
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The M53 GPMG is a Yugoslavian short-recoil gas assisted automatic general purpose machine-gun designed to be used as either a light machine-gun fired from a bipod or in sustained fire mode from a tripod. The M53 GPMG is chambered for the 7.92 mm x 57 cartridge which it takes from a 50-round drum magazine or belt feed and fires with a cyclic rate of between 800 and 1050 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 715 meters per second to an effective range of 800 meters from a bipod and 1000 meters when fired from a tripod. The M53 GPMG is air cooled and has a 560 mm long quick change barrel and is fitted with a barleycorn foresight and a tangent notch rearsight.
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The M56 was a Yugoslavian blowback operated, selective fire sub-machine-gun similar in appearance to the German MP40. The M56 was chambered for the 7.62 mm Pistol or 7.63 mm Mauser cartridge which it took from a 35-round curved box magazine and fired at a cyclic rate of 600 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 500 meters per second. The M56 had a folding stock and a 250 mm long barrel.
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The M60 GPMG is an American gas-operated general purpose machine-gun (also used by Australian, South Korean and Taiwanese forces) developed from the German MG42 and which entered service in the late 1950's. The M60 is chambered for the 7.62 mm NATO cartridge which it takes from a belt feed and fires with a cyclic rate of 600 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 855 meters per second to an effective range of 1000 meters fired from a bipod and 1800 meters when using a tripod. The M60 has a 560 mm long barrel and is fitted with fixed blade foresight and a U notch rearsight. A lack of a gas regulator causes the M60 to stop working and occasionally continue firing after the trigger has been released - only stopping when the belt is prevented from feeding into the gun.
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The M60 LMG is an American gas operated light machine-gun developed during the 1970's as a light version of the M60 GPMG. The M60 LMG is chambered for the 7.62 mm x 51 cartridge which it takes from a link belt feed and fires at a cyclic rate of 550 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 860 meters per second to an effective range of 1000 meters.
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The M60C is an American machine-gun variant of the M60 GPMG, being a remotely fired variation mounted on the outside of helicopters.
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The M60D is an American machine-gun variant of the M60 GPMG mounted on boats, vehicles and as a pintle-mounted door gun in helicopters.
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The M60E2 is an American machine-gun. The M60E2 is a variant of the M60 GPMG and is mounted coaxially on AFVs.
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The General Electric M61A1 (Vulcan) is an American 20 mm calibre six-barrel Gatling gun mounted on the M163 AFV, and fitted to various aircraft. It has a variable rate of fire up to 6600 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 1036 meters-per-second and fires APT ammunition with armour penetration of 45 mm at 500 meters and 31 mm at 1000 meters.
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The M62 is a Japanese gas operated automatic general purpose machine-gun adopted into service with the Japanese Self-Defence Force in 1962. The M62 is chambered for the 7.62 mm x 51 round which it takes from a disintegrating link belt feed and fires with a cyclic rate of 600 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 855 meters per second.
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The M72 LMG is a Yugoslavian gas operated selective fire light machine-gun of the FAZ family. The M72 LMG is chambered for the 7.62 mm x 39 cartridge which it takes from a 30-round curved box magazine and fires at a cyclic rate of between 600 and 650 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 745 meters per second to an effective range of 800 meters. The M72 LMG has a 540 mm long barrel and is fitted with a bipod, cylindrical post foresight and a leaf notch rearsight. The M72 LMG is an infantry squad level weapon designed for attacking both ground targets and aircraft at a height of up to 500 meters.
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The M73 Tank Machine-Gun was an American short recoil gas assisted automatic machine-gun designed for use as a coaxial machine-gun in tanks, but also capable of being removed and used outside of the vehicle. The M73 Tank Machine-Gun was chambered for the 7.62 mm x 51 cartridge which it took from a disintegrating link belt fed from either side and fired with a cyclic rate of between 500 and 625 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 854 meters per second to an effective range of 900 meters. The M73 Tank Machine-Gun had a 559 mm long barrel, and was not fitted with sights. In use the M73 Tank Machine-Gun proved unreliable, being prone to jamming and was replaced during the early 1980's.
