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In architecture a gable is the vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. The name is also, given to a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence the term applies to the end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side, and a decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.
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In architecture a gablet is a small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.
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In architecture a gain is a square or bevelled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.
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In architecture a Galilee is a porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. The name is also frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals.
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In architecture, gallaery is a long, narrow room, the length of which is at least three times its width, often built to receive a collection of pictures. The term gallery is also sometimes applied to what is more properly termed a corridor, likewise to a platform projecting from the walls of a building supported by piers, pillars, brackets, or consoles, and in churches, theatres, and similar buildings, to the upper floors going round the building next the wall.
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In architecture a gambrel roof is a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.
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In Gothic architecture a gargoyle is a spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved as a Grotesque figure, such as the head or figure of an animal or monster.
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A garret is the space immediately below the roof, such as the attic or loft in a house. The term was also formerly applied to a turret projecting from the top of a tower or from the parapet of a fortification, and used for a watch-tower.
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In building, a gasket is the term given to any resilient material used in a joint to prevent leakage. In a door or door frame a strip of resilient material used to provide a tight seal between the door and its frame is known as a gasket.
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Gauged lime plaster is lime plaster to which has been added a small amount of plaster of Paris to accelerate the set and to reduce shrinkage and cracking.
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Georgian is a period of English architecture, furniture making, and decorative art between 1714 and 1830. The architecture is mainly Classical in style, although external details and interiors were often rich in Rococo carving. Furniture at this time was often made of mahogany and satinwood, and mass production became increasingly common; designers included Thomas Chippendale, George Hepplewhite, and Thomas Sheraton. The silver of this period is particularly fine, and ranges from the earlier, simple forms to the ornate, and from the Neo-Classical style of Robert Adam to the later, more decorated pre-Victorian taste. Georgian architecture features columns inspired by Classical designs, and using the Doric Order, Ionic Order and Corinthian Order. Front doors are typically panelled, large, with columns or decorations either side and a semi-circular window above. Windows were typically sash windows, tall and well proportioned, with wooden glazing bars and equal sized glass panes.
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The Georgian pot is a British chimney pot comprising a conical pot with a raised short top band supported by four vertical bands providing ventilation holes at the top of the pot.
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Gesso is a composition of whiting and glue - sometimes plaster of Paris and glue or size - used for the execution of relief work on woodwork and plaster. Gesso can be modelled when wet and carved when dry.
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In architecture a girder is a main beam; a straight, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such as the ends of floor beams, etc. and hence, a framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a compound girder.
Wooden girders were sometimes cut in two longitudinally and an iron plate inserted between the pieces, and the whole bolted together. This species of girder was called a sandwich-girder.
During the great engineering period of the Victorians, for bridges cast-iron girders were sometimes cast in lengths of 40 feet and upwards, but when the span to be crossed was much greater than 40 feet, recourse was had to wrought-iron, or to trussed, lattice, or box girders, and cast-iron was little used by the start of the 20th century.
A trussed-girder is a wooden girder strengthened with iron.
A lattice-girder is a girder consisting of two horizontal beams united by diagonal crossing bars, somewhat resembling wooden lattice-work.
A box-girder is a kind of girder resembling a large box, such as those employed in tubular bridges. There are also bowstring-girders, which are varieties of the lattice-girder, and consist of an arched beam, a horizontal tie resisting tension and holding together the ends of the arched rib, a series of vertical suspending bars by which the platform is hung from the arched rib, and a series of diagonal braces between the suspending bars.
The term girder is also applied in architecture to a small circular band around a column - like the steel band around an old wooden barrel (which is also called a girder).
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In architecture a glut is an arched opening to the ash pit of a kiln.
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In architecture a glyph is a sunken channel or groove, usually vertical.
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In architecture a godroon is an ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded moulding.
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Gold bronze is a light coloured bronze powder made from copper alloy and mainly used in decorative interior work. Gold bronze tends to tarnish unless protected by a lacquer.
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In architecture, the gorge is the narrowest part of the Tuscan and Doric capitals, lying between the astragal, above the shaft of the pillar, and the annulets.
