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The Probert Encyclopaedia of Food & Drink

DAIQUIRI

Daiquiri is a cocktail made from white rum, grenadine and lemon juice.
Research Daiquiri

DAMPER

A damper is a large, thin cake made of flour and water and baked in hot ashes.
Research Damper

DANABLU

Danablu (Danish Blue) is a Danish, modern, creamery blue cheese made from cow's milk.
Research Danablu

DANBO

Danbo is a Danish, traditional farmhouse and creamery, semi-soft cheese made from cow's milk.
Research Danbo

DANISH SALAD

Danish salad is a salad based upon sliced tomatoes, cooked French beans, cooked green peas, pickled button onions and mayonnaise.
Research Danish Salad

DAREDEVIL WINTER WARMER

Daredevil Winter Warmer is a smooth, fruity beer with a strong, mature flavour, produced by Everards in Narborough, near Leicester.
Research Daredevil Winter Warmer

DAUPHIN

Dauphin is a French semi-soft cheese made from un-pasteurised goat's milk flavoured with tarragon and pepper.
Research Dauphin

DAUPHINE POTATOES

Dauphine potatoes is an accompaniment dish of potatoes reduced to a puree, added to choux pastry, rolled into balls and then fried. Dauphine potatoes are served with grilled or roasted meat and game. Sometimes the potato mixture has grated cheese or ham added to it.
Research Dauphine Potatoes

DAUPHINOISE POTATOES

Dauphinoise Potatoes (potatoes a la dauphinoise) are potatoes cut into thin round slices, arranged in a dish rubbed with garlic and butter, cream poured over them, topped with grated cheese and then baked. Variations include using a mixture of milk, cream and eggs to pour over the potatoes.
Research Dauphinoise Potatoes

DEACON

Deacon is a pale-gold, orangey, dry bitter from the Gibbs Mews brewery in Salisbury, Wiltshire.
Research Deacon

DECANT

Decant means to pour a liquid, wine, sherry or whatever, from one container into another, leaving behind any sediment.
Research Decant

DEEP SHAFT STOUT

Deep Shaft Stout is a black stout produced by the Freeminer brewery, Gloucestershire with a roast-malt flavour.
Research Deep Shaft Stout

DELAWARE

The Delaware is an American variety of sweet, light-red grape.
Research Delaware

DENHAY DORSET DRUM

Denhay Dorset Drum is a British, traditional, farmhouse, vegetarian hard cheese made from cow's milk. Denhay Dorset Drum is a smaller version of traditional Denhay Cheddar, which it resembles but matures quicker.
Research Denhay Dorset Drum

DENOMINAZIONE DI ORIGINE CONTROLLATA

Denominazione di Origine Controllata is an Italian regulation designed to protect certain indigenous cheeses. The regulation sets agreed standards for production and determines areas where the cheeses can be made, thereby preventing substandard copying and helping to prevent extinction of artisan cheeses.
Research Denominazione di Origine Controllata

DERBY

Derby is a British, traditional, creamery hard cheese made from cow's milk in
Derbyshire. Derby was originally made on small farms, but in 1870 became the first British cheese to be made in a factory and is now all but extinct in its true form which resembles Cheddar in texture but softer and flakier.
Research Derby

DERMA

Derma is the name given to beef or fowl intestines used as a casing for certain dishes, especially kishke.
Research Derma

DESIREE

Desiree is a variety of smooth-skinned red potato with a cream coloured flesh.
Desiree is a general purpose variety of potato, suitable for boiling, mashed potato, and less good but acceptable for roasting and frying.
Research Desiree

DEUCHARS IPA

Deuchars IPA is a light Scottish ale brewed by the Caledonian Brewing Company of Edinburgh.
Research Deuchars IPA

DEVON BLUE

Devon Blue is a British modern, farmhouse, vegetarian blue cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk from cows of the Ayrshire breed in Devon.
Research Devon Blue

