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C 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
 Research C 1
C 11 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 11
C 14 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 14
C 1520 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 1520
C 31 5 91 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 31 5 91
C 33 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 33
C 3745 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 3745
C 41 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 41
C 44 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 44
C 52 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 52
C 75 5 277 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 75 5 277
C 75 5 297 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 75 5 297
C 85 51 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C 85 51
C20 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C20
C24 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C24
C8169 3 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research C8169 3
Cabaret is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cabaret
Cabernet Franc is a type of grape used for producing red wine. It is a component of Bordeaux wine, and a little is often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon to add bouquet to a wine.
Research Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon is a type of grape used for producing red wine. It is one of the components of French Bordeaux wine.
Research Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabinet Pudding is a sweet dish comprising alternating layers of sliced sponge cake and pounded biscuit mixed with minced peel and minced sultanas covered with a basic custard mixture of milk, eggs and sugar, and poured over with brandy before being steamed.
Research Cabinet Pudding
Caboc is a Scottish, traditional, farmhouse, vegetarian. fresh cheese made from cow's milk since the 15th century.
Research Caboc
Cabrales is a Spanish, traditional, farmhouse blue cheese made from un-pasteurised, cow's, goat's or sheep's milk with a natural rind wrapped in either maple or plane leaves or foil in the Asturias region of Spain. Cabrales is regulated by the Spanish government's Denominacion de Origen. Traditionally the cheese is ripened in limestone caves where the natural mould penetrates the rind, and eaten at about six months old when it is almost totally blue and riddled with maggots.
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Cachamarca is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cachamarca
A cachou was a sweetmeat in the form of a pill, made from the extract of liquorice, cashew-nut, gum, etc, and formerly used by smokers to sweeten the breath, particularly during the Victorian era.
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Caciocavallo is an Italian traditional farmhouse and creamery stretched curd cheese made from cow's milk in southern Italy.
Research Caciocavallo
Caciotta is an Italian traditional farmhouse and co-operative hard cheese made from a mixture of un-pasteurised sheep's and cow's milk in the Tuscany region.
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Cado is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cado
Caerphilly is a Welsh, traditional, farmhouse, vegetarian, hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk. Caerphilly is a mild, crumbly cheese first made around 1831.
Research Caerphilly
Caesar is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Caesar
Caesar salad is a type of salad invented by Caesar Cardini in America during the 1920's. It comprises chilled lettuce with garlic croutons and Parmesan cheese with a French mustard and Worcestershire sauce based dressing.
Research Caesar Salad
Cairnsmore is a Scottish, modern, farmhouse, hard cheese made from un-pasteurised sheep's milk from the Friesland breed between April and October. Cairnsmore is produced in natural rind and cloth-bound varieties.
Research Cairnsmore
Cajka is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cajka
Calgary is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Calgary
Calimero is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Calimero
Calla is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Calla
Callaloo is the Jamaican name for the young leaves of two distinct plants; the taro plant and Chinese spinach, eaten as a vegetable. It is not, as some cookery books suggest, a Jamaican name for spinach.
Research Callaloo
Calori is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Calori
Calrose is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Calrose
Calville Blanc is a variety of apple.
Research Calville Blanc
Calville Rouge d'Automne is a variety of apple.
Research Calville Rouge d'Automne
Calypso (1971) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Calypso (1971)
Calypso (1990) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Calypso (1990)
A calzone is an Italian dish consisting of a pizza or bread-dough pie or wrap, resembling a folded pizza, and containing a cheese and vegetable filling - traditionally tomato and garlic.
Research Calzone
Cambazola is a German, modern, creamery blue cheese with a Penicillium rind, made from cow's milk. Cambazola was developed during the 1970's as a mild alternative cross between Camembert and Gorgonzola.
Research Cambazola
Camembert is a soft, un-pasteurised cow's milk, rich flavoured cheese with a downy rind made in France.
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Cameo is a variety of apple.
Research Cameo
Camp vinegar is a form of vinegar flavoured with garlic, cayenne pepper, soya sauce and walnut ketchup.
Research Camp Vinegar
Campa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Campa
Campbell 11 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Campbell 11
Campbell 12 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Campbell 12
Campbell 13 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Campbell 13
Campbell 14 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Campbell 14
Campfield is a variety of apple.
Research Campfield
Canada Kartoffeln is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Canada Kartoffeln
Canada Red is a variety of apple.
Research Canada Red
Canada Reinette is a variety of apple.
Research Canada Reinette
Canadian pudding is a type of set custard with added raisins, lemon rind and corn meal.
Research Canadian Pudding
Canard a la Presse is a French dish of duck, roasted for just twenty-five minutes, the breast of which is carved off - still very rare - and the carcass then chopped up and pressed, the juices and blood being added to reduced red wine and port which makes a sauce in which the duck breast is warmed before being served. The dish was invented around 1900 by a French restaurateur and is the speciality of the Tour d'Argent restaurant in Paris where it was invented.
Research Canard a la Presse
Canary Wine was a dry white wine popular from the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century when it was replaced in popularity by the superior Madeira. It was produced chiefly in the north-west of the isles and around Tenerife, from whence it took the alternative name of Tenerife wine.
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Canate is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Canate
Canellina Nera is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Canellina Nera
Canestrato is a strongly flavoured Sicilian hard cheese.
Research Canestrato
Canestrato Pugliese is an Italian traditional farmhouse hard cheese made from un-pasteurised sheep's milk from sheep of the Merino or Apulian Gentile breeds in the Foggia region.
Research Canestrato Pugliese
Cannelloni is an Italian dish consisting of large diameter tubular pieces of pasta filled with meat or cheese and usually topped with Bechamel sauce.
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Cannelon is a dish of minced meat, mixed with breadcrumbs, beaten eggs and seasoning, rolled in a cloth and steamed.
Research Cannelon
Canning is the commercial operation of food preserving which involves the use of heat and sealing the food in airtight containers.
Research Canning
Canoga is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Canoga
Canso is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Canso
Cantal is a hard, un-pasteurised cow's milk, strong flavoured yellow French cheese.
Research Cantal
Cantata is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cantata
Cantate is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cantate
Canus is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Canus
Capella is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Capella
Capri is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Capri
Caprian is an Italian goat's milk cheese.
Research Caprian
Caprice is a soft, white, mild flavoured cow's milk French cheese.
Research Caprice
Capricorn Goat is a British modern, creamery, vegetarian soft-white cheese made from goat's milk.
Research Capricorn Goat
Caprino is an Argentine goat's milk cheese.
Research Caprino
Capriole Banon is an American, traditional farmhouse fresh cheese made from goat's milk and covered in chestnut leaves.
Research Capriole Banon
Capsicum is a popular name for the pods of various varieties of plants of the genus Capsicum. The pods may be either sweet, known as sweet pepper or acrid, known as chilli pepper.
Research Capsicum
Captain Kidd is a variety of apple.
Research Captain Kidd
Captain's biscuits are a form of ship's biscuit made from fine flour.
Research Captain's Biscuit
Cara is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cara
Carafe is the French name for an ordinary glass bottle or decanter for holding drinking water.
Research Carafe
Carambola is the fruit of an East Indian tree, the Averrhoa Carambola, of the natural order Oxalidaceae. It is of the size and shape of a duck's egg, of an agreeable acidulous flavour and is used in making sherbets, tarts, and preserves.