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The M74 machine-gun is a Japanese gas-operated machine-gun derived from the M62 for use as a coaxial gun mounted in armoured vehicles and adopted into service in 1974. The M74 machine-gun is chambered for the 7.62 mm x 51 round which it takes from a M14 link belt and fires with a cyclic rate of between 700 and 1000 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 855 meters per second. The M74 machine-gun has a 625 mm long barrel and iron sights.
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The M85 AFV Machine-Gun is an American short recoil automatic machine-gun designed for use in AFVs either mounted coaxially or mounted in a cupola. The M85 AFV Machine-Gun is chambered for the .50 M2 cartridge which it takes from a disintegrating link belt and fires at a cyclic rate of either 400 or 1050 rounds per minute, selectable, with a muzzle velocity of 866 meters per second. The M85 AFV Machine-Gun has a 914 mm long barrel, no sights, and an effective range of 1000 meters.
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A machine pistol is a type of sub-machine-gun. Predominantly a pistol, the machine pistol can fire in automatic bursts, be fitted with a magazine with sufficient capacity for automatic bursts, and can be fitted with a butt for two-handed operation.
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A machine rifle is a rifle used as a light machine-gun. A machine rifle differs from a true light machine-gun in usually not having a detachable barrel, and differs from a standard rifle in being fitted with a heavier barrel to withstand the heat generated by bursts of automatic fire.
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A machine-gun is an automatically loaded and fired small arm, capable of delivering a continuous stream of fire under the operator's control. Machine-guns are generally divided into three types: sub-machine-gun, a small weapon capable of being carried and operated by a single operator and firing pistol ammunition; light machine-gun, a machine-gun capable of being carried and operated by a single person, larger than a sub-machine-gun and firing larger ammunition, the light machine-gun is usually fired while supported by a bipod or tripod; heavy machine-gun, a larger machine gun with a calibre generally of between 12.7 mm and 20 mm and which requires two or more operatives to carry and fire it.
Classic machine-guns throughout history include: Gatling gun, MG34, MG42, Sten, Bren, Uzi, Madsen Light Machine-gun, Browning Automatic Rifle, Browning M2AA, DShK and Degtyarev DP.
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The Madsen Light Machine-gun was a Danish light machine-gun produced from 1897 to 1955. It was the first practical light machine-gun, even though its mode of operation is theoretically impossible. The guns mechanism is a mechanised version of the Martini breech-block, and the cartridges travel in a curve during loading, which is theoretically impossible. It was adopted by the Danish marines during the 1890s and saw action with the Russians during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The Madsen light machine-gun was produced in various calibres between 6 mm and 8 mm and took a 25, 30 or 40 round overhead box magazine. It had a cyclic rate of fire of 450 rounds per minute and an effective range of 800 meters.
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The Madsen M50 (Model 50) is a Danish blowback operated sub-machine-gun. It takes a 9 mm Parabellum cartridge from a 32-round box. It has a cyclic rate of 550 rounds-per-minute and a muzzle velocity of 390 meters-per-second. The Madsen M50 had a folding stock and a 198 mm long barrel.
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The Madsen-Saetter is a Danish general purpose gas-operated machine-gun produced from 1952 to 1960 in 7.62 mm NATO calibre, and built under license in Indonesia. It was designed so that by changing the bolt and the barrel it could accommodate any calibre from 6 mm to 8 mm. It takes a belt feed and has an adjustable cyclic rate of fire of 650 to 1000 rounds per minute, and can take a tripod or bipod mounting. The Madsen-Saetter has a muzzle velocity of 838 meters per second and an effective range of 800 meters. It has a 564 mm long barrel and is fitted with a blade foresight and a tangent notch rearsight.