DEVON GARLAND

Devon Garland is a British, modern, farmhouse vegetarian natural-rind cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk near Exeter in Devon. Devon Garland gets its name from the garland of herbs that are added to it when it is placed to mature.
Research Devon Garland

DEVON GOLD

Devon gold is a straw-coloured, fruity, summer beer from Blackawton in South Devon.
Research Devon Gold

DEW-CUP

The dew-cup was the first allowance of beer to harvestmen in England.
Research Dew-Cup

DIAT PILS

Diat Pils is a lager which undergoes a thorough fermentation which removes almost all the sugars from the bottom-fermented, Pilsner-derived beer. It was originally brewed for diabetics.
Research Diat Pils

DIETETICS

Dietetics is the study of food in relation to the promotion and maintenance of health. Despite the attempts of some authors to claim it is a new science, it has been known and practised for centuries, and the term dietetics precedes the Second World War.
Research Dietetics

DIGESTIVE BISCUIT

Digestive biscuits were originally biscuits specially prepared so as to contain diastase which assisted the digestion.
Research Digestive Biscuit

DINNER

Prior to the Second World War, dinner parties were an extraordinary part of life among the wealthy British and French, ruled by complex rituals and etiquette. The menu for a dinner consisted typically of nine courses: hors d'oeuvres; soup; fish; entrees; removes (a main dish of boiled, braised or roasted meat accompanied by vegetables); roast (poultry or game simply roasted and accompanied often by salad and chipped potatoes); sweets; coffee. With the sweets course further divided into three distinct courses of: a dressed vegetable; a sweet dish; a savoury dish (including cheese). With a choice of dishes offered for most courses, for example a thick soup and one clear. The diner was expected to make a prompt decision as to their choice, without hesitation, but was not required to partake of every course, although this was acceptable manners. Rather the supply of so many varied courses, a choice of soups and two fish courses, was to provide something for everyone in case any guests didn't like a particular meat, game or fish.

Upon arriving at the dinner table, the servants or the host would typically indicate where the guests were to sit, the man sitting to the left of the lady the host had arranged for his to accompany to dinner. At the table the guests would find the hors d'oeuvres ready to hand, and bread wrapped in their napkin. Contrary to modern tradition, the bread was eaten with the fish course, and not with the soup. Before the late 19th century it was customary at dinner to wait for everyone to be seated and served before starting to eat. However, by Victorian times this practise was dispensed with, and guests started eating immediately. The soup would usually be accompanied by croutons or fried bread crumbs, passed around the dinner table in a dish with a spoon in the dish for the guests to serve themselves. Sauces and accompaniments to the courses were usually served by the guest onto their own plate, and experience was required in not appearing rude by taking either too little or too much. As a rule, sauces were always taken sparingly.

Complex rules governed which implements were to be used to eat which foods. Oysters for example were eaten with a fish knife and fork; fish rissoles with a fish fork only; savouries with a fork; bread broken and touched only by the fingers; celery and asparagus with the fingers; watercress with the fingers; cheese cut with the supplied cheese knife and conveyed to the mouth on a piece of bread or biscuit; jellies and creams with a fork; tarts with a spoon and fork; bananas were peeled with a knife and fork and eaten with a fork; oranges cut and eaten with a fork; apples, pears, peaches and apricots were peeled with a knife and fork and eaten with the fork; strawberries were held by the stalk, dipped in sugar and cream and then eaten; strawberries without a stalk were eaten with a spoon; pineapple and melon was eaten with a spoon; preserved ginger was eaten with a knife and fork; nuts were cracked with a nutcracker; brazil nuts and filberts were peeled with a knife and fork; crystallised fruits were eaten with a knife and fork.