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Caramel is the brown mass which cane-sugar becomes at 220 degrees Celsius. It is used in cookery as a colouring and flavouring ingredient, in giving a brown colour to spirits, etc.
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Carbine Stout is an Australian dark beer brewed by Castlemaine from Brisbane since 1925. Despite the name, it is a bottom-fermented lager with a roasted-malt flavour.
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Carbonade is a rich beef stew made with onions and beer.
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Strictly, a carbonado is a piece of meat cut crosswise for grilling. The term is also used for a chop and for minced meat.
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Cardamom is the aromatic capsule of different species of plants of the natural order Zingiberaceae (the gingers). They are employed in medicine as well as an ingredient in sauces and curries.
Research Cardamom
Cardinal is a drink made from white wine, either hot or cold, over ripe bitter oranges and then sweetened and spiced.
Research Cardinal
CARDINAL
Cardinal is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cardinal
Cardinal (1910) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cardinal (1910)
Cardinal (1972) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cardinal (1972)
Cardinal sauce is a sauce usually made from Bechamel sauce diluted with fish stock with added cream and cayenne pepper.
Research Cardinal Sauce
Cardinal Von Galen is a variety of apple.
Research Cardinal Von Galen
Cariba is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cariba
Caribe is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Caribe
Cariboo is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cariboo
Carina is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carina
Carivnycja is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carivnycja
Carla is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carla
Carling (formerly Carling Black Label) is a Canadian lager by Molson, now brewed in Britain and one of Britain's most popular beers. Carling is a typical, modern, industrial lager - bland, sweet and fizzy and served very cold. Carling Black Label was first introduced to Britain in 1953, and was adopted by the Burton-on-Trent brewing company Bass as it's primary lager brand.
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Carlingford is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carlingford
Carlita is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carlita
Carlos Queen is a variety of apple.
Research Carlos Queen
Carlton is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carlton
Carmeliter Reinette is a variety of apple.
Research Carmeliter Reinette
Carmen is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carmen
Carmen Tcheque is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carmen Tcheque
Carmine is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carmine
Carnea is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carnea
Carnikavskij is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carnikavskij
Carola is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carola
Carolina is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carolina
Carpatin is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carpatin
Carpentin is a variety of apple.
Research Carpentin
Carre De L'Est is a soft, white, cow's milk, bacteria ripened French cheese produced with either a soft-white rind or washed in brine to produce a ripened orange rind both of which forms of the cheese have a distinct flavour.
Research Carre De L'Est
Carrick is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Carrick
Carroll is a variety of apple.
Research Carroll
The carrot (Daucus Carota) is a biennial vegetable of the family Umbelliferae. It is a native of Britain and Europe and has tripinnate leaves of a feathery appearance. The plant rises to a height of some 60 centimetres and produces white flowers. The root is strong-flavoured and tapering. In the wild carrot the root is white, but in the cultivated variety it is orange in colour. Originally the carrot was cultivated as a food for cattle, it is now widely eaten by people. Carrots contain a large proportion of saccharine matter, and attempts were made in the past to extract sugar from them. They have been also employed in distillation: 10 lbs weight of carrots will yield about half a pint of very strong ardent spirit.
Research Carrot
Cartofi Albi is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cartofi Albi
Cartofi Albi Buru is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cartofi Albi Buru
Cartofi Albi Surduc is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cartofi Albi Surduc
Cartofi de Doamna is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cartofi de Doamna
Cartofi Rosi Buru is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cartofi Rosi Buru
Cartofi Rosi Surduc is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cartofi Rosi Surduc
Cartofi Sreni is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cartofi Sreni
Casanova is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Casanova
Cascade is an Australian brewer of beers.
Research Cascade
CASCADE
Cascade is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cascade
Casciotta are a family of Italian artisan cheeses made from sheep's, goat's cow's or a mixture of milks across central and southern Italy.
Research Casciotta
Casciotta Di Urbino is an Italian traditional farmhouse semi-soft cheese made from un-pasteurised sheep's milk from sheep of the Sardinian and Appennine Brown breeds mixed with some cow's milk in the Tuscany and Umbria regions.
Research Casciotta Di Urbino
Cashel Blue is an Irish, modern, farmhouse blue cheese made from pasteurised and un-pasteurised cow's milk.
Research Cashel Blue
Caspar is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Caspar
Cassareep is the concentrated juice of the roots of the common or bitter cassava, flavoured by aromatics and deprived of its poisonous properties by boiling. It is used to give a relish to soups and other dishes, and forms the basis of the West Indian 'pepper-pot.' It is a powerful antiseptic, and is very useful in keeping meat fresh in a tropical climate.
Research Cassareep
Cassava is a tropical root vegetable, native to Brazil it was introduced to Africa in the 17th century. Cassava is a long, irregularly shaped vegetable with a rough brown skin and a hard, white, starchy flesh. Cassava is commonly eaten in the Caribbean and can be boiled, baked, fried or used in other dishes.
Research Cassava
Traditionally, a casserole was a crust of rice, which having been moulded into the form of a pie, was baked and then filled with a fricassee of white meat or a puree of game. During the 20th century the term came to be applied to a covered dish in which food is cooked in a liquid within an oven. The name is also given to any dish cooked in such a dish.
Research Casserole
Cassiri is an intoxicating liquor brewed in Guyana from sweet potatoes.
Research Cassiri
Cassoulet is a French stew of white beans, meats, onions and garlic.
Research Cassoulet
Castellano is a Spanish, traditional farmhouse and creamery natural rind hard cheese made from un-pasteurised sheep's milk from the Churro and Castilian breeds in the Castile-Leon region of Spain.
Research Castellano
Castelmagno is an Italian traditional farmhouse and co-operative hard cheese made from partially skimmed un-pasteurised cow's milk mixed with sheep's or goat's milk in the Cuneo region.
Research Castelmagno
Castile is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Castile
Castlemaine XXXX is an Australia lager. It uses whole hops rather than pellets or hop extracts.
Research Castlemaine XXXX
Cat's Head is a variety of apple.
Research Cat's Head
Catalan soup is a bacon, onion, potato, sweet pepper, celery and tomato soup.
Research Catalan Soup
Catarina is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Catarina
Cati is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cati
Catoosa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Catoosa
Catriona is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Catriona
Caudle is a warm, thin spiced gruel made with wine and sugar which was given to invalids and women after childbirth.
Research Caudle
Cauliflower cheese is a dish of boiled cauliflower florets mixed into a white cheese sauce or mornay sauce. Cauliflower cheese may be served as a light meal or as an accompanying vegetable to a meat dish.
Research Cauliflower Cheese
Caviare (cavear) is the roes of certain large fish prepared and salted. The best is made from the roes of the sterlet and sturgeon caught in the lakes and rivers of Russia. Originally, caviare was only the hard roes of the sturgeon, and these were made into small cakes about 25 mm thick and 60 mm wide, salted and dried in the sun in Russia before being exported via Archangel by English and Dutch merchants who in turn also sold it to the French and Italians.
Research Caviare
Caxton is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Caxton
Cayenne pepper is an acrid and stimulating spice powder produced from several varieties of dried capsicum pods and seeds. Cayenne pepper is employed as a condiment to improve the flavour of food, aid digestion, and prevent flatulence. In medicine it is used as a stimulant, and is a valuable gargle for a relaxed throat.