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The MAS AA-52 is a French gas-operated general purpose machine-gun introduced in 1952. The MAS AA-52 is chambered for the 7.5 mm M1929 cartridge, a variation is also produced for the 7.62 mm NATO cartridge, which it takes from a belt feed and fires with a cyclic rate of 700 or 900 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 840 meters per second. The MAS AA-52 has a 500 mm long standard barrel, or 600 mm long heavy barrel and a practical range of 800 with the light barrel or 1200 meters when fitted with the heavy barrel. The MAS AA-52 has a retractable butt, slit blade foresight and a leaf graduated rearsight.
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The MAS Model 38 is a French blowback operated sub-machine-gun produced from 1938 and on throughout the Second World War. The MAS Model 38 is chambered for the 7.65 mm Long cartridge which it takes from a 32-round box magazine. It has a 224 mm long barrel , a fixed stock and a cyclic rate of 600 rounds-per-minute and a muzzle velocity of 351 meters per second. The MAS Model 38 is accurate, but lacks penetration. Many MAS Model 38 sub-machine-guns were used in the French Indo-China campaign and were subsequently captured and used by the Vietcong during the Vietnam War. Some captured models were re-barrelled to take the Soviet 7.62 mm pistol cartridge.
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The MAT49 is a French blowback operated sub-machine-gun produced at the end of the 1940s and forming the standard French armed forces sub-machine-gun until replaced by the FAMAS assault rifle. The MAT49 is chambered for the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge which it takes from a 32-round box magazine and fires at a cyclic rate of 600 rounds-per-minute with a muzzle velocity of 354 meters-per-second. The MAT49 has a sliding wire stock and a 228 mm long barrel. Unusually, the MAT49 magazine housing can be pivoted forward in front of the trigger to lie underneath the barrel. The magazine can then be swung into the firing position by pressing a housing release button. The MAT49 has a hooded blade foresight and a flip, aperture rearsight marked at 100 and 200 meters.
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The Mauser BK 27 is a German 27 mm calibre gas-operated aircraft gun produced since 1977. It has a selectable rate of fire, usually 1000 or 1700 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 1025 meters-per-second.
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The Maxim gun was the first true machine-gun. It was invented by an American, Hiram C Maxim while he was living in England. The Maxim gun was a short-recoil water-cooled automatic machine-gun first used in the Matabele War of 1893. The British Maxim gun was chambered for the .303 Mk VII cartridge which it took from a 250-round fabric belt feed and fired at a cyclic rate of 600 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 744 meters per second to an effective range of 2000 meters. The Maxim gun had a 718 mm long barrel and was fitted with a blade foresight and a leaf notch rearsight. Maxim guns have been used by many armed forces, and during the Great War were employed by both the British and German forces.
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The Maxim 1910 was a Russian heavy machine-gun made under license from Maxim between 1905 and 1950. It was adopted by the Russian army in 1905, using a bronze water jacket changed for a corrugated jacket similar to the type used by the Vickers machine-gun in 1910. The Maxim 1910 was chambered for the 7.62 mm Soviet cartridge and had a rate of fire of 550 rounds-per-minute, fed from a 250-round cloth belt. It was generally mounted on a Sokolov wheeled mounting with the gun on a turntable.
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The Maxim MG'08 was a classic German recoil operated, water-cooled machine gun produced from 1908 to 1918, serving with the German army through the Great War and some seeing action at the start of the Second World War. The Maxim MG'08 was a heavy, reliable machine-gun able to sustain a rate of fire of 450 rounds per minute for long periods of time. It took the 7.92 mm Mauser cartridge from a 250-round cloth belt feed.
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The MD2A1 is a Brazilian sub-machine-gun produced from 1986 and designed to make use of as many components of the FN FAL rifle as possible. It is chambered for the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge which it takes from a 15 or 30 round box magazine and fires at a rate of 685 rounds per minute.
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A medium machine-gun is a machine-gun firing rifle calibre ammunition and capable of sustained automatic fire for long periods of time. Medium machine-guns are used in infantry support roles.
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Mendoza are a Mexican gun company. They have produced machine-guns for the Mexican army since 1933, and are noted for the light, cheap, but reliable weapons they produce. Their machine-guns use a gas cylinder system, and a bolt similar to that employed in the Lewis gun.
