|
In Roman architecture, a sacellum was an unroofed space consecrated to a divinity. Later the name was taken for a small monumental chapel in a Christian church.
 Research Sacellum
The Sacre-Coeur is a magnificent church in the Montmartre region of Paris, France. At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 two Parisien Catholic businessmen, Alexandre Legentil and Rohault de Fleury, vowed to build a church dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Christ should Paris be spared the impending onslaught. The two men lived and Paris was saved, despite a lengthy siege, so they commenced work to build the Sacre-Coeur basilica in 1875. The design was drawn up by Paul Abadie and the project taken on by Archbishop Guibert of Paris, and the church finished in 1914 but not consecrated until 1919 due to the German invasion during the Great War. The bell tower of the Sacre-Coeur is 83 meters tall and contains one of the world's heaviest bells, weighing 18.5 tonnes.
Research Sacre-Coeur
In architecture a saddle is the threshold of a door, when a separate piece from the floor or landing. It is so called because it spans and covers the joint between two floors.
In civil engineering a saddle is a block on top of one of the towers of a suspension bridge over which the cables or chains pass.
Research Saddle
In architecture a saddle bar is one the small iron bars to which the lead panels of a glazed window are secured.
Research Saddle Bar
In architecture a saddle roof (or saddleback roof) is a roof having two gables and one ridge. The term is generally said of such a roof when it is used in places where a different form is more common, for example in the case of a tower surmounted by a saddle roof.
Research Saddle Roof
In architecture, a sagitta is the keystone of an arch.
Research Sagitta
A sanctuary is the most sacred part of any religious building. The term is especially applied to that part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed.
Research Sanctuary
The Sankey pot is a British chimney pot produced with a round and with a square base. The Sankey pot has a body containing large square ventilation outlets and a conical top and a distinct, wider base differentiating it from the Venetian pot.
Research Sankey Pot
In architecture, a sash-window is a window, consisting of two frames usually made of wood, fitted with one or more panes of glass either of which frames which may be slid up and down in grooves and are held in position by cords and weights in the window aperture.
Research Sash-Window
The Savoy Palace was an old palace in London, between the Strand and the Thames Embankment. It derived its name from Peter, Count of Savoy, whom was granted the site by Henry III in 1246. As the residence of John of Gaunt, the palace suffered severely in the Wat Tyler rebellion of 1381. It was restored by Henry VII, and in 1505 was endowered by him as a hospital for the poor. Within its walls John of France lay a prisoner, and the Savoy Conference on the Book of Common Prayer took place there in 1661. The site is now occupied by the Savoy Hotel, Savoy Theatre and other buildings.
Research Savoy Palace
Scaffolding is a temporary framework consisting of poles or metal tubes and planks &c. on, or from which, work may be performed during the construction or maintenance of a building. In Britain scaffolding tends to be comrpsied of metal tubes. In the Third World wooden poles and in the Far East bamboo poles are commonly used.
Research Scaffolding
Scagliola is an imitation marble effect. Scagliola itself is generally confined to interior work and consists of fine plaster of Paris mixed with Flanders glue, which after application is polished, and into which pieces of gypsum and marble may be embedded. The term is also sometimes given to plastic paint treatments which also imitate marble or stonework.
Research Scagliola
A scamillus is a sort of second plinth or block, below the bases of Ionic and Corinthian columns, generally without mouldings, and of smaller size horizontally than the pedestal.
Research Scamillus
In architecture, the shaft of a column or the apophyge of a shaft are known as the 'scape'.
Research Scape
A scarcement is an offset where a wall or bank of earth, etc., retreats, leaving a shelf or footing.
Research Scarcement
Schonbrunn is an Austrian royal residence, south-west of Vienna. Construction was started by Leopold I and completed by Maria Theresa around 1745. Within its walls the Treaty of Vienna was signed in 1809.
Research Schonbrunn
In architecture a sconcheon (squinch or sconce) is a small arch thrown across the corner of a square room to support a superimposed mass, as where an octagonal spire or drum rests upon a square tower, for example.
