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O-Toludine Hydrochloride is a crystalline, colourless to white sand like material used to make various dyes and colours fast to acids.
 Research O-Toludine Hydrochloride
In computing, Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) is an enhancement to dynamic data exchange, which makes it possible not only to include live data from one application in another application, but also to edit the data in the original application without leaving the application in which the data has been included.
Research Object Linking and Embedding
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a computer programming method based on 'objects', in which data are closely linked to the procedures that operate on them. For example, a circle on the screen might be an object: it has data, such as a centre point and a radius, as well as procedures for moving it, erasing it, changing its size, and so on. The technique was originated with the Simula and Smalltalk languages in the 1960s and early 1970s, but it has now been incorporated into many general-purpose programming languages, and forms the basis of the 'Visual' series of languages from Microsoft.
Research Object-Oriented Programming
In telecommunications, OC-48 is a fiber optic line capable of 2400 megabits per second (2,400,000K).
Research OC-48
Occlusion is the property possessed by certain solids, notably some metals, of retaining gases either within the solid or on the surface. There is no chemical combination in the accepted sense.
Research Occlusion
In astronomy, occultation is the temporary obscuring of a star by a body in the solar system.
Occultations are used to provide information about changes in an orbit, and the structure of objects in space, such as radio sources. The exact shapes and sizes of planets and asteroids can be found when they occult stars. The rings of Uranus were discovered when that planet occulted a star in 1977.
Research Occultation
Oceanography is the branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, geological, and biological features of the oceans and ocean basins.
Research Oceanography
Ochre is a yellow earth pigment derived from sands and clays found around the world, consisting of a mixture of silica, alumina, and hydrated iron oxide. Ochre has been used as a pigment since the earliest times and produces a brownish yellow, stable stain which is fast to light.
Research Ochre
An octagon is an eight-sided polygon.
Research Octagon
An octahedron is a regular solid comprised of eight equilateral triangles.
Research Octahedron
Octyl gallate (n-octyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a white to creamy-white coloured, odourless solid, insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and in fat, with a slightly bitter taste, used as an anti-oxidant in processed foods.
Research Octyl Gallate
Office Manager is a computer program for the PC, providing office management software designed for use at the front desk in small business and home offices. It features an appointments system that services up to eight consultants per book, a client details database, and a simplified billing system that will satisfy the needs of most small businesses.
Research Office Manager
The ohm is the SI unit of electrical resistance. It was originally defined with reference to the resistance of a column of mercury, but is now taken as the resistance between two points when a potential difference of one volt between them produces a current of one ampere.
Research Ohm
Ohm's law is that the steady current in a metal circuit is directly proportional to the constant total electromotive force in the circuit, that is e/i = r
Research Ohm's law
Oil is a large group of viscid liquids which have a characteristic smooth and sticky feel, are lighter than water, are inflammable and chemically neutral.
Research Oil
Oil of Ben is the expressed oil of the ben-nut, the seed of Moringa, pterygosperma, the ben or horse-radish tree of India. The oil is inodorous, does not become rancid for many years, and is used by perfumers and watchmakers.
Research Oil of Ben
Olefines are unsaturated hydrocarbons of the aliphatic series. They resemble the parafins but chemically they are more reactive. Methylene is an example of a very reactive olefine.
Research Olefines
Oleic acid is a colourless, odourless liquid unsaturated acid with the formulae C18H34O2. It is obtained from animal tallow and natural vegetable oils (olive oil) in which it occurs as the glycerol ester. It is chiefly used in the manufacture of soap, commercial oleates and cosmetics where it is used as a moisturiser.
Research Oleic acid
Omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) is a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish oil, and first discovered during the 1970s. The family also includes eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acids play an important role as structural membrane lipids, particularly in nerve tissue and the retina, and a deficiency of them in the diet is known to cause depression, anxiety and increase aggression in individuals.
Research Omega-3
In physics, an omega-minus particle is a baryon with strangeness -3, isotopic spin 0, and negative charge.