Research Cayenne Pepper
Cayuga is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cayuga
CE 69 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CE 69
Cedron is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cedron
Cegro is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cegro
Celeriac, or turnip-rooted celery, is a variety of celery in which the root resembles a turnip and may weigh 3 or 4 lbs. It is much cultivated on the continent of Europe, less so in Britain, and is eaten either in salads or cooked.
Research Celeriac
Celeste is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Celeste
Celine is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Celine
Cellini is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cellini
Celt is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Celt
Celtic Promise is a Welsh, modern, farmhouse, vegetarian semi-soft, brine-washed rind cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk.
Research Celtic Promise
Centa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Centa
Centaure is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Centaure
Centennial is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Centennial
Centennial Russet is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Centennial Russet
Centifolia is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Centifolia
Centurion is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Centurion
Century Russet is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Century Russet
Ceres is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Ceres
Ceres (1970) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Ceres (1970)
Ceres (1999) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Ceres (1999)
Cernatica is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cernatica
Cerney is a British modern, farmhouse, vegetarian fresh cheese made from un-pasteurised goat's milk. Cerney is made in a pyramid shape and dusted with oak ash and salt.
Research Cerney
Certa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Certa
Certa Mutante is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Certa Mutante
Certo is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Certo
Cesa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cesa
Cetyrehsotka is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cetyrehsotka
CEW 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CEW 69 1
CEX 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CEX 69 1
CEX 69 1 CIP 720057 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CEX 69 1 CIP 720057
Ceza is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Ceza
CF 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CF 69 1
CFE 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CFE 69 1
CFJ 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CFJ 69 1
CFK 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CFK 69 1
CFR 69 1 CIP 676004 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CFR 69 1 CIP 676004
CFS 69 1 CIP 676005 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CFS 69 1 CIP 676005
CGN 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CGN 69 1
Chabichou Du Poitou is a French, un-pasteurised goat's milk, natural rind cheese.
Research Chabichou Du Poitou
Chablis is a white burgundy wine produced near the town of the same name in the Yonne department of central France.
Research Chablis
Chacay Inta is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chacay Inta
A chafing dish is a dish provided with a heating apparatus below it used to cook food at the table or to keep food hot at the table.
Research Chafing Dish
Chagulina is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chagulina
Chaleur is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chaleur
Chambertin is a high quality red Burgundy wine named after the place where it is produced. It was a favourite with Louis XIV and Napoleon.
Research Chambertin
Champ is a Northern Irish dish or mashed potatoes mixed with finely chopped spring onions or leeks.
Research Champ
Champagne is a French wine, white or red, which is made chiefly in the department of Marne, in the former province Champagne, and is generally characterized by the property of creaming, frothing, or effervescing when poured from the bottle, though there are also still Champagne wines. The creaming or slightly sparkling Champagne wines are more highly valued by connoisseurs, and fetch greater prices than the full-frothing wines, in which the small quantity of alcohol they contain escapes from the froth as it rises to the surface, carrying with it the aroma and leaving the liquor nearly vapid. The property of creaming or frothing possessed by these wines is due to the fact that they are partly fermented in the bottle, carbonic acid being thereby produced.
Research Champagne
Champignon has long been a popular term for the common British edible field mushroom Agaricus campestris.
Research Champignon
Champion is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Champion
Champion Heir is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Champion Heir
Champlain is a variety of apple.
Research Champlain
Chancellor is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chancellor
Chantilly sauce is a sauce made from cooking apples, sugar, butter and cream cooked together and then sieved.
Research Chantilly Sauce
Chantilly soup is a thick vegetable soup based on beef stock with pureed peas and sliced carrot or onion, flavoured with parsley and mint.
Research Chantilly Soup
Chaource is a French, soft, white cow's milk cheese from the Champagne region.
Research Chaource
Chapati is a North Indian unleavened bread, flat and round, it is eaten hot.
Research Chapati
Chardonay is a type of grape used to produce French white Burgundy wines.
Research Chardonnay
Charisma is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Charisma
Charivnitca is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Charivnitca
Charkovskij Rannij is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Charkovskij Rannij
Charles Downing is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Charles Downing
Charlotte is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Charlotte
Charlotte-russe is a dish made of a kind of syllabub, or whipped-cream surrounded with a border of sponge-cake.
Research Charlotte-russe
Charly is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Charly
Charodei is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Charodei
Charqui is jerked beef, the Chilian name of which the English term is a corruption.
Research Charqui
Originally a chasse ('chaser') was a small potion of spirituous liquor taken to remove the taste of coffee, tobacco, or the like. Now the term applies to a small measure of liquor (whisky, gin, rum or whatever) taken along side a long drink, usually beer.
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Chateaubriand is a deep cut of beef fillet.
Research Chateaubriand
Chateaubriand steak is a thick cut of fillet steak, glazed with oil or butter and seared on both sides under a very hot grill before being grilled at high heat until well done on the outside and underdone in the middle.
Research Chateaubriand Steak
Chaucha Amarilla is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chaucha Amarilla
Chaudfroid sauce is a family of jelly sauces based on Bechamel sauce or other sauces (Espagnole sauce, Veloute sauce or tomato sauce) formed into a jelly by adding gelatine and aspic jelly and thick cream.
Research Chaudfroid Sauce
Chaumes is a French, yellow, medium-hard washed-rind cheese from the Dordogne region, similar to Port Salut.
Research Chaumes
Cheddar is a British traditional farmhouse hard, white to yellow coloured cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk in the Mendip Hills. Cheddar is copied world-wide, being mass produced in factories from pasteurised milk producing very poor imitations. Real cheddar is made by a few producers in the Mendip Hills, including Chewton, Denhay, Green, Keen, Montomery and Quicke.
Research Cheddar
Cheddar Cross is a variety of apple.
Research Cheddar Cross
Cheese is a food made from the curds (solids) of soured milk - that is milk fermented by bacteria - from cows, sheep, or goats, separated from the whey (liquid), then salted, put into moulds, and pressed into firm blocks. The bacteria which ferment the milk convert the lactose into lactic acid. Lactic acid kills many harmful bacteria and viruses such as salmonella and e.coli, and there is no health reason to use pasteurised milk to make real cheese.
Cheese is ripened with other bacteria or surface fungi, and kept for a time to mature before eating. The precise fermentation process being a mystery still, no two natural cheeses are identical. There are six main types of cheese. Soft cheeses may be ripe or unripe, and include cottage cheese and high-fat soft cheeses such as Bel Paese, Camembert, and Neufchatel. Semi-hard cheeses are ripened by bacteria (Munster) or by bacteria and surface fungi (Port Salut, Gouda, St Paulin); they may also have penicillin moulds injected into them (Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Blue Stilton, Wensleydale). Hard cheeses are ripened by bacteria, and include Cheddar, Cheshire, and Cucciocavallo; some have large cavities within them, such as Swiss Emmental and Gruyere.
Very hard cheeses, such as Parmesan and Spalen, are made with skimmed or partially skimmed milk. Processed cheese is made with dried skim-milk powder and additives, and whey cheese is made by heat coagulation of the proteins from whey; examples are Mysost and Primost. From 1980 in France a cheese has the same appellation controlee status as wine if it is made only in a special defined area - for example, Cantal and Roquefort are appellation controlee cheeses, but not Camembert and Brie, which are made in more than one region. Italy has a similar system, Denominazione di Origine Controllata, a regulation designed to protect certain indigenous cheeses.
There are thousands of different cheeses made through the world, with Spain producing over 600 different cheeses.