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In architecture a gorgerin is a term used to describe in some columns, that part of the capital between the termination of the shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or the space between two neck mouldings.
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In architecture a gorgoneion is a mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head.
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In architecture a the term Gothic refers to something off or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions. The style was prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 and the term Gothic was applied with contempt by the architects of the renaissance period to the earlier Mediaeval architecture which they saw as clumsy and barbarian..
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In architecture a gradatory is a series of steps from a cloister into a church.
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In architecture a gradin is any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like or a set raised over another.
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In architecture a gradino is a step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar.
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Graniting is the imitation of granite in paint. The work is grounded out in red or grey, and when dry is sponge stippled with black, blue-grey and green-grey, red and white colours, with the darker colours being applied first.
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Granulated cork is used as a wall covering in anti-condensation treatments.
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The Great Wall of China is an artificial barrier extending for about 1500 miles in the north of China proper, of which it partly forms the boundary. Its western end is in the deserts of Central Asia, its eastern reaches the sea to the north-eastward of Beijing. It was erected as a barrier against the inroads of the barbarous tribes, and dates from about 214 BC. It is carried over height and hollow, and avoids no inequality of the ground, reaching in one place the height of over 5000 feet above the sea. Earth, gravel, brick, and stone were used in its construction, and in some places it is much more substantial than in others. Its greatest height, including the parapet on its top, is about 50 feet, and it is strengthened by towers at regular distances.
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A greenhouse is a building constructed chiefly of glass for the preservation of delicate plants. A greenhouse is sometimes distinguished from a hothouse by not requiring artificial heat during summer, and from a true conservatory in having the plants in pots and not in the ground. The lean-to form, in which advantage is taken of a house or garden wall as a support, is frequently used, but the growth of plants in such houses is one-sided, and the span or arch-roofed structures, with glass on all sides, are to be preferred. The materials used are chiefly glass, wood, and metal or plastic.
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In architecture a groin is the projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.
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In architecture a groined vault is a vault having groins, that is, one in which different cylindrical surfaces intersect one another, as distinguished from a barrel vault.
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In architecture a ground is a piece of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings, etc.
Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.
In painting and decorating, ground is a loose term applied to a surface to which paint is to be applied.
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A ground brush (pound brush or 4/0) is a heavy, substantial painter's brush of an old-fashioned round shape with bristles projecting some fifteen centimetres beyond the binding. A ground brush spreads paint very evenly.
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In brick laying, a ground joint is a closely fitted joint in the masonry, usually without mortar. The term is also used in architecture to describe a machined metal joint which fits together tightly without packing or a gasket.
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In architecture a grouped columns describes three or more columns placed upon the same pedestal.
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In decorating, a guide coat is a very thin coating of spirit colour which is applied to a surface which has been filled and levelled, in order to indicate whether the filling has been thoroughly carried out and completed, or whether there are still indentations which require filling. A guide coat is generally composed of turpentine tinted with Prussian blue or drop black and brushed onto the surface and allowed to dry. The surface is then gently sanded with a block, removing the guide coat from the surface, but not from any indentations which may still exist.
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The Guildhall was the city hall of London, Cheapside, first built in 1411, all but consumed in the great fire of 1666 and in 1669 rebuilt. The front was not erected until 1789. The most remarkable room is the hall, 153 feet long, 48 wide, and 55 high, used for city feasts, etc. It contains the curious wooden statues of Gog and Magog. In the common-council room is a collection of pictures, some of them valuable. There is also a library in the Guildhall.
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In architecture a guilloche is an ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with round ornaments.
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In architecture a gutta is one of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order.
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In architecture a gutter member is an architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement.
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Gymnasium is the name given by the Greeks to the public building where the young men, quite naked (hence the name, from gymnos, naked), exercised themselves in leaping, running, throwing the discus and spear, wrestling, and pugilism. Its objects, however, were also extended to the exercise of the mind; for here philosophers, rhetoricians, and teachers of various branches of knowledge delivered their lectures. Gymnasia were latterly composed of a number of connected buildings, spacious enough to admit many thousands.
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Abbreviations
Architecture