Research Omega-minus particle
OmniPage by the Caere Corporation is an optical character recognition program capable of reading documents into a Macintosh II or Macintosh SE or PC running Windows in word processing or TIFF format. OmniPage augments desktop publishing systems by solving the input side of the desktop publishing, just as desktop publishing programs and laser printers solve the output side. OmniPage scans in documents and the results appear in a file for editing. This file can be preset as a text file, a text file without returns, a MacWrite file (essentially unformatted), or an Excel- compatible (tab-delimited) file, which can be read by most spreadsheet and database programs. Additional file formats include WordPerfect and Microsoft Word. Characters that cannot be read are replaced with the tilde (~) character. You can then edit the scanned text in your favourite application or using the programs Transitional Editor. On average, OmniPage scans with an accuracy of 95% or better. The product removes graphics so they do not interfere with
text scanning. The graphics can be scanned into a separate graphics file. OmniPage lets users choose only paragraphs they want, and allows resequencing them before recognition takes place, saving editing time. OmniDraft recognizes 8- or 9-pin dot-matrix draft text. OmniSpell is an internal spellchecker, which corrects typical optical errors such as a '5' in place of an 'S' or a 'cl' in place of a 'd.'
Research Omni Page
Omnibus (Latin for 'for all') is the old term for a bus (public passenger carrying vehicle). The concept of a public conveyance of this nature is due to Pascal of Paris in 1662, and the name to Baudry of Nantes who came up with it in 1827. The first modern bus to make regular journeys was first introduced in Paris in 1828 and introduced to London by George Shillibeer in 1829 when one carrying twenty-two passengers ran from Paddington to the Bank, charging a fare of one shilling. The original London Omnibus was a single-decker coach drawn by three horses arranged side-by-side. In 1832 the Stagecoach Act was passed, allowing passengers to be taken up and put down in the streets, and numerous types of omnibus appeared.
Research Omnibus
Omnis 5 is a relational database package designed to be run under MS Windows. This is a database package designed to make the most of the graphical Front end using Windows and allows you to create applications using a graphical interface to make things easier to use for the end user. Within the package you can design various datatabases and then using the applications generator you can create a front end for this database using pictures and icons and you also have full access to all the fonts that windows can handle. Alternatively you may use the programming language that comes with this package to write the applications yourself. Omnis 5 is compatible with Omnis running on the Apple Mac so it is possible to create applications under the Mac version then use it on the PC and vice versa. You may also run the two versions over a network and have the version running the same application on the network sharing common data. There is also a feature within Omnis to access CL/1 SQL server to incorporate SQL functions within an application. Omnis 5 is suited
to developers wanting to develop relational database applications with a graphical front end. Also a good use for this package is developing multi user applications to bridge between Mac and PC.
Research Omnis 5.0
Omnis Quartz is a database manager operating within the Windows environment. This environment uses pull-down menus, scaleable fonts, scrollable lists, dialog boxes, overlapping windows and most of the other elements common to this graphical interface. These elements are used to make selections, assemble sequences of commands from the set of Quartz programming commands and functions and to define the look and functions of the database application, when completed. End-users will interact with database applications through layout windows. While the number of windows in a layout cannot be greater than twelve, multiple windows may be opened at once. Only the uppermost window is active and available for data entry. Layout windows can hold a maximum of 120 fields from up to twelve files, with files being opened when a layout is chosen for data entry. With most databases, any programming instructions are usually held separately, often as text files.
Omnis Quartz stores the programming instructions - the sequences - as part of the menu structure. A sequence of commands can be associated with every menu line - sequences can be up to 5K long with a storage limit of 30K for each menu. Each of the menu lines has a number and can also be assigned a name to appear on the menu line. When 'writing' an application, a window opens to show the sequences associated with each line of the menu. Sequences may be called by other sequences or accessed from push buttons or menu choices on entry layouts. Quartz comes into its own for turnkey applications where the advantages of the Windows interface can be fully exploited.