Research Sconcheon
A scotia was originally a sunken moulding in the base of a pillar, so called from the dark shadow it casts. The term has become applied to any concave moulding used especially in classical architecture.
Research Scotia
In architecture, a screed is a strip of plaster of the thickness proposed for the coat, applied to the wall at intervals of about one meter, as a guide. The term is also used to describe a wooden straightedge used to lay across the plaster screed, as a limit for the thickness of the coat.
Research Screed
In architecture, a screen is a dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, or the like.
Research Screen
In architecture a scroll is an ornament formed of undulations giving off spirals or sprays, usually suggestive of a plant form. Roman architectural ornamentation is largely of some
scroll pattern.
Research Scroll
In architecture, the seats in the chancel of a church near the altar for the officiating clergy during intervals of service are known as sedilia.
Research Sedilia
Sekes were the places in pagan temples in which the images of the deities were enclosed.
Research Sekes
A semidome is a roof or ceiling covering a semi-circular room or recess, or one of nearly that shape, like the apse of a church, a niche, or the like. It is approximately the quarter of a hollow sphere.
Research Semidome
In architecture a semitransept is the half of a transept, for example the north
semitransept of a church.
Research Semitransept
In architecture a septfoil is an ornamental foliation having seven lobes.
Research Septfoil
In architecture, a setting coat is the finishing or last coat of plastering applied to walls and ceilings.
Research Setting Coat
In architecture, the term settlement refers to the gradual sinking of a building, whether by the yielding of the ground under the foundation, or by the compression of the joints or the material. The term is also applied to the fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.
Research Settlement
In architecture a severy (or civery) is a bay or compartment of a vaulted ceiling.
Research Severy
Sgraffito or graffito is a method of decorating involving scratching through a layer of plaster to reveal a different coloured ground. Sgraffito is an ancient form of decorating, with examples being evident in the ruins of Pompeii.
Research Sgraffito
In architecture the shaft refers to the body of a column, that is the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base.
Research Shaft
In architecture the space between two channels of the Doric triglyph are known as the shank.
Research Shank
In decorating, sheen refers to a slight degree of gloss or lustre evident on an eggshell finish or semi-gloss finish.
Research Sheen
In architecture, a shoe is a trough-shaped or spout-shaped member, put at the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves gutter, so as to throw the water off from the building.
Research Shoe
A shot window is a projecting window, they are frequently found providing light to an otherwise dark stairway.
Research Show Window
In architecture a sill course is a horizontal course of stone, terra cotta, or the like, built into a wall at the level of one or more window sills, these sills often forming part of it.
Research Sill Course
In architecture a skew is a stone at the foot of the slope of a gable, the offset of a buttress, or the like, cut with a sloping surface and with a check to receive the coping stones and retain them in place.
Research Skew
A skew-bridge is a type of bridge which, instead of crossing a road or river at right angles to its course, makes an oblique angle with it, in order that the continuity of the road may be preserved.
Research Skew-bridge
Skirting board is the board running around the base of the wall of a room.
Research Skirting Board
In scaffoldinga sleeve coupler is a coupler used to join two tubes end to end, and which grips the outside of the tubes as opposed to a joint pin which grips the internal surfaces of the tubes to be joined.
Research Sleeve Coupler
In architecture a slype is a narrow passage between two buildings, as between the transept and chapter house of a monastery, for example.
Research Slype
A snap line is a mark made by a length of string or twine which has been rubbed with chalk and which is held firmly at each end and then plucked. Snap lines are used to provide clean straight vertical lines during decorating.
Research Snap Line
A sneck is a door or gate latch. The term is also applied to the lever which raises the bar of the latch.. The word sneck is chiefly used in Scotland and the north of England, being a very obscure term in the southern counties.
Research Sneck
In architecture, snib is an old Scottish and Irish term for a lock, catch, or fastening for a door, window, etc.
Research Snib
In architecture, a socle is a plain block or plinth forming a low pedestal. The term is especially used for the base of a statue, column, or the like.
Research Socle
A soffit is the underside of any architectural structure. For example an arch, balcony, cornice, vault, etc. The term is especially applied to the under-surface of a board nailed to the underside of rafters under overhanging eaves. Recently the term has been extended to describe the uppermost part of the inside of a drainpipe, sewer-pipe, etc.
