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The tael was a Chinese weight unit of account. A tael of silver was made the standard monetary unit, nominally equivalent to 10 mace of ten candareens each, or 1000 copper cash. The tael was never used as an actual coin, but rather to weigh silver ingots.
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A tail-bar is a variety of 1890-CC silver dollar that has a raised die line or bar from the eagle's tail to the wreath.
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The taille was a form of income tax imposed on unprivileged classes, especially peasant farmers, in France by the king. The tax was levied in those provinces that were 'pays d'election' but not in those provinces that were 'pay d'etat'. The tax was considered unjust and was abolished by the French Revolution.
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The Taka is a unit of currency used in Bangladesh. There are 100 Paisas in one Taka.
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the Talari or Menelek dollar, was an Abyssinian silver coin first coined in 1894. The Talari was equivalent to sixteen silver piastres and was also coined in fractional pieces.
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A talent was an ancient Jewish monetary unit comprised of 3000 shekels. In ancient Greece, the talent was a unit of currency equivalent to 600 drachma.
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Tallage was a Norman tax imposed on the towns and demesne lands of the crown in England by the king, in practice being a tax on all English boroughs. It was last levied in 1332 and abolished in 1340.
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Originally, a tally was a piece of wood scored across with notches representing an amount of debt or payment. The wood was then split in half lengthways and each party kept half. An early document records the manner of using a tally thus: 'Let a hazel stick have cut transversely into it as many notches as there are figures to be recorded. To distinguish 1d, 1s, 1 pound, or any multiple thereof, the notches are cut of different breadths. Let the stick then split down the middle through all the notches. One half of the stick is then held by one party to the transaction, the corresponding half by the other.' Tallies were used by the British Exchequer until 1826.
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The tally system was a forerunner of hire-purchase and modern credit agreements. It was a mode of dealing practised in London around 1900 by which customers were supplied with articles, mostly drapery, furniture or hardware, on credit under agreement to pay the stipulated price by fixed instalments weekly or monthly. The tally system evolved into the easy hire system, which in turn became hire-purchase.
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The Tambala (cockerel) is a unit of currency in Malawi. 100 tambala equal one Kwacha.
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Tanistry was an ancient form of land tenure and succession prevalent among the Celtic peoples. The tanist was a holder of lands or honours for his life only, his successor being chosen by the adult males of the tribe or clan from among his blood relatives, generally before his death. Tanistry was declared illegal in 1604.
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In merchandising, tare is the weight of any packaging of a merchandisable item. When this is deducted from the weight of the item, what is left is the net weight.
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A tariff is a list of articles upon which duties are charged when exported or imported.
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A taximeter is an apparatus by means of which the legal fare is calculated and shown to the hirer of a taxi. The mechanical taximeter was invented by A Gruner of Magdeburg in 1895 and operated on the basic principal that for any complete revolution of a vehicle's wheel, the vehicle has travelled a certain distance. Gruner's taximeter linked to the vehicle's wheels and measured revolutions over time, and allowed five different tariffs by changing the gearing ratio to the taxi's wheels.
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Teinds were a Scottish tithe where by one tenth of the produce of the land was claimed by the clergy.
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Ten-Forties were bonds bearing five per cent interest, redeemable at any time after ten years from the date of issue, and payable in full at the end of forty years, issued by the US Government in 1864.
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The Tenge is the currency of Kazakhstan.
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A tessera was a Greek or Roman small tablet (of wood or Ivory) used as a token or tally.
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The tetradrachmon was an ancient Greek coin equal to four drachma.
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The thaler was a German silver coin, first struck at Joachimsthal, Bohemia bout 1519, worth about three shillings sterling, and until 1873, when it was superseded by the mark, the currency of Germany. The thaler was divided into thirty silbergroschen, each of twelve pfennigs. From the name thaler derives the word dollar.
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Thatcher is the nick-name given to the British one pound coin, because 'it's thick brassy and thinks its a sovereign'.
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Thirlage is a servitude, once very common in Scotland, under which the possessors of certain lands were 'thirled', thralled, or astricted to carry the grain produced on those lands to a certain mill, and to pay, by way of ' multure' a certain proportion of the grain ground towards the expense of the erection and maintenance of the mill.
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The thistle-crown was a Scottish gold coin minted during the reign of James VI (James I of England), of the value 4s. It bore on the obverse a rose, and on its reverse a thistle, both crowned.