Research Omnis Quartz
An ondograph is an instrument for graphically recording oscillatory variations, as in alternating current.
Research Ondograph
Onomatology is the science of names and their classification.
Research Onomatology
Ontology is the department of the science of metaphysics which investigates and seeks to explain the nature and essential properties and relations of all beings, and the principles and causes of being.
Research Ontology
Oology is the science of birds eggs in relation to their colouring, size, shape, and number. The term also describes the hobby of collecting eggs.
Research Oology
An opeidoscope was an instrument, consisting of a tube having one end open and the other end covered with a thin flexible membrance to the center of which was attached a small mirror. It was used for displaying on a projection screen the vibratory motions caused by sounds produced at the open end of the tube - such as talking or singing - which it did by means of light reflected from the mirror.
Research Opeidoscope
In electronics, an open ciruit is a conducting circuit which is incomplete, or is interrupted at some point.
Research Open Circuit
The open-hearth process is a process for making steel invented by Siemens and Martin, in which melted cast iron is converted into steel by the addition of wrought iron, or iron ore and manganese, and by exposure to heat in an open-hearth furnace. It is also called the Siemens-Martin process, after the inventors of the process.
Research Open-hearth Process
An operameter was an instrument or machine for measuring the number of rotations made by a machine or wheel in the manufacturing cloth.
Research Operameter
In mathematics, an operand is the symbol, quantity, or thing upon which a mathematical operation is performed.
Research Operand
In computing, an operating system (OS) is the foundation software of a machine that schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user between applications.
Research Operating System
Operation Sundevil was a two year investigation into alleged illegal computer hacking activities by Secret Service agents and state and local law enforcement officials in the USA during 1988 to 1990. Federal search warrants were executed in Chicago, Cincinnati, Ohio, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, New York, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Plano, Richmond, San Diego and San Jose. The United States Secret Service, in co-operation with the United States Attorney's Office, and the Attorney General for the State of Arizona, established an operation utilizing sophisticated investigative techniques, targeting computer hackers who were alleged to have trafficked in and abuse stolen credit card numbers, unauthorized long distance dialing codes, and who conduct unauthorized access and damage to computers. The total amount of losses was estimated at millions of dollars, comprised of for example, the unauthorized accessing of long distance telephone cards that resulted in uncollectible charges and the use of stolen credit card numbers enabling individuals to
utilise the charge accounts to purchase items for which no payment was made.
Research Operation Sundevil
In electronics, operational amplifier (Op Amp) is a generic term for a DC amplifier. The term was first coined for the DC amplifiers used in analogue computers, and was adopted by the electronics industry for all DC amplifiers.
Research Operational Amplifier
In mathematics, an operator is the symbol that expresses the operation to be performed upon an operand.
Research Operator
Ophiology is that part of natural history which deals with the study of ophidians (snakes).
Research Ophiology
An ophthalmometer is an instrument invented by Helmholtz for measuring the size of a reflected image on the convex surface of the cornea and lens of the eye, from which their curvature can be ascertained.
Research Ophthalmometer
An ophthalmoscope is an instrument used for viewing the interior of the eye, particularly the retina. Light is thrown into the eye by a mirror (usually concave) and the interior is then examined with or without the aid of a lens.
Research Ophthalmoscope
An opisometer is an instrument with a revolving wheel used for measuring a curved line, such as on a map.
Research Opisometer
Optex International are a British company established in 1969 which produce and distribute boradcast video and film equipment including covert surveillance cameras and image intensifiers.
Research Optex
In the days when CD ROMs were expensive, companies with a NetBIOS compatible network and a CD ROM application could provide up to 100 network users simultaneous access to one CD ROM drive with Opti- Net. Opti-Net was installed on a network workstation and not on a network file server, so there was no speed degradation of the network. The product was installed as a dedicated CD ROM server or run as a TSR, with other applications running simultaneously. Opti-Net supported up to 32 CD ROM drives attached to the CD ROM server. Each CD ROM drive was accessed as a separate local drive.