Research Soffit
A soirette paper is a self-coloured satinette wallpaper with a low-relief pattern.
Research Soirette Paper
In architecture, a solid newel is a newel into which the ends of winding stairs are built, in distinction from a hollow newel.
Research Solid Newel
In masonry, spalling is the rough shaping of irregular stone blocks by chipping with a spalling hammer.
Research Spalling
In architecture a spandrel is the irregular triangular space between the curve of an arch and the enclosing right angle; or the space between the outer mouldings of two contiguous arches and a horizontal line above them, or another arch above and enclosing them.
Research Spandrel
In architecture a spar was formerly, a piece of timber, in a general sense, now the term is more applied to rafters.
Research Spar
In architecture a sparpiece is the collar beam of a roof.
Research Sparpiece
In architecture the spiral axis is the axis of a twisted column drawn spirally in order to trace the circumvolutions without.
Research Spiral Axis
In architecture a spire is the name given to the roof of a tower when of a pyramidal form and high in proportion to its width. The name is also given to the pyramidal or aspiring termination of a tower which can not be said to have a roof, such as that of Strasburg cathedral; and to the tapering part of a steeple, or the steeple itself.
Research Spire
In architecture and joinery a splay (abbreviated from display) is a slope or bevel, especially of the sides of a door or window, by which the opening is made large at one face of the wall than at the other, or larger at each of the faces than it is between them.
Research Splay
Splitheads are decorators' adjustable supports, generally extending to a height of about 2.5 meters, with which a working platform can be quickly and easily erected. Splitheads consist of a tripod base and a centre prop surmounted by a swivelling fork head into which one or two planks can be fitted on edge, these planks acting as ledgers to support the platform.
Research Splitheads
In architecture a springer is the impost, or point at which an arch rests upon its support, and from which it seems to spring. Hence the term describes the bottom stone of an arch, which lies on the impost. The skew back is one form of springer. The term is also used to describe the rib of a groined vault, as being the solid abutment for each section of vaulting.
Research Springer
In architecture the springing line of an arch (spring of an arch) is the horizontal line drawn through the junction of the vertical face of the impost with the curve of the intrados.
Research Springing line of an Arch
In architecture a spur is a short wooden buttress of a post. The term also describes a projection from the round base of a column, occupying the angle of a square plinth upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in leafage.
Research Spur
The square pot is a traditional style of British clay chimney pot comprising a square pot topped with an angular cutout on each side to give a slightlu embattled appearance.
Research Square Pot
The square spiked pot was a large, impressive, often decorative British chimney pot.
Research Square Spiked Pot
In architecture, a squinch is a small arch, corbelling, or similar, built across an internal corner of a tower and used to support a superstructure such as a spire for example.
Research Squinch
In architecture a squint or hagioscope is a narrow opening or slit, in a wall of a church, enabling persons in the transept or elsewhere to see the elevation of the Host.
Research Squint
St Paul's Cathedral is a cathedral in London built upon Ludgate Hill, under the guidance of Sir Christopher Wren. The first stone was laid in 1675, following the destruction of the previous Gothic church of St Paul which stood on the site was destroyed in the Great Fire Of London of 1666.
St Paul's Cathedral was completed, except for a few decorations, in 1710. The site was originally host to a Roman temple to Diana, which was replaced by a church to St Paul in the 7th century, which burned down in 1087 and was replaced by a Gothic church in 1240.
Research St Paul's Cathedral
In architecture the term stack describes a number of flues embodied in one structure, rising above the roof. Hence the term also describes any single insulated and prominent structure, or upright pipe, which affords a conduit for smoke; such as the brick smokestack of a factory.
Research Stack
In architecture, staff is a plaster combined with fibrous and other materials so as to be suitable for sculpture in relief or in the round, or for forming flat plates or boards of considerable size which can be nailed to framework to make the exterior of a larger structure, forming joints which may afterward be repaired and concealed with fresh plaster.
In architecture, a staff is a vertical beaded moulding or protective strip at the angle of two walls.