Research Cheese
A cheese straw is a long thin cheese-flavoured strip of pastry.
Research Cheese Straw
Chehalis is a variety of apple.
Research Chehalis
Chellah is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chellah
Chellena is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chellena
Chenango is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chenango
Chenango Strawberry is a variety of apple.
Research Chenango Strawberry
Chenin blanc is a type of grape used to produce white wine. It is widely cultivated in the French Loire valley.
Research Chenin Blanc
Cherie is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cherie
Cherimoyer is the fruit of the Anona Cherimolia, a native of South and Central America, allied to the custard-apple. It is a heart-shaped fruit with a scaly exterior, and numerous seeds buried in a delicious pulp. Both flowers and fruit emit a pleasant fragrance. This fruit is cultivated in various tropical regions.
Research Cherimoyer
Chernigovskii is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chernigovskii
Cherokee is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cherokee
Cherry Cox is a variety of apple.
Research Cherry Cox
Cherry Pippin is a variety of apple.
Research Cherry Pippin
Chervena Zvezda 1155 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chervena Zvezda 1155
Chervone is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chervone
Cheshire is a British, traditional farmhouse hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk. Cheshire has a natural rind with grey moulding and the cheese is tightly wrapped in cloth. Very few farms produce real Cheshire cheese, most of it being mass produced in factories to the demands of supermarkets.
Research Cheshire
Chestnut Crab is a variety of apple.
Research Chestnut Crab
Chevre De Provence is an American, modern farmhouse organic fresh cheese made from goat's milk.
Research Chevre De Provence
Chevre log is a French, soft, white goat's milk cheese from the Loire region.
Research Chevre Log
Chevrotin is a French, washed-rind un-pasteurised goat's and cow's milk cheese.
Research Chevrotin
Chewing Gum is a masticatory substance made from latex, the resin of the spruce tree or derived from paraffin wax, and flavoured with originally spices but now popularly mint. It has been popular in the USA since the 19th century.
Research Chewing Gum
Chianti is an Italian, dry, usually red, blended wine made in Chianti, Tuscany. Chianti wine is full flavoured and astringent, with an alcoholic strength of about 20 per cent.
Research Chianti
Chica (also known as pito and poso), is a kind of beer made from maize, in general use in Chile, Peru, and elsewhere in the mountainous regions of South America. The usual method of preparing it is to steep the maize until it begins to grow, when it is exposed to dry in the sun. The malt thus prepared is then ground, mixed with warm water, and left to ferment. The beer, when ready, has a dark-yellow colour, and a pleasant and somewhat bitter and sour taste, and is very intoxicating. Sometimes the Indians instead of grinding the malt chew it, and this variety of the liquor is considered the best. It is the national drink of the Indians, and was traditionally consumed by them in great quantities.
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Chicha is a fermented liquor made from maize in South and central America.
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Chicken Kiev is a dish of chicken breast stuffed with garlic butter, coated in breadcrumbs and deep fried. Despite its name, the dish is neither Russian nor Ukrainian, but is French.
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Chicken panada is minced chicken that has been steamed and mixed with cream before being finely ground or sieved.
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Chicken spathcock is chicken that has been split through the back, the legs and wings removed, flattened and grilled.
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Chicken Xacutti is an Indian chicken curry comprising chicken and twenty-five roasted and blended spices mixed with coconut milk. It is renowned as being the most complex dish in the world and took around 300 years to evolve.
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Chieftain is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chieftain
Chieftan is a variety of apple.
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Chiguita is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chiguita
Chijiwa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chijiwa
Chilli is a spice, being either the pod or powder of capsicum.
Research Chilli
Chilli con carne is a Mexican dish of meat (usually minced beef), onions and beans highly seasoned with chilli pepper.
Research Chilli Con Carne
Chiloe Ancud is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chiloe Ancud
Chinese Food is a general term used in the West to describe dishes usually associated with the provinces of China. It is characterised by dishes containing noodles or rice, and the cooking method known as 'stir-frying' whereby ingredients are thinly sliced and quickly cooked in a large, concave type of frying pan called a wok, over a high heat with very little oil in the pan.
Many familiar 'Chinese' dishes, such as chow mein and chop suey originated in the USA where they were prepared by Chinese immigrants for the American market.
Traditional Chinese dishes include steamed, sweet buns filled with savoury meat, such as roast pork (Man to), and dim sum which are a variety of small, hot, savoury dishes traditionally served as a snack or at lunch time.
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Chinook is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chinook
CHINOOK
Chinook is a variety of apple.
Research Chinook
Chipbelle is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chipbelle
Chipbelle White is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chipbelle White
Chipeta is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chipeta
Chippewa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chippewa
Chiquita is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chiquita
Chira is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chira
Chisel Jersey is a variety of apple.
Research Chisel Jersey
Chitose is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chitose
Chitterlings or chitlins is a dish of pigs, or sheep's intestines.
Research Chitterlings
Chloe is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chloe
Chocolate is a substance made from the cocoa berry or bean, sweetened with sugar and blended with varying amounts of milk, water and flavourings. Chocolate was introduced to Europe from Mexico and Brazil around 1520 and was sold in the London coffee-houses soon after their establishment in 1650.
In the 20th century, almost all the chocolate sold in the UK is made by one company, Barry Callebaut, which is then sold to the large 'chocolate' manufacturers who melt the chocolate and mould it into their own products.
Research Chocolate
Chop suey (corrupted from the Cantonese 'shap sui') is a melange served in Chinese restaurants, first in the USA, to be eaten with rice, noodles, &c. It consists typically of bean sprouts, onions, mushrooms, &c., and sliced meats, fried and flavoured with sesame oil. Today, chop suey is rarely served with noodles in the UK, but rather with a substantial quantity of bean sprouts.
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Chow mein is a Chinese dish of American origin consisting of sliced, fried meat or vegetables served with fried noodles.
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Chowder is an American dish forming a dish somewhere between a thick soup and a stew.
Research Chowder
Christa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Christa
Christophene (known as cho-cho in Jamaica and also known as chayote) is a pear-shaped, bland tasting vegetable cooked and eaten as a side vegetable and added to Caribbean soups.
Research Christophene
Chulipaco is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Chulipaco
Chun Mee is a variety of Chinese green tea named from the shape of the leaves. The processing of 'eyebrow' teas demands great skill in order to hand roll the leaves to the correct shape at the right temperature for the correct length of time. These long, fine jade leaves give a clear pale yellow liquor with a smooth taste.
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 More information about Chun Mee
Chung Yau Beng is a Hong Kong spring onion fried bread.
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Churchill is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Churchill
Chutney is a condiment composed of fruits, acids and spices used extensively in India, and from there introduced to the West.
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Cicero is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cicero
Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented apple juice. The manufacture consists in crushing the apples and squeezing out the juice. The juice is poured into casks, where it ferments and clears itself of impurities. The strength and flavour of the cider is dependant upon the variety of apple used.
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Ciklamen is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cilena is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cima is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cindy Red is a variety of apple.
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Cinia is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cinia
Cinja is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cinja
Cinnamon is a spice from the bark of the under branches of a species of laurel (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), which is chiefly found in Sri Lanka, but grows also in Malabar and other parts of the East Indies.
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Cinnamon Spice is a variety of apple.