Research Opti-Net
Optical Projection is a method of producing on a screen a magnified illuminated image of a small
transparent picture. The picture was usually a photographic positive on a glass or later plastic (acetate) 'slide,' which could be slipped into position in the path of a beam of light focused on
to the screen. The source of light was originally a lime light, later an electric light. The rays were projected through a powerful lens or system of lenses known as the condenser, and as they converge they are received by a second system of lenses, the relative positions of which may be altered to suit the distance and size of the screen. Movies at the cinema use the principle of optical projection and the popular 'over head projector' did also before it was largely replaced by computerised systems by the start of the 21st century.
Research Optical Projection
The optophone is an instrument invented by Fournier d'Albe, by means of which the letters of ordinary print are caused to produce characteristic musical sounds by being projected optically on to a screen composed of a number of selnium cells connected to an AC electrical source of audio frequency, and to a loud speaker, thereby enabling the blind to read printed matter by ear.
Research Optophone
Orange chrome is an ornage pigment made by treating lead chromate with caustic soda or quicklime.
Research Orange Chrome
Orange lead (orange mineral) is an ornage pigment manufactured by oxidising white lead.
Research Orange Lead
An orbit is the path or trajectory of a body through space. A force of attraction or repulsion from a second body usually causes the path to be curved. A familiar type of orbit occurs when one body revolves around a second, strongly attracting body. In the solar system the force of gravity causes the moon to orbit about the earth and the planets to orbit about the sun, whereas in an atom electrical forces cause electrons to orbit about the nucleus. In astronomy, the
orbits resulting from gravitational forces are the subject of the scientific field of celestial mechanics.
Research Orbit
An orbital sander is a machine for the rubbing down of flat surfaces. The sanding face consists of a felt covered platform about 18 cm by 7 cm, to which a waterproof abrasive paper is clipped. When in action the platform moves with a circular motion in immitation of the movement of a hand in manual rubbing down.
Research Orbital Sander
Org Plus is a computer flow charter program with a single purpose - to help you draw up and manage the personnel structure within your organisation. Because it is dedicated to a single job, Org Plus offers a range of options that other more generalist charting software can't.
Research Org Plus
In chemistry, the term organic refers to substances which occur naturally as constituents of organised bodies.
Research Organic
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry in which carbon compounds and their reactions are studied. A wide variety of classes of substances-such as drugs, vitamins, plastics, natural and synthetic fibres, as well as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats-consist of organic molecules. Organic chemists determine the structures of organic molecules, study their various reactions, and develop procedures for the synthesis of organic compounds. Organic chemistry has had a profound effect on life in the 20th century: It has improved natural materials and it has synthesised natural and artificial materials that have, in turn, improved health, increased comfort, and added to the convenience of nearly every product manufactured today. The advent of
organic chemistry is often associated with the discovery in 1828 by the German chemist Friedrich Wohler that the inorganic, or mineral, substance called ammonium cyanate could be converted in the laboratory to urea, an organic substance found in the urine of many animals. Before this discovery, chemists thought that intervention by a so-called life force was necessary for the synthesis of organic substances. Friedrich Wohler's experiment broke down the barrier between inorganic and organic substances. Modern chemists consider organic compounds to be those containing carbon and one or more other elements, most often hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, or the halogens, but sometimes others as well.
Research Organic Chemistry
The Organized Crime Information Systems (OCIS) is an American FBI computer system started in 1980 in Detroit, Michigan and allows agents in different field offices to share and analyze information collected in each other' s areas. This system was used to identify some of the United States citizens who were released from Cuban prisons in 1984 that had criminal histories in the United States. An OCIS link was later opened in Rome, where it is used to support drug investigations. The OCIS system was used in the major Sicilian mafia heroin investigation, commonly referred to as 'The Pizza Connection'. According to Webster, 'OCIS support ranged from direct assistance in collating information for Title III court-authorized wiretaps to the analysis of the case for grand jury presentation.'