With the dinner a choice and selection of wines would be offered. Prior to the late 19th century it was considered unmanly for a gentleman not to partake of wine, but by Victorian times it was perfectly acceptable for either a man or lady to request water with the meal. Following the deserts a choice of two liqueurs would often be offered, of which it was polite to choose only one, and not both!
Research Dinner

DIRECTORS

Directors is a strong English ale brewed by the Courage brewery.
Research Directors

DODINE

Originally dodine was a Mediaeval sauce served with roasted poultry. Various recipes existed, but were basically a spicy sauce placed under the roasting meat to collect the juices, and then blended together. A classic dodine sauce comprised milk, ginger, egg yolk and sugar; another toast which had been soaked in red wine and then sieved, combined with onions, bacon, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves sugar and salt.
In modern times, the term dodine is usually applied to a dish of boned, stuffed and braised poultry, usually duck.
Research Dodine

DOG'S-NOSE

Dog's-nose is a drink comprising a mixture of gin and beer.
Research Dog's-Nose

DOGBOLTER

Dogbolter is an Australian bottom-fermenting dark lager from the Matilda Bay brewing company of Perth. The beer is cask-matured before bottling, taking twice as long to produce as most Australian beers.
Research Dogbolter

DOLCELATTE

Dolcelatte is an Italian modern creamery blue cheese, similar to Gorgonzola but milder, made from cow's milk in the Lombardy region.
Research Dolcelatte

DOLCELATTE TORTA

Dolcelatte Torta (also known as Gorgonzola Torta) is an Italian, modern creamery natural rind blue cheese made from cow's milk and comprising layers of mascarpone cream alternating with layers of Dolcelatte cheese.
Research Dolcelatte Torta

DOLMA

Dolma is a dish of stuffed vine leaves, popular in Greece and Turkey. The vine leaves are stuffed with a mixture of cooked rice and minced lamb and served warm or cold as an hors d'oeuvres.
Research Dolma

DOLPHIN BEST

Dolphin Best is a dry, amber, cask bitter brewed by the Poole brewery, Dorset.
Research Dolphin Best

DONER KEBAB

A doner kebab is a Turkish dish comprising sliced lamb, arranged on a skewer and pressed, and then grilled vertically so that the fat runs down basting the meat. The meat is then thinly sliced off against the slices and served in warm pita bread with salad and chilli sauce.
Research Doner Kebab

DOOLIN

Doolin is an Irish, modern, co-operative, vegetarian Gouda-style hard cheese made from cow's milk and with a waxed rind.
Research Doolin

DOPPELBOCK

Doppelbock is a extra-strong style of bock beer, usually around 7.5% alcohol.
Research Doppelbock

DORSET BEST

Dorset Best also known as Badger Best Bitter is a Hall and Woodhouse cask ale with a bitter hop and fruit flavour.
Research Dorset Best

DOSA

Dosa is a type of Indian pancake made from rice or dal batter often flavoured with ginger and chilli.
Research Dosa

DOUBLE CHANCE

Double chance is a malty bitter from the Malton brewery of North Yorkshire.
Research Double Chance

DOUBLE DIAMOND

Double diamond is Ind Coope's famous dark amber bottled pale ale from Burton-on-Trent, which after a period of promotion as a weak keg beer, saw its reputation restored as a bottled ale, particularly in the stronger export version. It is also occasionally available as a cask beer.
Research Double Diamond

DOUBLE GLOUCESTER

Double Gloucester is a British, traditional farmhouse and creamery natural-rind hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk made in Gloucestershire since the 16th century. Double Gloucester differs from single Gloucester in being made from full-cream milk, single Gloucester being made from skimmed milk. Most
Double Gloucester is now made in factories, but traditional cheese is available.
Research Double Gloucester

DOUBLE MAXIM

Double Maxim is a classic, strong, amber coloured brown ale with a smooth, fruity taste formerly from the Double Maxim Beer Company in Sunderland.
Research Double Maxim
More information about Double Maxim

DOUBLE STOUT

Double stout is an old-fashioned stout, revived in 1996 after 79 years by the Hook Norton brewery in Banbury.
Research Double Stout

