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In architecture, a label or label moulding is a moulding over a door, window or other opening, often just a plain strip of masonry or other material, used to divert rain water from running down the opening, and instead diverting it around the opening rather like a simple, flat gutter.
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In architecture, a label-stop is a termination of a label moulding. Label-stops may be simply the label-moulding turning away from the opening, or may be a more ornate carving at the end of the label moulding.
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In architecture a labyrinth is a pattern or design representing a maze. They are often inlaid in the tiled floor of a church, etc.
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In civil engineering, lacing is the practice of laying a course of bricks or stone, etc. for strengthening a rubble or flint wall.
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In architecture a lacunar is the ceiling or under surface of any part of a structure, especially when it consists of compartments, sunk or hollowed without spaces or bands between the panels. The term is also applied to one of the sunken panels in such a ceiling.
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The Lady Broughton pot was an ornamental British clay chimney pot, produced in various heights between 32 and 120 cm.
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In architecture a laminated arch is a timber arch made of layers of bent planks secured by treenails.
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In architecture a lancet arch is a pointed arch, of which the width, or span, is narrow compared with the height.
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Lancet Architecture is a name given to a style of architecture, in which lancet arches are common. It was peculiar to England in the 13th century.
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In architecture a landing is the level part of a staircase, at the top of a flight of stairs, or connecting one flight with another.
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In architecture a lantern is an open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior. The term is also applied to a cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns; and to a smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light; such as the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington DC, or that of the Florence cathedral.
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A lattice is a framework of laths crossed diagonally so as to form a net-like structure to be used as a screen or door.
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In architecture a lattice girder is a girder of which the wed consists of diagonal pieces crossing each other in the manner of latticework.
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Laying in is decorating terminology for preparing a surface for a further treatment. The laying in may involve painting the surface prior to texturing for example.
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Laying off is decorating terminology for finishing an area of paintwork with very light brush strokes so as to eliminate brushmarks.
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In architecture a lean-to is a roof having only one slope or pitch; or a shed or slight building placed against the wall of a larger structure and having a single-pitched roof.
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In architecture a ledger is a large flat stone, especially one laid over a tomb. The term is also applied to a horizontal piece of timber secured to the uprights and supporting floor timbers, a staircase, scaffolding, or the like. It differs from an intertie in being intended to carry weight.
In scaffolding, a ledger is a primary horizontal member used to tie the scaffolding longitudinally and support the transoms and putlogs.
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In architecture a ledgment is a string-course or horizontal suit of mouldings, such as the base mouldings of a building. The term is also applied to the development of the surface of a body on a plane, so that the dimensions of the different sides may be easily ascertained.
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In architecture, a lesene is a vertical strip resembling a pilaster, but without either a base or a capitol. Lesenes are a feature of Anglo-Saxon and Romanesque architecture.
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A lich-gate (lych-gate) is a roofed gateway at the entrance to a churchyard where the coffin is placed to await the arrival of the clergyman.
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A lichgate is the covered gate at the entrance to a churchyard. Lichgates are common in British country churches.
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In Gothic vaulting, a lierne rib is any rib which does not spring from the impost and is not a ridge rib, but passes from one boss or intersection of the principal ribs to another.
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Lime plaster is a type of plaster used as a thin skimming coat for walls and ceilings. Lime plaster is produced by slaking quicklime by means of adding water to it, the milk of lime which is obtained being sieved and allowed to stand for two weeks during which time it fattens into 'lime putty'. As it dries, lime plaster absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form a firm, compact layer of calcium carbonate.
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Lime water is a weak solution of lime putty dissolved in water used in decorating for washing down painted surfaces prior to repainting. Lime water is less aggressive towards grease than sugar soap, but less harmful to existing paintwork. Care should be taken not to allow the lime water to dry, but rather to rinse it off with clean water, lest the lime remains and reacts with the paint later applied.
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Limewash is an ancient treatment used for brickwork, plaster and stonework. In its simplest form limewash consists of newly slaked lime mixed with water. The limewash is often tinted with lime blue so that the resulting opaque finish is a cleaner white. Limewash prevents mould and lichen growths, and is cheap and easy to apply, but needs to be renewed quite frequently.
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The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a group of six buildings, and an outdoor band shell, designed for musical and theatrical performances and to provide related educational facilities, located on the west side of Manhattan, in New York City. The design of the complex was the work of several eminent contemporary American architects. In the 1950s the Metropolitan Opera Company and the New York Philharmonic found that they needed new quarters; to meet their needs the Lincoln Center corporation was organised, under the direction of the American businessman and philanthropist John Davison Rockefeller III. Construction began in 1959, financed largely by private funds, with contributions from the city, state, and federal governments.