Research Organized Crime Information Systems
OrgPlus Advanced by Banner Blue offers an easy way to create organisation charts with your PC. The program reduces the time it takes to create and maintain data for organization charts and helps keep your organisation chart up-to-date. To create a chart, you begin with the top level and work down. You can enter names, titles, and comments for each entry, and then define further branching entries. The product automatically draws and spaces boxes, centres text, and lays out the connecting lines. There are seven chart styles and eight box styles to choose from. Each box can contain a name, title, four comments, and six amount fields. You can customise charts on-screen and print sideways without additional software. The product lets you create organisation charts with up to 600 positions, if you have sufficient memory. After OrgPlus Advanced automatically draws your chart, you can electronically cut and paste it on the screen. Features include the ability to draw vertical and horizontal lines, enhance text with bold, underline, or italics,
add boxes and notes anywhere on a chart, make chart titles larger, and move, copy, or delete blocks of information.
Research OrgPlus Advanced
Oriental lacquer is a thick, milky emulsion obtained from the sap of the Rhus vernicifera tree which is native to China. The emulsion is heated to purify it and forms a natural lacquer which will dry readily in a dark, cool and damp environment, but which will remain tacky indefinitely if exposed to light and warmth.
Research Oriental Lacquer
Ormolu is an alloy of brass used in making candlesticks, small statues and other articles. The composition is generally 58 per cent copper, 26 per cent zinc and 16 per cent tin.
Research Ormolu
An orrery is a machine for demonstrating the motions of the solar system. It was probably invented by George Graham in the 18th century, and one was certainly constructed by John Rowley in 1715 for Charles Boyle, the fourth Earl of Orrery after whom Sir Richard Steele named the apparatus.
Research Orrery
Orris root is the powdered root of Iris florentina, the common white flowered iris. It was used in making perfume before the advent of synthetic scents.
Research Orris Root
An orthicon is a form of television camera tube in which the optical image to be transmitted is projected on a photo-sensitive mosaic on the far side of a transparent signal plate, a charge pattern thus being produced on the mosaic.
Research Orthicon
Ortho-Toluidine is a form of toluidine used in the manufacture of rosaniline.
Research Ortho-Toluidine
Orthography is the science of spelling. The term is also applied to correct spelling, and to particular modes or systems of spelling.
Research Orthography
OS/2 was the anointed successor to MS-DOS for Intel 286 and 386 based micros. Some say it was proof that IBM/Microsoft couldn't get it right the second time, either. On January the 28th, 1991, Microsoft announced that it was dropping its OS/2 development to concentrate on Windows, leaving
OS/2 entirely in the hands of IBM.
Research OS/2
An oscillograph is an instrument that records, on paper or film, wave patterns that are equivalent to the oscillations of an electric voltage, or that converts mechanical oscillations into an equivalent electric current before recording them on paper or film in the form of wave patterns. The electromechanical type of oscillograph consists in principle of a galvanometer to which is attached an apparatus that records the movements of the galvanometer coil. The recording apparatus may consist of a mirror that reflects a beam of light from the moving coil upon a photographic film moving at a fixed rate, or it may be a lightweight pen or stylus connected to the coil that writes on a moving paper chart. The recordings are called oscillograms. Electromechanical oscillographs are limited to recording oscillations having not much more than 500 Hz. The electrocardiograph is an electromechanical oscillograph that records the electric currents produced by a beating heart.
Research Oscillograph
An oscilloscope is an electronic instrument that records changes in the voltage of an electric or electronic circuit by a trace of light on the face of a cathode-ray tube (CRT).
Oscilloscopes are widely used throughout industry and in scientific laboratories to test and adjust electronic equipment and to follow extremely rapid oscillations in electric voltages; the
oscilloscope is capable of following changes that occur within several billionths of a second. Special converters attached to an oscilloscope can convert mechanical vibrations, sound waves, and other forms of oscillatory motion into electrical impulses that can be observed on the face of the CRT.