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Cinthia is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cinthia
CIP 1 CIPIRA 382121 27 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 1 CIPIRA 382121 27
CIP 2 381381 9 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 2 381381 9
CIP 3 381381 20 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 3 381381 20
CIP 377 271 LT1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 377 271 LT1
CIP 378358 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 378358
CIP 38 11 09 05 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 11 09 05
CIP 38 11 78 14 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 11 78 14
CIP 38 13 78 07 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 13 78 07
CIP 38 13 78 18 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 13 78 18
CIP 38 14 03 22 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 14 03 22
CIP 38 21 46 15 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 21 46 15
CIP 38 21 47 18 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 21 47 18
CIP 38 22 45 27 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 22 45 27
CIP 38 31 17 06 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 38 31 17 06
CIP 380025 4 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 380025 4
CIP 381378 22 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 381378 22
CIP 382119 17 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 382119 17
CIP 382122 15 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 382122 15
CIP 382146 27 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 382146 27
CIP 382150 16 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 382150 16
CIP 382169 18 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 382169 18
CIP 383013 6 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 383013 6
CIP 384321 25 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 384321 25
CIP 386056 7 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 386056 7
CIP 4 3777744 2 P 9 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 4 3777744 2 P 9
CIP 5 374080 5 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 5 374080 5
CIP 6 381381 26 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 6 381381 26
CIP 676171 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 676171
CIP 7 380496 6 P 7 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 7 380496 6 P 7
CIP 702867 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 702867
CIP 720091 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 720091
CIP 772581 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 772581
CIP 8 380389 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 8 380389 1
CIP 800 144 DTO 2 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 800 144 DTO 2
CIP 9378143 5 P 5 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP 9378143 5 P 5
CIP Achirana Inta is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP Achirana Inta
CIP ASN 6 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP ASN 6
CIP ASN 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP ASN 69 1
CIP BL 1 10 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP BL 1 10
CIP BL 1 5 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP BL 1 5
CIP CFC 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP CFC 69 1
CIP GLKS 58 1642 4 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP GLKS 58 1642 4
CIP I 853 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP I 853
CIP ICA Sirena is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP ICA Sirena
CIP MS 1C 6 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP MS 1C 6
CIP MS IC 2 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CIP MS IC 2
Cira is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cira
Cisa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cisa
Cita is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cita
Citeaux is a French, washed-rind, un-pasteurised cow's milk cheese produced in small quantities by Benedictine monks at the L'Abbaye de Ntore Dame at Citeaux in Burgundy.
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Civa is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Civet is a highly seasoned stew of hare, venison or game.
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Ciza is a cultivated variety of potato.
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CK 80 4 9 is a cultivated variety of potato.
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CK 81 16 19 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CK 81 16 19
Clada is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Clairine is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Clan Donnachie is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clan Donnachie
Claret is a light-red wine produced in the French province of the Gironde, also known as Bordeaux wine.
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CLARET
Claret is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Claret cup is a drink made of claret, brandy, lemon, borage, sugar, ide and carbonated water.
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Clarissa is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Clark J 14 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clark J 14
Clarke 961 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clarke 961
Claudia is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Claustar is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Claygate Pearmain is a variety of apple.
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Claymore is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cleopatra is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cleopatra
CLEOPATRA
Cleopatra is a variety of apple.
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Climax is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Clivia is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Clon 378676 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clon 378676 1
Clon 378711 5 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clon 378711 5
Clon 380505 3 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clon 380505 3
Clon 380506 18 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clon 380506 18
Clon 380512 21 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clon 380512 21
Clon 380526 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clon 380526
Clon 720050 31 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Clon 720050 31
Clotted cream is the cream which rises inc clots to the surface of milk when it is allowed to warm.
Clotted Cream is made by allowing milk to stand in shallow pans for 12 hours at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and then gently heating it to 180 degrees Fahrenheit until the surface becomes wrinkled. More cream is separated by this system and it is more easily churned, and the scalding cures taints. Clotted cream contains about 67.5 per cent butterfat.
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Cloves are a very pungent aromatic spice, bitter in taste but warming, forming the dried flower-buds of Caryophyllus aromaticus, a native of the Molucca Islands, belonging to the myrtle tribe, now cultivated in tropical countries.
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Clovullin is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Coastal Chip is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Coastal Russet is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Coastal Russet
Cobbler (also known as sherry-cobbler) is a drink made of sherry, sugar, lemon and ice and sipped through a straw.
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Cobbler's punch is a drink made from gin and water with a little treacle and vinegar added.
Research Cobbler's Punch
Cobbler's toast is bread, buttered upon one side and then the other side toasted.
Research Cobbler's Toast
Cobra is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cobra
Coca Wine (vinum cocoe) was a wine used for stimulating purposes around 1905, consisting of one part coca (cocaine) and eight parts sherry. It was strongly medicated, containing half a grain of alkaloid in the ounce. It was largely consumed by drunks who bought it from licensed grocers, and abused. A weaker preparation was sold by wine merchants. It was probably the inspiration for the non-alcoholic drink Coca-Cola.
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Coca-Cola is the trade name of a coloured, sweetened, flavoured carbonated drink, originally made with coca leaves and flavoured with cola nuts, and containing caramel and caffeine. It was invented in 1886 and sold in every state of the USA by 1895 and in 155 countries by 1987. Coca-Cola, like other carbonated, sweetened soft-drinks, has little or no nutritional value and in excess can cause dental problems, contribute towards obesity and diabetes. After initial success, Coca-Cola was imitated by numerous manufacturers who were subsequently taken to court and banned from using names similar to the trademarked 'Coca-Cola'. The only real opposition to Coca-Cola came from 'Pepsi-Cola', which in the early 1980's launched a revolutionary marketing strategy entitled 'The Pepsi Challenge'. The Pepsi Challenge was a blind tasting conducted among the public across the USA and the world in which consumers blind tasted Pepsi against Coca-Cola. The results showed that people preferred the taste of Pepsi, and in 1985 Coca-Cola changed their recipe. This was a marketing disaster for Coca-Cola which rocked the USA and within three months the original Coca-Cola recipe was reinstated and re-branded as 'Classic Coca-Cola'. The marketing war between Coca-Cola and Pepsi rages on, with both side aiming for a total monopoly of the world soft drinks market, and in the USA both companies sponsor schools and local authorities in cynical brand awareness programs that offer schools funding in return for advertising and vending machines within the school.
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Cock-a-leekie is a Scottish broth made from beef stock, chicken, leeks and sometimes prunes.
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A cocktail is an iced drink traditionally made of spirits mixed with bitters, sugar and some aromatic flavouring, now more typically a mixture of spirits. The name cocktail allegedly originates from the Aztec, the concoction having been discovered by a Toltec noble who named the drink xoc-tl which was corrupted over time into the English cocktail. Individual cocktail recipes are open to interpretation and vary from one bar to another.
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A cocotte is a small dish used to cook and serve individual portions of food.
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Coe Fuji is a variety of apple.
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Coe's Golden Drop is a variety of apple.
Research Coe's Golden Drop
Coffee is the seed of an evergreen shrub which is cultivated in hot climates, and is a native of Abyssinia and of Arabia. This shrub (Coffea arabica) is from 4 to 6 meters in height, and belongs to the Rubiaceae. The leaves are green, glossy on the upper surface, and the flowers are white and sweet-scented. The fruit is of an oval shape, about the size of a cherry, and of a dark-red colour when ripe. Each of these contains two cells, and each cell a single seed, which is the coffee as we see it before it undergoes the process of roasting.
