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Habit refers to the physical form of a crystal. It's determined by the shape and relative proportions of the crystal faces.
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In geology a hade is the deviation of a fault plane from the vertical. The direction of the hade is the direction toward which the fault plane descends from an intersecting vertical line.
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Haidingerite is a mineral consisting chiefly of the arsenate of lime.
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Hair-salt is a variety of native Epsom salts occurring in silky fibres.
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Halides refers to a group of minerals that are mostly compounds of halogen elements (bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine). Ex: halite, fluorite.
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Halite (common salt) is a mineral found in lustreless cubic crystals. It has the formulae NaCl and a relative hardness of 3.
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Hallyoysite, named after Omalius d'Halloy, is a claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish colour.
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The Hamilton period is a subdivision of the Devonian system of America. It is so named from Hamilton, Madison County, New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups.
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Hard-pan is the name given to the stratum of sand or gravel, hardened, usually by iron oxide, which is found at a depth of between 25 and 100 cm in arenaceous formations such as the Bagshot sands.
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Hardness refers to the resistance of a smooth surface of a rock or mineral to scratching. It is determined by the binding force of atoms within the crystal structure and is measured according to Moh's ten division scale of
hardness, ranging from 1 the softest, to 10 the hardest: 1) talc 2) gypsum 3) calcite 4) fluorite 5) apatite 6) orthoclase 7) quartz 8) topaz 9) corundum 10) diamond.
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The Harlech group is a minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales.
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Harmotome is a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross- stone. It has the formulae (Ba,K)(Al,Si) 2Si6O16ù6H20 and a relative hardness of 5. It occurs mostly in volcanic rocks, especially basalt. A related mineral, called lime harmotome, and Phillipsite, contains lime in place of baryta.
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Hastings sands is the lower group of the Wealden formation. It is so called from its development around Hastings, in Sussex, England.
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Hatchettine, named after its discoverer, Charles Hatchett is a mineral tallow. It is a waxy or spermaceti-like substance, commonly of a greenish yellow colour.
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Hauerite, named after Von Hauer, is a native sulphide of manganese, a reddish brown or brownish black mineral.
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Hausmannite is an ore of manganese. It has the formulae Mn2O4 and a relative hardness of 6.
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Hauyne has the formulae (Na,Ca)4-8(Al6Si6)O24(SO4,S)1-2. It has a relative hardness of 6. It is of interest to collectors. Occurs in igneous and volcanic rocks.
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In geology, a heave is a horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.
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Hedenbergite is a green or black coloured rock-forming mineral found in contact metamorphic rocks such as skarn, and also in certain igneous rocks and ore bodies. Hedenbergite was named by the Swedish chemist Johan Berzelius after his colleague Ludvig Hedenberg. Hedenbergite is a pyroxene containing iron and calcium. Crystals are rare, but those which do occur appear in short prisms with square cross-sections.
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A helminthite is one of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly called worm trails.
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Helvine is a mineral of a yellowish colour, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.
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Hemachate is a species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper.
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It is the most abundant and important ore or iron. Has been found in enormous deposits in the United States and elsewhere. Many samples are soft as the hematite is sedimentary or weathered iron oxide and the true hardness is not being measured. Hematite has the formulae Fe2O3 and a relative hardness of 7.
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Hemimorphite has the formulae Zn4Si2O7(OH)2ùH2O. It has a relative hardness of 5. It is an ore of zinc. Found in the oxidized regions of zinc deposits.
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Hepatite is a variety of barite. It emits a feted odour when rubbed or heated.
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Herderite, named after its discoverer Baron von Herder, is a rare fluophosphate of glucina, occurring in small white crystals.
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Heulandite, named after the English mineralogist Heuland, is a mineral of the Zeolite family, often occurring in amygdaloid, in foliated masses, and also in monoclinic crystals with pearly lustre on the cleavage face. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime with the formulae (Na,Ca)4- 6Al6(Al, Si) 4Si26O72ù24H2O and a relative hardness of 4. It is found in the cavities of basic igneous rocks.