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The Three-Cent Piece was an American silver coin issued in 1851, having been authorized the same year. Its weight was 12.375 grains. In 1853 its weight was changed to 11.52 graons. The coinage was discontinued by an Act of Congress of 1873. This coin was a legal tender to the amount of thirty cents. Nickel three-cent pieces began to be coined in 1865.
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The Three-Dollar Piece was an American gold coin, authorized in 1853 and first coined in 1854.
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The three-legger is a variety of 1937-D Buffalo Nickel. After one set of dies clashed together damaging themselves, the mint technician accidentally ground off the buffalo's foreleg when he tried to repair it. While easy to counterfeit, the three-legged Buffalo when genuine displays a moth-eaten appearance on the hindquarters of the beast, and a thin dappled line resembling urine descending in an arc from the belly.
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Threes is slang for a three-dollar gold piece.
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The thrip is an American three-cent piece, employed as early as the late 1800s. The term was possibly first used to describe the silver three-cent pieces, for when the nickel three-cent pieces arrived in 1865, these latter were called nickels.
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Ticket Day, also known as name day, was the second of the three days of the settlement on the London Stock Exchange. Ticket Day was the day on which , preliminary to the pay day that followed, tickets giving details of the transactions which required to be settled, were exchanged.
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A tidesman (tidewaiter) was a custom-house official who attended ships to prevent breaches of revenue laws. The tidesman was responsible for watching the landing of goods and securing the payment of customs. The post had become obsolete by 1900.
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A time bargain is a Stock Exchange contract for the sale of a certain amount of stock or number of shares on a future day at a fixed price, i.e. not the market price of the future day. Such bargains are effectively bets on the rise and fall of prices.
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The Tippling Act of 1751 decreed that no debt under twenty shillings for spirituous liqueurs was recoverable unless it was contracted at one time. A person taking a pledge for such a debt was liable to a fine of 40 shillings, half to go to a common informer. An amendment to the act in 1862 made spirits sold in quantities of not less than one pint, to be drunk off the premises exempt.
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Originally a tithe was the tenth part of an income payable for the maintenance of the parish priest. The practice was commanded by Moses, but it seems not to have been continued by Christians of the Apostolic Age. In Great Britain the earliest record of tithes seems to be that of Bede. In 750 Egbert, archbishop of York, directed his clergy to teach their people to pay tithes. Tithes were of three kinds: predial tithes, the produce of the soil; personal tithes, the profits of handicraft or merchandise; and mixed tithes, often included in predial tithes, the produce of animals, including butter and eggs.
Where the income from tithes was more than sufficient for local needs, the tithes were often impropriated to cathedrals and monasteries. The greater tithes impropriated to monasteries often found their way into secular hands, as shown by the existence today of lay vicars and rectors. With the rise of Nonconformity in the 18th and 19th centuries there arose an agitation against the payment of tithes, and, refusing to pay, many persons were imprisoned.
By the Tithe Commutation Act of 1836, and subsequent amending Acts, tithes were commuted to an annual tithe rent charge. The par value of the tithes was fixed according to their amount at the time, and on the assumption that a certain number of bushels of corn were worth 100 pounds. But the real value was to vary each year, according to the average price of corn during the preceding seven years, and this was periodically determined by rather involved tables. The agricultural depression of the 19th century reduced the amount of the tithe rent, and in many years it fell much below 100 pounds. In 1911 it was 71 pounds 4 shillings 1.75 pennies, but after that year it rose steadily, until in 1917 it was 92 pounds 1 shilling and 0.75 pennies. The changes in price occasioned by the Great War led to the introduction in 1918 of a bill which fixed the tithe rent charge at 109 pounds and 3 shillings and 0.75 pennies for the seven years ending January the 1st 1926. Tithe rent charge may be redeemed by arrangement with the board of agriculture on payment of 25 years' purchase. In 1920 471,094 pounds was paid to the ecclesiastical authorities for the redemption of tithe. Tithes in Great Britain were terminated by the Finance Act 1977.
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A toll is a tax or duty chargeable for selling goods, setting up a stall, or travelling along a public road, bridge or ferry or for transporting goods by railway.
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The toman was a Persian gold coin equal to 10 krans silver. At the start of the 20th century they were minted in quarter, half, one, two and five toman pieces.
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Tombstone notes are $10 Silver Certificates issued from 1886-1908, so called because the portrait has a tombstone-shaped frame.