The first building completed (in 1962) was Philharmonic Hall, now renamed the Avery Fisher Hall. The hall was designed by Max Abramovitz; the lobby space contains two monumental wire and metal sculptures by the American sculptor Richard Lippold. After a series of renovations to rectify acoustical problems, a new interior was designed by Philip Johnson in 1976. The next building completed, also to Johnson's designs, was the New York State Theatre (in 1964), directly across an imposing fountain court from the Avery Fisher Hall. The State Theatre is the home of the New York City Ballet and the New York City Opera companies. Flanked by the other two buildings is the enormous Metropolitan Opera House (built in 1966), designed by Wallace K Harrison and decorated with murals by the French painter Marc Chagall. Just south of it is Damrosch Park, with its band shell for outdoor concerts. The Vivian Beaumont Theatre (built in 1965), the work of the architect Eero Saarinen, is the home of the Lincoln Center Theatre. Adjacent to it is the Library and Museum of the Performing Arts (built in 1965), designed by the firm of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill. Part of the New York Public Library system, it provides reference services; circulating and research collections of books, publications, and recordings; facilities for listening to recordings; and free recitals and films. The Lincoln Center was completed in 1969 with the opening of a building housing the Alice Tully Hall, for chamber music recitals and film showings, and the Juilliard School.
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Lincrusta-Walton is a low-relief composition made from oxidised linseed oil to which suitable filling agents have been added. Lincrusta-Walton is used for wood effects and limitations and other patterns in the decorating trade.
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In architecture a lintel is a horizontal member spanning an opening, and carrying the superincumbent weight by means of its strength in resisting crosswise fracture.
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In architecture a listel is a small square moulding or fillet.
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In architecture a lobby is a passage or hall of communication, especially when large enough to serve also as a waiting room. It differs from an antechamber in that a lobby communicates between several rooms, and an antechamber to one only; but this distinction is not carefully preserved.
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In architecture a lock rail is the horizontal member of a door to which the lock or handle is attached.
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In architecture a loggia is a roofed open gallery. It differs from a veranda in being more architectural, and in forming more decidedly a part of the main edifice to which it is attached; it differs from a porch, in being intended not as an entrance but as an out-of-door sitting-room.
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Lombardic is the style of architecture that prevailed in Lombardy and part of Upper Italy, and which for a long time was recognised as a distinct Lombard style, presenting essential points of difference from the other Later Romanesque styles. In the Lombard churches the type of early Christian architecture was abandoned, and the vaulted basilica was introduced instead, although this system was subjected to several necessary modifications.
Many peculiarities assert themselves in which the vaulted basilicas of Lombardy differ from those of other countries. This occurs particularly in the facades , which have not, as has usually the case, a higher central portion and low side divisions, but which present one mass, terminating in a gable above, under the slopes of which, as well as in the choir and dome, are introduced arcade galleries. The separation into central and side divisions, as marking out the nave and the aisles, is only effected in a way that harmonises but indifferently with the whole by means of pilasters and half-columns. Beside the small arcade galleries below the gable, the whole of the facade is frequently decorated with one or more of these rows of arcades one above another, either continuous or grouped, with pilaster strips between the groups. The west front is sometimes embellished with a large and elegant rose window, which in fact forms one of the chief beauties of the facades of many of the churches in Italy, which are built in the Later Romanesque style.
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The London roll is a slightly ornamental, tall, clay chimney pot with a broad base and distinct horizontal bands along its length.
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A longhouse is a one-storey building with residential quarters and also livestock shelters under one continuous roof.
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In architecture a lotus is an ornament much used in Egyptian architecture, and generally asserted to have been suggested by the Egyptian water lily.
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Louis Quinze (Louis the Fifteenth) is a style of French classical, rococo and early neoclassical architecture from the reign of Louis XV in the 18th century. The Louis Quinze style is characterised by its charm, lightness and elegance. An example of the Louis Quinze style is the palace-fronted buildings of the Place de la Concorde in Paris.
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In architecture a louvre is a small lantern.
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In architecture louvre boards are the sloping boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left otherwise unfilled, such as belfry windows (which are then known as louvre windows), the openings of a louvre, &c.
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A louvre pot was a British clay chimney pot. Various numbers of louvre bands were produced, and as such the four ring louvre and five ring louvre are commonly encountered.
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In architecture a low side window is a peculiar form of window common in mediaeval churches, though of uncertain use. Windows of this sort are narrow, near the ground, and out of the line of the windows, and in many different situations in the building.
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In architecture a lozenge-moulding is a kind of moulding, used in Norman architecture, characterized by lozenge-shaped ornaments.
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In architecture a lucarne is a dormer window.
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In architecture a lunette is a surface of semicircular or segmental form; the term is especially applied to the piece of wall between the curves of a vault and its springing line.
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In architecture a luthern is a dormer window.
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In architecture a lying panel is a panel in which the grain of the wood is horizontal.
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Abbreviations
Architecture