Research Oscilloscope
Osmiridium (iridosmine) is a naturally occurring alloy of osmium and iridium.
Research Osmiridium
Osmium is a blue-white metal element of the platinum group, with the symbol Os. It is volatile and very poisonous. It is a very hard and one of the heaviest of known metals. It is obtained from certain sands of South America, California, Australia, and Russia. The alloy of osmium and iridium (osmiridium) provides long-wearing tips for gold fountain-pen nibs.
Research Osmium
In chemistry, osmosis is the passage of fluid from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane. A solution exerts osmotic pressure (O.P.) or suction in proportion to concentration but also depending on the kind of dissolved substance. The roots of the higher plants are covered with fine root-hairs, within the cell-walls of which the sap is normally of a higher concentration than the dissolved matter in the surrounding soil. The root-hairs, therefore, draw into themselves these weaker salt-solutions.
Research Osmosis
Otis is the world's largest manufacturer of elevators (lifts).
Research Otis
Outlook Express is Microsoft's e-mail computer program for the Windows operating system. It is the e- mail client that is included with standard or full installations of Internet Explorer 4.0 and later releases.
Research Outlook Express
In audio engineering over-sampling is when the input analog signal is sampled at a much higher rate than the normal sampling rate. Using the high sample rate, the digital data may be processed with a very steep slope digital filter. As the filter is in the digital domain, unpleasant side-effects, such as phase effects are eliminated.
Research Over-sampling
In clock and watch making an overcoil is a fixed end of a spiral hairspring, consisting of an upwardly and inwardly bent continuation of the outermost coil of the spring and used to offset the asymmetry of the common spiral spring when tight, which impairs isochronism.
Research Overcoil
Oxalic acid (acid of sugar) is a poison found in various plants including rhubarb and wood sorrel. It is used in calico-printing, for cleaning brass, bleaching wood and for removing stains.
Research Oxalic Acid
Oxford ochre is a soft, transparent ochre with a peculiar brownish-yellow tone that was formerly found in the ironstone deposits of Oxfordshire, England.
Research Oxford Ochre
Oxidation is the chemical combination of atoms with oxygen atoms to form oxides. In metals, the process appears as rust, iron rust being iron oxide, a molecule formed of iron atoms combined with oxygen atoms.
Research Oxidation
In chemistry, an oxide is a compound of oxygen and some other element.
Research Oxide
The term oxidise refers to the chemical reaction of oxidation.
Research Oxidise
Oxygen is an element that is found free as a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas in the atmosphere, of which it constitutes 21%. It is found in water, most rocksand minerals, and in numerous compounds; it is capable of combining with all of the elements, except for the inert gases; it is active in physiological processes and especially in combustive processes. It has the symbol O.
Research Oxygen
Oxyquinoline (carbostyril) is hydroxy quinoline; a phenol derivative of quinoline.
Research Oxyquinoline
In chemistry, the term oxysalt is applied to a salt of an oxyacid, as a sulphate.
Research Oxysalt
Ozone is a blue gas. The molecules are comprised of three oxygen atoms.
Research Ozone
In chemsitry, the term ozonize means to convert into ozone or to treat with ozone.
Research Ozonize
In chemistry, an ozonizer is an apparatus or agent used for the production or application of ozone.
Research Ozonizer
An ozonometer is an instrument used for ascertaining the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, or in any gaseous mixture.
Research Ozonometer
In chemistry, ozonometry is the measurement or determination of the quantity of ozone.
Research Ozonometry
A ozonoscvope is an apparatus employed to indicate the presence, or the amount, of ozone.
Research Ozonoscope
In chemistry, the term ozonoscopic refers to some substance which serves to indicate the presence or the amount of ozone.
Research Ozonoscopic
In chemistry, the term ozonous refers to something containing ozone.
Research Ozonous
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Abbreviations
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