Great attention is paid to the culture of coffee in Arabia. The trees are raised from seed sown in nurseries and afterwards planted out in moist and shady situations, on sloping grounds or at the foot of mountains. Care is taken to conduct little rills of water to their roots, which at certain seasons require to be constantly surrounded with moisture. When the fruit has attained its maturity cloths are placed under the trees, and upon these the labourers shake it down. They afterwards spread the berries on mats, and expose them to the sun to dry. The husk is then broken off by large and heavy rollers of wood or iron. When the coffee has been thus cleared of its husk it is again dried in the sun, and, lastly, winnowed with a large fan, for the purpose of clearing it from the pieces of husks with which it is intermingled. A pound of coffee is generally more than the produce of one tree; but a tree in great vigour will produce 3 or 4 lbs.
The best coffee has its name from Mocha, on the Red Sea. It is packed in large bales, each containing a number of smaller bales, and when good appears fresh and of a greenish-olive colour. Next in quality to the Mocha coffee may perhaps be ranked that of Southern India and that of Sri Lanka, which is strong and well flavoured; but comparatively little coffee now comes from Sri Lanka. Indonesia and Central America produce large quantities of excellent coffee. Brazilian coffee, though produced more abundantly than any other, stands at the bottom of the list as regards quality. Liberian coffee may also be mentioned. American coffee holds in the judgment of all Orientals the very last rank.
The Dutch were the first to extend the cultivation of coffee beyond the countries to which it is native. About 1690 some coffee seeds were brought to Java, where they were planted and produced fruit. By 1718 the Dutch planters of Surinam had entered on the cultivation of coffee with success, and ten years after it was introduced from that colony by the English into Jamaica, and by the French into Martinique. It was not until 1774 that the planters of Brazil, now the greatest producers of coffee in the world, commenced its cultivation.
Coffee as an article of diet is of but comparatively recent introduction. To the Greeks and Romans it was wholly unknown. From Arabia it passed to Egypt and Turkey, whence it was introduced into England by a Turkey merchant named Edwards in 1652, whose Greek servant, named Pasqua, first opened a coffee-house in London. In 1671 an Armenian named Pascal set up a coffee-house in Paris. The excellence of coffee depends in a great measure on the skill and attention exercised in roasting it. If it be too little roasted it is devoid of flavour, and if too much it becomes acrid, and has a disagreeable, burned taste. Coffee is used in the form either of an infusion or decoction, of which the former is decidedly preferable, both as regards flavour and strength. The fine aromatic oil which produces the flavour and strength of coffee is lost by boiling. The best mode is to pour boiling water through the coffee in a biggin or strainer, which is found to extract nearly all the strength; or to pour boiling water upon it and set it upon the fire, not to exceed ten minutes. Prepared in either way it is fine and strong.
In the Asiatic mode of preparing coffee the beans are pounded, not ground; and though the Turks and Arabs boil the coffee, they traditionally boil each cup by itself and only for a moment, so that the effect is much the same as that of infusion. In Arabia some additional spicing, generally of saffron or some aromatic seeds, is considered indispensable; but neither Turks nor Arabians use sugar or cream with coffee.
Coffee acts as a nervous stimulant, a property which it owes mainly to the alkaloid caffeine. It thus promotes cheerfulness and removes languor, and also aids digestion; but in some constitutions it induces sleeplessness and nervous tremblings.
Research Coffee
The term coffin was formerly applied in cooking to a raised crust, resembling the lid of a basket. The skin which forms on custard and the like used to be referred to as the coffin.
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Colby is an American, traditional creamery semi-soft rindless cheese made from cow's milk. In 1882 Colby was introduced to New Zealand and has been made there also ever since.
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Colcannon is an Irish dish of potatoes and greens, typically cabbage, boiled and mashed together and then fried in butter.
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Cole's Quince is a variety of apple.
Research Cole's Quince
Colette is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Colette
Coliban is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Colina is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Colleen is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Colleen
Collops is a British dish of minced meat fried with onions and then slowly cooked in stock.
Research Collops
Colmo is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Colmo
Colombo is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Colombo
Colos is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Colos
Colossal is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Colossal
Columba is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Columba
Columbia Bogota is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Columbia Bogota
Columbia Russet is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Columbia Russet
Columbus is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Columbus
Colvis Spice is a variety of apple.
Research Colvis Spice
Combi is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Combi
Comle (1964) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Comle (1964)
Comle (1982) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Comle (1982)
Commandeur is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Commandeur
Brewers often make one-off brews to commemorate special occasions. Harveys of Lewes in Sussex, for example, bottled a special strong pale ale, called Firecracker, in honour of the emergency services who fought to save it from disaster when a fire broke out in the brewery in 1996. Many brewers bottled ales to keep for the Queen's Coronation in 1953 and later royal marriages.
Research Commemorative Beers
Commissiekaas (Dutch Mimolette) is a Dutch, traditional farmhouse and creamery hard cheese made from cow's milk and resembling a large, orange in appearance, but is actually a matured Edam that has been coloured with carrot juice.
Research Commissiekaas
Compagnon is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Compagnon
A compote is a dish of fruit stewed in syrup.
Compote is a dish of stewed pigeon.
Research Compote
Comtessa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Comtessa
Conchita is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Conchita
Concorde is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Concorde
Concordia is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Concordia
Concurrent is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Concurrent
Condea is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Condea
Condensed milk is milk which has been condensed by a removal of a considerable proportion of its original liquid and sometimes further preserved by the addition of a large quantity of sugar, and finally sealing it in a hermetically sealed can. Condensed milk was invented as a means of preserving milk, but at the end of the 19th century warnings were issued to the public against using condensed milk as a substitute for fresh milk on account of the excess sugar.
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Condor is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Condor
Conestoga is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Conestoga
Conference is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Conference
Congo is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Congo
Congo (SWE) is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Congo (SWE)
Coniston Bluebird is a medium strength British bottled malt pale ale brewed with English challenger hops giving a floral perfume to the beer.
Research Coniston Bluebird
Connell Red is a variety of apple.
Research Connell Red
Conny is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Conny
Conquest is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Conquest
Consomme is a thin clear soup made from a good first stock which has been made from raw meat. A consomme is cleared with egg white, distinguishing a consomme from a clear soup. The egg whites are added to the liquid and gently heated until the egg whites coagulate and rise to the surface, carrying with them insoluble particles in the liquid. The liquid is then strained through a finely woven linen cloth.
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Consomme royale is a soup served with pieces of firm, savoury custard (made from egg yolk and milk or stock, and flavoured with salt and pepper rather than sugar and vanilla) floating in it.
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Constante is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Constante
Contessa is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Contessa
COO 83008 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research COO 83008
Cook-up is a Caribbean dish of mixed meats, shellfish and rice and sometimes vegetables.
Research Cook-Up
Cookery is the preparation of food so as to render it more palatable and more digestible. The art is of great importance, not only for comfort but also for health. Food is mainly prepared by submitting it to the action of fire, as by roasting, boiling, stewing, etc. These processes give each a different flavour to food, but result alike in rendering the tissues,bothof animal and vegetable food, softer and much more easily dealt with by the digestive organs.