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Hiddenite, named after W. E. Hidden, is an emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina and used a gem stone.
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Hisingerite, named after the Swedish mineralogist W. Hisinger, is a soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous silicate of iron.
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In geology a hitch is a small dislocation of a bed or vein.
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Holosiderite is a meteorite consisting of metallic iron without stony matter.
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Homilite is a borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and composition.
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Hopeite, named after Professor Hope, of Edinburgh, is a hydrous phosphate of zinc occurring in transparent prismatic crystals.
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Horn mercury is a mineral chloride of mercury, having a semi translucent, hornlike appearance.
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Horn quicksilver is a native calomel, or bichloride of mercury.
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Horn Silver is a native chloride of silver, so called because when fused it assumes a horny appearance.
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Hornblende is a common member of the amphibole group. It can be told from pyroxene by cleavage and is found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. It has the formulae (Ca,Na)2-3(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Al,Si)8O22(OH) 2 and a relative hardness of 6.
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Hornfels is a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly from sedimentary rocks and volcanic tuff in zones of contact metamorphism surrounding igneous intrusions, especially granitic masses, at high temperature and extremely high pressures often at great depths within the Earth's crust. Various varieties of
hornfels occur, chiastolite hornfels are grey or brown in colour and contain mica and quartz together with andalusite and cordierite. Garnet hornfels is generally dark coloured with reddish patches and contains crystals of garnet, mica, quartz and feldspar.
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A hornito is a low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke and vapours from its sides and summit.
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Hortonite, named after a Mr Horton, is a variety of pyroxene, of which it is a steatic pseudomorph. Hortonite is found in Orange County, New York with chrondrodite.
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Houghite, named after Dr Franklin B Hough of Somerville, New York, is a variety of Hydrotalcite found in St Lawrence county, New York.
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Hubnerite is a yellow to reddish brown mineral found in metal-bearing veins.
Hubnerite was identified in 1865 and named after Adolph Hubner, a German metallurgist, who first analysed it. Hubnerite is a member of the wolframite series, the mineral gradually has its manganese atoms replaced by iron until it becomes wolframite. Hubnerite has a relative hardness of 4.5.
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Humite, named after the English mineralogist Sir Abraham Hume, is a fairly rare mineral of a transparent vitreous brown colour, found in the ejected masses of Vesuvius and in hydrothermal veins. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing fluorine. Humite was confirmed as a distinct species of mineral in 1813.
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Hyacinth is a red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem stone.
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Hyalite (Muller's glass) is a clear, glassy variety of opal, never opalescent though often faintly iridescent.
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Hyalophane is a species of the feldspar group containing barium.
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Hydromagnesite is a hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, earthy, amorphous masses.
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Hydromica is a variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.
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A hydromica schist is a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky lustre and almost soapy feel.
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Hydrophane is a porous, translucent opal, which on being placed in water becomes nearly transparent as the water is absorbed into the pores.
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Hydrotalcite is a hexagonal, massive, foliated, fibrous white translucent mineral of pearly lustre and a greasy feel composed of aluminium, magnesia and water. It is found in serpentine.
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Hydrothermal refers to the alteration of minerals or rocks by super-heated mineral rich fluids, usually water, within a crystallizing magma.
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Hydrozincite (zinc bloom) is a hydrous carbonate of zinc, usually occurring in white earthy incrustations mainly in deposits associated with smithsonite and occurs as a result of the oxidation of zinc bearing minerals. A major ore of zinc if found in economic quantities. It has the formulae Zn5(CO3) 2(OH)6 and a relative hardness of 3.
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Hypersthene is an orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a greyish or greenish black colour, often with a peculiar bronze like lustre (schiller) on the cleavage surface.
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In geology, the term hypogene describes rocks formed or crystallized at depths beneath the earth's surface. It is said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks.
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Abbreviations
Rocks & Minerals