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The Mendoza RM2 is a Mexican gas operated selective fire light machine-gun produced by Productos Mendoza since 1965. It is chambered for the American .30 Service round which it takes from a 20-round box magazine and fires at a cyclic rate of 600 rounds per minute, though with no provision for changing the barrel sustained automatic fire is impractical. The Mendoza RM2 has a permanently attached bipod and a muzzle brake.
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The MG1 is a German general purpose machine-gun being the earlier MG42 produced for the 7.62 mm NATO cartridge by the German Army.
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The MG13 was a German light machine-gun produced from 1930 to 1935. It was chambered for the 7.92 mm Mauser cartridge which it took from a 75-round saddle drum magazine and fired at a rate of 650 rounds per minute. The MG13 went into service with the German army, but was withdrawn when the MG34 became available, they were then refurbished and sold to Portugal who used them until the 1950s.
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The MG15 nA was a German recoil-operated machine-gun produced by Bergmann from 1915 to 1918. It was originally water-cooled, but was modified by discarding the water jacket and replacing it with a perforated jacket to allow air-cooling. The MG15 nA was chambered for the 7.92 mm Mauser cartridge which it took from a 200-round belt and fired at a rate of 500 rounds per minute. The MG15 nA was issued to German troops on the Italian front in 1916 and remained in service until the early 1930s.
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The MG2 is a modified wartime MG42 adapted to fire the 7.62 mm NATO cartridge.
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The MG3 is a German general purpose machine-gun being the earlier MG42 (MG1 or MG2) further redesigned during 1968 to accept either the German belt or NATO disintegrating link belt, and later a 150 round belt drum magazine.
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The MG34 was a German short-recoil selective fire light machine-gun designed by Mauser-Werke as a dual purpose ground and anti-aircraft gun, and produced from 1934 to 1945. The MG45 took a 7.92 mm Mauser calibre round from a 50 round belt or a 75 round saddle drum magazine and had a cyclic rate of fire of 900 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 755 meters per second. The MG34 had a 629 mm long barrel and was fitted with a blade foresight and a leaf notch rearsight. It was introduced to the German army in 1936 and became their standard weapon until superseded by the MG42, though it remained in use around the world and was observed in action in the Lebanon in 1976.
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The MG42 was a German short recoil automatic light machine-gun. It was designed during the late 1930's by Mauser in response to a request from the German army for a replacement of the MG34 which retained all the advantages of the MG34 but was cheaper and easier to mass produce. The prototype of the new gun was produced in 1938 and was first seen in action in 1942. The MG42 took a 7.92 mm Mauser calibre round from a 50 round belt and had a cyclic rate of fire of 1200 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 820 meters per second. The MG42 was later reintroduced to the German Army when it was reformed in NATO 7.62 mm calibre during the 1950s as the MG1, MG2 and MG3.
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The MG81 was a German short recoil gas assisted light machine-gun developed during the Second World War for use in aircraft, a twin barrelled model the MG81Z with one common receiver and trigger also being produced. The MG81 was chambered for the 7.92 mm calibre cartridge, which owing to its lack of penetration resulted in the MG81 being removed from aircraft and instead used for airfield defence, installed on S-Boats for anti-aircraft defence and many being equipped with a shoulder stock for ground defence. The MG81 was fed by either a disintegrating link belt or 100-round continuous feed belt and firedw ith a cyclic rate of between 1200 and 1700 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 838 meters per second. The MG81 had a 475 mm long barrel and was fitted with a pillar foresight and a notch rearsight. It had an effective range of 800 meters.
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The MGP-87 is a Peruvian sub-machine-gun based on the earlier MGP-79A first introduced in 1979. The MGP-87 is chambered for the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge which it takes from a 20 or 32-round magazine interchangeable with the Uzi sub-machine-gun. The rate of fire is selectable for single shots or 800 rounds-per-minute fully automatic.