The art of cookery was carried to considerable perfection amongst some of the ancient nations, as for instance the Egyptians, Persians, and Athenians. Extravagance and luxury at table were notable features of Roman life under the empire. Amongst moderns the Italians were the first to reach a high degree of art in this department. Their cooking, like that of the ancient Romans, is distinguished by a. free use of oil. Italian cookery seems to have been transplanted by the princesses of the House of Medici to France, and was carried there to perhaps the highest degree of perfection; even yet the skill and resource which the French cook shows in dealing often with very slight materials is a highly creditable feature in the domestic economy of the nation. British cookery during the Victorian era was mostly confined to simple, strong, and substantial dishes. The art of roasting was perhaps its strong point. During the late Victorian Era in Britain attempts were made in London and other places to diffuse a knowledge of cookery more widely among the poor. In particular the National School of Cookery, headquarterd at South Kensington, sent forth lecturers and teachers to almost all the chief towns of Great Britain with the result of establishing local centres in many places.
With the advent of the microwave oven during the late 20th century, convenience foods - cooked in a factory and containing large amounts of articifical additives, sugar and salt - which could be quickly heated in a microwave oven without the need to cook as such, resulted in a rapid decline in cookery in Britain, and a noticeable decline in public health with increases of such diseases as obesity and diabetes.
Research Cookery
Cooking is the art of preparing food for the table by subjecting it to heat in various ways. In its higher developments, cooking also involves making the food attractive to the eye.
Research Cooking
A cool tankard or cool cup is an English drink traditionally made from ale, with a little wine, lemon juice, spices and borage or other savoury herbs and later made from wine and water with lemon, sugar and borage. Slices of cucumber are also sometimes added.
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Coolea is an Irish, modern, farmhouse Gouda-style hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk.
Research Coolea
Cooleeney is an Irish, modern, farmhouse Camembert-style soft-white cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk.
Research Cooleeney
Cooper is a mixture of half stout or ale and half porter.
Research Cooper
Coopers Sparkling Ale is an Australian beer. It is a full-flavoured, bottle conditioned strong pale ale.
Research Coopers Sparkling Ale
Coppertone is a variety of apple.
Research Coppertone
Copra is the dried kernel of the coconut, from which the oil has not yet been expressed.
Research Copra
Copus is a drink made from beer, wine and spices, heated together and served in a loving-cup.
Research Copus
Coquetdale is a British, farmhouse, vegetarian, natural-rind hard cheese made from cow's milk by the Northumberland Cheese Company in Northumberland.
Research Coquetdale
The coquilla nut is the fruit of the Brazilian tree Attalea funifera, an ally of the coconut palm.
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A coquille is a dish, usually of sea food, served in a scallop shell.
Research Coquille
Coquimol is a Cuban coconut cream sauce served with desserts.
Research Coquimol
Corail is a variety of apple.
Research Corail
Coralie is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Coralie
Cordia is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cordia
A cordial is traditionally a weak alcoholic beverage flavoured with essential oils, fruit essences or plant extracts and sweetened.
Research Cordial
Corft is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Corft
Corine is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Corine
Corn is the generic term for all kinds of grain used for making bread, and is applied specifically to the principal bread-stuff: in England to wheat, in the United States generally to maize, and frequently in Scotland to oats.
Research Corn
Corn syrup is a sweet, thick liquid made by treating cornstarch with acids or enzymes. It may be dried and used as corn syrup solids in coffee whiteners, and other dry products. Corn syrup contains no nutritional value other than calories, promotes tooth decay, and is used mainly in foods with little intrinsic nutritional value.
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Cornado is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cornado
Corne de Bique is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Corne de Bique
Corned beef is beef meat which has been 'corned', that is soaked in water with salt and a little potassium nitrate, for about ten days.
Research Corned Beef
Cornelia is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cornelia
Cornish Aromatic is a variety of apple.
Research Cornish Aromatic
Cornish Gilliflower is a variety of apple.
Research Cornish Gilliflower
Cornish herb and garlic is a British, modern, farmhouse, vegetarian fresh cheese made from cow's milk by the Lynher Valley Dairies in Cornwall.
Cornish herb and garlic is mixed with herbs and garlic and the whole cheese rolled in chopped parsley.
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Cornish Pepper is a British, modern, farmhouse, vegetarian fresh cheese made from cow's milk by the Lynher Valley Dairies in Cornwall. Cornish Pepper is sprinkled with cracked peppercorns.
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Cornish Yarg is a British, modern, farmhouse, vegetarian white hard cheese made from cow's milk of the Friesian breed by the Lynher Valley Dairies in Cornwall.
Cornish Yarg is hand-made to a 17th century recipe, the cheese being wrapped in nettles which impart a flavour.
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Corona is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Coronation 1953 is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Corrib is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cort Pendu Plat is a variety of apple.
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Cortland is a variety of apple.
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Cosima is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cosmos is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Costa is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Costella is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cotherstone is a British, traditional, farmhouse, natural rind hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk in Durham.
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Cottage cheese is a traditional European acid curd, lumpy soft cheese made from cow's milk without the use of rennet.
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Cou-cou is a Barbadian dish of boiled chopped okra in a thick cornmeal porridge.
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Cougar Gold is an American, modern, creamery semi-soft cheese made from cow's milk. Cougar Gold was invented in 1948 by Washington State University to encourage quality cheese-making in the state of Washington and became popular.
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Coulommiers is a French, white, soft cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk. It is similar to Brie but smaller and ripens more quickly developing a white Penicillium mould.
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Country Best Bitter is a full and fruity, clean tasting bitter from the McMullen brewery in Hertford.
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Country Stile is a mid-brown draught beer, produced by the Daleside brewery in Harrogate, Yorkshire.
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Coupe is a dish of ice-cream and fruit served in a short-stemmed glass dish, the glass dish also being known as a coupe.
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Courage Best is one of the most popular cask conditioned ales in the south of England. It is a copper-coloured, medium strength ale.
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Courlan is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Court Of Wick is a variety of apple.
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Court Pendu Plat is a variety of apple.
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Couscous is a form of semolina. Traditionally couscous is served in Morocco steamed in a large shallow dish, with a meat and vegetable stew poured over it and eaten as a communal dish shared among family and friends.
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Coverdale is a British, traditional, creamery hard cheese made from cow's milk in North Yorkshire. Production of Coverdale stopped during the 1930's, only to be restarted in 1987.
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Cox's Orange Pippin is a variety of apple.
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Coyuga is a cultivated variety of potato.
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CPC 1563 14 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CPC 1563 14
CPC 1647 B 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CPC 1647 B 1
CPC 1682 C 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CPC 1682 C 1
CPC 2070 69 is a cultivated variety of potato.
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CPC 3354 is a cultivated variety of potato.
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CPC 3364 is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Craftsman is a hoppy, gold, premium ale from Thwaites brewery in Blackburn, Lancashire.
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Craigie toast is an omelette of chilli, tomato and fried bread croutons.
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Craigneil is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Craigs Alliance is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Craigs Bounty is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Craigs Defiance is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Craigs Royal is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Craigs Snow White is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cramond is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Crawley Beauty is a variety of apple.
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Cream is the thicker substance - the fat - that rises to the top of milk which is allowed to stand. It contains all the constituents of milk, with a larger but variable quantity of solids. A medium cream contains 36 percent butterfat, 6 percent albuminoids and 2.5 percent milk sugar. The butterfat content varies between 15 and 56 per cent.
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Cream Ale is a smooth, golden ale brewed in America, originally as a result of brewers trying to imitate the Pilsner style.
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Cream cheese is a modern, creamery, acid curd, rindless fresh cheese sometimes made with a little rennet.