DOUBLE WORCESTER

Double Worcester is a British, modern, farmhouse natural-rind hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk from cows of the Friesian breed. Double Worcester resembles Double Gloucester, but is made as a smaller cheese in the neighbouring county of Worcester.
Research Double Worcester

DRAGONSLAYER

Dragonslayer is a yellowish real ale with a dry malt and hops flavour, from B&T, Bedfordshire.
Research Dragonslayer

DRAMBUIE

Drambuie is a brand of liqueur comprising Scotch whisky mixed with honey made from heather and herbs.
Research Drambuie

DRAMMOCK

Drammock (drammach) is an uncooked mixture of oatmeal and cold water.
Research Drammock

DRAUGHT BASS

Draught Bass is a superb British bitter with a malty flavour and light hop bitterness.
Research Draught Bass

DRAUGHT BURTON ALE

Draught Burton Ale is a full-bodied ale from the Carlsberg-Tetley brewery in Burton-on-Trent.
Research Draught Burton Ale

DRAWWELL BITTER

Drawwell bitter is a cask beer from the Hanby brewery in Shropshire.
Research Drawwell Bitter

DREUX A LA FEUILLE

Dreux A La Feuille is a French soft-white cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk and wrapped in chestnut leaf to impart flavour.
Research Dreux A La Feuille

DRUMSTICK

Drumstick is the name given to the lower leg of poultry which resembles a pestle in shape.
Research Drumstick

DRY JACK

Dry Jack is an American, traditional farmhouse vegetarian natural rind hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk, the rind rubbed with oil, cocoa and pepper. Dry Jack was invented by accident when some young Jack Cheeses were stored for several weeks to make shelf room by a wholesaler, only to discover they had aged into a Parmesan-style hard cheese.
Research Dry Jack

DUCHESS POTATOES

Duchess potatoes are mashed potatoes, piped onto a baking tray and sprinkled with beaten egg before being baked.
Research Duchess Potatoes

DUCKANOO

Duckanoo is a West African cake-like pudding made from cornmeal, coconut, milk, sugar, butter, currants or raisins, and flavoured with nutmeg and vanilla.
Research Duckanoo

DUDDLESWELL

Duddleswell is a British, modern, farmhouse hard cheese made from un-pasteurised sheep's milk in East Sussex.
Research Duddleswell

DUNKEL

Dunkel is a German style of dark, soft, malty brown lager.
Research Dunkel

DUNLOP

Dunlop is a Scottish, traditional, farmhouse, vegetarian, natural rind hard cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk from the Ayrshire breed.
Research Dunlop

DUNSYRE BLUE

Dunsyre Blue is a Scottish, modern, farmhouse, vegetarian, blue cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk from the Ayrshire breed.
Research Dunsyre Blue

DURHAM MUSTARD

Durham mustard is English mustard which has been ground in a mill, rather than pounded in mortar. Durham mustard was invented by a Mrs Clements and received the royal approval of George I.
Research Durham Mustard

DURRUS

Durrus is an Irish, modern, farmhouse, vegetarian semi-soft washed-rind cheese made from un-pasteurised cow's milk.
Research Durrus

DUTCH OVEN

Picture of Dutch Oven

A Dutch oven is a large, heavy, saucepan with a close-fitting lid used for braising meat, making soup and similar dishes. Now almost obsolete in Britain, they are still widely used on a day-to-day basis in Jamaica and possibly other Caribbean cultures, where they are known as 'Dutch Pot' or ' Dutchie'.
Research Dutch Oven

DUTCH SAUCE

Dutch sauce is a white sauce made with milk to which is added an egg yolk and lemon juice or vinegar.
Research Dutch Sauce

DUTCH STEW

Dutch stew is a stew of mutton, cabbage and potatoes.
Research Dutch Stew

DYLANS ALE

Dylans Ale is an English ale brewed by the Brain, Crown Buckley brewery of Cardiff to celebrate the poetry of Dylan Thomas. It is a full-bodied mature ale with a mellow flavour and a subtle hop aroma.
Research Dylans Ale

 
 
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