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The General Electric M134 Minigun is an American external power Gatling-type action automatic machine-gun designed for use in aircraft and helicopters during the Vietnam War. The General Electric M134 Minigun is chambered for the 7.62 mm x 51 cartridge which it takes from a belt feed and fires with a cyclic rate of between 300 and 6000 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 869 meters per second. The General Electric M134 Minigun has six barrels, rotated by a 28-volt electric motor and various sights depending upon its application.
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The Mitraillette Vigneron M2 was a Belgian blowback operated, selective fire sub-machine-gun adopted by the Belgian army in 1953 and the army of the Belgian Congo (later Zaire). The Mitraillette Vigneron M2 was chambered for the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge which it took from a 32-round box magazine. The Mitraillette Vigneron M2 had a cyclic rate of 620 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 381 meters per second. It had a 305 mm long barrel and a sliding steel wire butt. The Mitraillette Vigneron M2 was fitted with a blade foresight and an aperture rearsight set for 50 meters.
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The Mitrailleuse was a machine-gun introduced in France shortly before the Franco-German War of 1870-1871. It consisted of a number of rifled barrels, generally thirty-seven, and was mounted similarly to an ordinary field-piece.
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The MK-38 is an American single barrel, air cooled, semi- and fully-automatic, manually trained and elevated 25 mm calibre machine-gun system for naval vessels first produced in 1986. It has a range of 2457 meters and a rate of fire of either single shot or 175 rounds per minute.
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The Model 48 FBP was a Portuguese blowback operated automatic sub-machine-gun designed by Major Goncalves Cardoso from proven concepts from earlier sub-machine-guns, particularly the American US M3 sub-machine-gun. The Model 48 FBP was chambered for the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge which it took from a 32-round box magazine and fired at a cyclic rate of 500 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 390 meters per second. The Model 48 FBP had a 249 mm long barrel and was in service with the Portuguese Army prior to the late 1970's.
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The Model 59 GPMG (VZ-59) is a Czechoslovakian general purpose gas-operated machine-gun. The Model 59 GPMG is chambered for the 7.62 mm x 54R or 7.62 mm x 51 round which it takes from a belt feed and fires with a muzzle velocity of between 760 and 830 meters per second depending upon cartridge and whether a light or heavy barrel is fitted. The Model 59 GPMG has a cyclic rate of between 700 and 800 rounds per minute or 1000 rounds per minute when employed in an anti-aircraft role. The Model 59 GPMG has an effective range of 1000 meters used with a bipod, extending to 1500 meters when used with a tripod and a maximum range of 4800 meters. It is fitted with an adjustable pillar foresight and an adjustable V notch rearsight.
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The Model VII was an Indonesian blowback operated sub-machine-gun by the Bandung Arsenal and first produced in 1957. The Model VII was chambered for the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge which it took from a 33-round box magazine and fired with a cyclic rate of 600 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 381 meters per second. The Model VII had a retractable wire stock and a 274 mm long barrel.
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The Steyr-Solothurn MP34 was a German designed, Austrian made sub-machine gun manufactured from 1934 to 1939. It was used by the Austrian army, then by the German army and from 1942 by the Portuguese army for their Fiscal Guards until the late 1970s. The Steyr-Solothurn MP34 was chambered for the 9 x 23mm Steyr cartridge, a number were also made for the 9mm Parabellum, and took a 32 round magazine and had a rate of fire of 500 rounds per minute.
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The MP40 (popularly known as the Schmeisser, though it was designed and manufactured by Erma-Werke) was a German blowback operated sub-machine-gun which saw extensive use during the Second World War. It was developed from the MP38 originally as a parachutist's weapon, but its popularity led to it being issued to all infantry and tank crews. It takes a 9 mm Parabellum round from a 32-round box magazine (a double-magazine variant was produced in 1943, also). Its cyclic rate is between 450 and 540 rounds-per-minute, automatic fire only, operating in blowback operation, and it has a muzzle velocity of 381 meters-per-second. The MP40 was accurate to 200 meters.
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Abbreviations
Warfare