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Creata is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Crebella is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Creme brulee is a baked custard flavoured with cream and cinnamon.
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Creme D'licious is a variety of apple.
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In cooking, the term Creole refers to a style of cooking from the southern states of the USA, particularly Louisiana, which originated from the mixed descendants of European, particularly French, and Black slaves. Creole cooking is characterised by the use of tomatoes, green peppers, onions and pepper mixed together blending French and Caribbean cooking into a particular style.
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Crere Lla is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Crescenza is an Italian traditional farmhouse and creamery fresh cheese made from cow's milk in the Lombardy region.
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Creston is a variety of apple.
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Cresus is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Crimson Beauty is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Crimson Crisp is a variety of apple.
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Crispin is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Crispin
CRISPIN
Crispin is a variety of apple.
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Potato crisps originated as a variety of very thinly sliced fried potatoes, to be served hot with game dishes. Such potatoes were popular at the start of the 20th century.
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Criterion is a variety of apple.
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Croft is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Crofton is a variety of apple.
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Croghan is an Irish, modern, farmhouse, organic, vegetarian, semi-soft cheese made from un-pasteurised goat's milk.
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Cromwell is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cromwell Bitter is a gold, fruity cask bitter from the Marston Moor brewery, North Yorkshire.
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Croque Monsieur is a French snack comprising a toasted cheese and ham sandwich.
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Traditionally, the term croquette is a cooking term for a ball of rice or potato fried. Later the term croquettes was applied to rissoles, in which a savoury mixture of meat, fowl, fish, cheese, nut egg etc. bound together with a sauce and then coated with egg and breadcrumbs and fried.
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Traditional croquettes potatoes were mashed potato rolled into a ball and fried. Later during the 20th century the term croquettes potatoes was applied to potato rissoles, in which mashed potato is rolled into balls or rolls, covered in breadcrumbs and fried.
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Crottin De Chavignol (horse droppings) is a French yellowish white hard natural-rind cheese made from un-pasteurised goat's milk. Grilled
Crottin De Chavignol forms the basis of the chevre salad.
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Croustade is a flan made from a shell of bread, pastry, noodles, rice or mashed potato baked or fried and then filled with a ragout or stew.
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Crowdie is a Scottish porridge made from water and meal.
Crowdie is a traditional Scottish cheese-like dish made by straining the whey from soured milk and beating up the remaining curd with salt.
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Crowley is an American, traditional farmhouse natural rind semi-hard cheese made from cow's milk, the curds being washed in water to remove much of the acid resulting in a cheese that is similar to, but sweeter than, Cheddar.
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Crusader is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Crusted port is port which has finished its fermentation. When port is first bottled its fermentation is not complete; in time it precipitates argol, tartrate of lime and colouring matter on the sides of the bottle, where it forms a crust. Crusted port is of better quality and lighter in colour than otherwise.
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Cruza 27 is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Crystal is a cultivated variety of potato.
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CT 77 18 19 is a cultivated variety of potato.
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CT 77 19 5 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CT 77 19 5
CT 77 20 71 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CT 77 20 71
CT 77 21 9 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CT 77 21 9
CT 77 23 24 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CT 77 23 24
CT 77 23 9 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CT 77 23 9
CT 77 24 16 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CT 77 24 16
Cuajada is a Spanish, traditional, farmhouse and creamery lightly set fresh cheese made from sheep's and goat's milk and used as a substitute for yoghurt and often eaten for breakfast with honey or fruit.
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Cubebs is an eastern condiment made from dried unripe berries of a plant closely related to the pepper.
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Cucullus is a cultivated variety of potato.
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A cuit was a thickened and sweetened wine. It was thickened by boiling down.
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Cullis is a very fine and strong broth, well strained, formerly much used for invalids.
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Culpa is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cultra is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cumberland ale is a gold-coloured bitter with a delicate flavour, from the Jennings brewery in Cockermouth in the Lake District.
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Cumberland sauce is a spicy and tangy fruit sauce made from orange, lemon, water, vinegar, glace cherries, mustard and cayenne pepper. It is served with roast game or mutton.
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Cumnock is a cultivated variety of potato.
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A cup is an alcoholic beverage consisting of the lighter wines, such as claret, sherry, cider, hock, champagne, etc. mixed with soda-water, and sweetened with sugar. Fruit juices and slices of fruit and spices are sometimes added.
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Cupido is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Curacao is a liqueur or cordial prepared from a peculiar kind of bitter oranges growing in Curacao, which have a persistent aromatic odour and taste. It is prepared from the yellow part of the rind, which is steeped in strong alcohol, the infusion being afterwards distilled and rectified and mixed with syrup. For the true orange, the common bitter orange of Europe is often substituted, and the genuine deep-yellow colour imitated by caramel, etc.
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Currant is the name of two well-known shrubs of the order Grossulariaceae, cultivated in gardens for their fruit. The red currant, Ribes rubrum, the fruit of which is used principally for tarts and jellies, is a native of southern Europe, Asia, and North America. The white currant is a cultivated variety of the red, and is used chiefly for dessert and for conversion into wine. The black currant, Rines nigrum, a native to most parts of Europe, and found abundantly in Russia and Siberia, is used for tarts and puddings and for a fine jelly recommended in cases of sore throat. Other currants naturalized in Britain are the ornamental Ribes aureum from Western America, which produces a fine berry, and Ribes sanguineum, the flowering currant, which is insipid but non-poisonous. Many species are indigenous in America. In Australia the name is given to Leucopogen Richei, one of the Epacridaceae, and in Tasmania to certain species of Coprosma, of the natural order Cinchonaceae. The Indian currant of America is the snow-berry, Symphoricarpus racemosus.
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Currant wine is a wine made of the juice of the white or red currant (preferably the former). A pint of water is added to every four pints of berries and afterwards a pound and a half of sugar to each pint, a little spirits being mixed in the liquor before it is set aside to ferment. Fermentation requires several weeks, and the wine is not fit for use for some months. For blackcurrant wine the berries are first put over the fire and heated to the boiling point in as small a quantity of water as possible.
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Curry is an Indian dish composed of various solids - fish, meat, fowl or eggs - served in a hot flavoured sauce. The sauces vary, but are based upon chilli, black pepper, coriander and turmeric.
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Curworthy is a British, traditional, farmhouse, vegetarian hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk from the Friesian breed in Devon.
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Cusoi is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Custard is a usually sweet sauce or desert made from milk or cream and eggs and variously flavoured, most commonly with sugar and vanilla essence. In common custard, the eggs are beaten with the sugar and then milk and the vanilla essence are added. The dish may also be steamed and served set as a desert.
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A custard-kettle is a metal utensil comprising a large pan and a smaller pan which fits inside. The larger pan is partly filled with boiling water, and the smaller pan is then placed in the larger pan and in it custard is traditionally prepared.
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A cutlet is a small slice of veal, mutton or lamb, trimmed into shape and usually part of the rib.
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Cuzco is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cuzko 4 is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cvetnik is a cultivated variety of potato.
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Cwmtawe Pecorino is a Welsh, modern, farmhouse, vegetarian brine-washed rind hard cheese made from un-pasteurised sheep's milk.
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Cycloon is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cycloon
Cykada is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cykada
Cynia is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cynia
Cynthia is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cynthia
Cyraber is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Cyraber
Czarine is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research Czarine
CZI 69 1 is a cultivated variety of potato.
Research CZI 69 1
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Abbreviations
Food & Drink