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Tonnage and poundage were custom duties formerly levied at the English ports. The duty was imposed on every tun of imported wine, and at twelve pence on every pound's worth of other goods passing in or out of the country. An early form of this was raised by agreement in 1347, and the proceeds went to the crown, nominally for purposes of defence. In 1373 parliament granted the crown right of raising it for a limited period, from the time of Edward IV for the sovereign's lifetime. In 1628 Charles I claimed the raising of tonnage and poundage as his right, although it had not been granted by parliament. The duty was granted to Charles II in 1660, and made perpetual under Anne, but was abolished under George III in 1787 when excise and customs were reorganised on a new basis.
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Tonnage dues are a tax levied upon vessels entering a port, and passing through some canals. The charge is calculated based upon the registered net tonnage of the vessel.
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Tontine is a system of life assurance and purchasing property in which the advantage lies with the longest- lived of a stated number of individuals, who may either receive absolutely the gross amount of the capital contributed by all the subscribers who have predeceased him, or only the interest upon the sum. The idea was first put forward by an Italian banker, Lorenzo Tonti, in 1653 and was first put into practice by Louis XIV in 1689.
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Trade is the general name given to the process of exchanging commodities either for other commodities, which is called barter, or for money, which in more advanced communities serves as a medium of exchange.
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The Trade Disputes Act was a British Act of Parliament passed in 1906 after several judicial decisions regarding trade disputes. The Trade Disputes Act allowed peaceful picketing and declared that trade union funds were not liable for damages.
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The Trade Dollar was an American silver coin issued in 1873-1874 for use in China, in competition with Spanish and Mexican dollars. It was not intended for circulation in the United States, though it was made a legal tender to the amount of five dollars at the time of its issue; this provision was repealed in 1876. Its actual value was less than that of the standard American dollar.
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A trade mark is a name or distinctive device for an article, or in connection with an article of production for sale indicating that such are the goods of the proprietor of the device. A trade marks Act was first passed in Britain in 1905.
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A trade union is an organisation consisting of a combination of wage-earners engaged in the same industry or trade, usually to provide negotiating power with the employer and as a mutual self-help group for employees when they need financial assistance or legal assistance connected with their employment.
In the USA, these associations of workingmen, for concerted action upon questions of wages, hours of labour and for mutual relief, were begun in 1852 by the formation of the International Typograpliical Union, followed in 1859 by the Machinists' and Blacksmiths' International Union, and the Iron Moulders' Union of North America. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers was organized in 1863, the Journeymen Tailors' National Trades Union in 1865, the Coopers' International Union in 1870, the Cigarmakers' International Union about the same time, the Miners' National Union in 1873.
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The Trades Union Congress (TUC) is a body of representatives of the British trade union movement. National conferences of trade unions were summoned by the Glasgow Trades Council in 1864 and by the Sheffield Trades Council in 1867; but the first Trades Union Congress proper is generally considered to be that summoned by the Manchester and Salford Trades Council in 1868. The Trades Union Congress has met annually since 1871, and has the objective of watching such legislation and administration as affect labour, and to initiate such legislation as the congress agrees.
From about 1893 the socialist or collectivist element became predominant in the congress. Since 1884 participation in its discussions has been confined to members of the trade unions.
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Treaty port is a name specifically applied to certain Chinese ports which after the Opium War of 1840 to 1842 were forcibly opened to British trade as part of the peace treaty.
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In merchandising, tret is an allowance of weight made for dust etc in merchantable goods.
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The Truck Acts of 1831, 1887 and 1896 made it illegal in Britain for an employer to pay his workmen other than in the current coin, or to impose any condition as to where the wages would be spent. Servants in husbandry were exempt from the act, and an employer could pay them in accommodation, food and non-intoxicating drink.
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The American Twenty-Cent Piece was a silver coin authorized in 1875, aud issued chiefly for use in the Pacific States. Its coinage was discontinued in 1878. It was a legal tender to the amount of five dollars.
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The American Two-Cent Piece was a coin first issued in 1864 with a weight of 96 grains. Its issue was discontinued in 1873. Upon the issue of 1864 first appeared the motto on American money of'In God We Trust'. It was legal tender to the value of twenty-five cents.
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The Two-Penny Act was an act passed by the Virginia Assembly in 1755, to endure ten months, permitting that all debts now payable in tobacco should, at the debtor's option, be payable in money, at the rate of sixteen shillings and eight pence for every hundred-weight of tobacco. This equals two-pence a pound; hence the name.
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Abbreviations
Money