Research Staff
In architecture a staff angle is a square rod of wood standing flush with the wall on each of its sides, at the external angles of plastering, to prevent their being damaged.
Research Staff Angle
In architecture a stalk is an ornament in the Corinthian capital resembling the
stalk of a plant, from which the volutes and helices spring.
Research Stalk
In architecture a stanchion is a prop or support, usually a piece of timber in the form of a stake or post, used for a support or stay.
Research Stanchion
In scaffolding, a standard is a vertical tube or column which transmits load to the ground or a base plate.
Research Standard
In architecture the tern standing finish describes that part of the interior fittings, especially of a house, which is permanent and fixed in its place, as distinguished from doors, sashes, etc.
Research Standing Finish
In architecture a stanza is an apartment or division in a building; a room or chamber.
Research Stanza
In architecture, a steeple is an appendage erected, generally on the western end of a church, to hold the bells. Steeples are of two varieties: spires and towers. A spire continually diminishes as it ascends, either in a cone or pyramid shape, while a tower remains fairly constant in its width and is covered by a flat platform or roof.
Research Steeple
In architecture a stereobate is the lower part or basement of a building or pedestal. The term is used loosely for several different forms of basement.
Research Stereobate
A stile is an arrangement of steps or rungs, made to allow people but not animals to pass over or through a fence or hedge. Stiles are typically found in the countryside.
In architecture a stile is one of the upright pieces in a frame; one of the primary members of a frame, into which the secondary members are mortised. In an ordinary door the principal upright pieces are called stiles, the subordinate upright pieces mullions, and the crosspieces rails. In wainscoting the principal pieces are sometimes called stiles, even when horizontal.
Research Stile
In architecture, a stilted arch is an arch in which the springing line is some distance above the impost, the space between being occupied by a vertical member, moulded or ornamented, as a continuation of the archivolt, intrados, etc.
Research Stilted Arch
Originally, a stoop was a covered porch with seats, at a house door based on the Dutch stoep as introduced by the Dutch into New York. Afterwards the term became applied to an out-of-door flight of stairs of from seven to fourteen steps, with platform and parapets, leading to an entrance door some distance above the street like the French perron. Hence, the term applies to any porch, platform, entrance stairway, or small veranda, at a house door.
Research Stoop
In architecture, a stop is a member, plain or moulded, formed of a separate piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a door or window shuts. This takes the place, or answers the purpose, of a rebate.
Research Stop
In architecture, a stop bead is a moulding screwed to the inner side of a window frame, on the face of the pulley stile, completing the groove in which the inner sash is to slide.
Research Stop Bead
In architecture, a storm door is an extra outside door designed to prevent the entrance of wind, cold, rain, etc. usually removed in the summer.
Research Storm Door
A storm drain is a drain used to carry awat, or drain, excess water. Storm drains are a familiar site at the side of roads where they carry away rain water from the road surface into the sewers from whernce the water is disposed of.
Research Storm Drain
In architecture a story post is a vertical post used to support a floor or superincumbent wall.
Research Story Post
A stoup is a basin for holy water. They are often found built into the wall at the entrance to churches.
Research Stoup
In architecture, a straight arch is a form of arch in which the intrados is straight, but with its joints drawn radially, as in a common arch.
Research Straight Arch
In architecture a straining piece is a short piece of timber in a truss, used to maintain the ends of struts or rafters, and keep them from slipping.
Research Straining Piece
In architecture strapwork is a kind of ornament consisting of a narrow fillet or band folded, crossed, and interlaced.
Research Strapwork
In masonry a stretcher is a brick or stone laid with its longer dimension in the line of direction of the wall.
Research Stretcher
In architecture a stria is a fillet between the flutes of columns, pilasters, or the like.
Research Stria
In architecture a string course is a horizontal band in a building, forming a part of the design, whether moulded, projecting, or carved, or in any way distinguished from the rest of the work.
Research String Course
In architecture a stringpiece is a long piece of timber, forming a margin or edge of any piece of construction but especially applied to one of the longitudinal pieces, supporting the treads and rises of a flight or run of stairs.
Research Stringpiece
In architecture a strix is one of the flutings of a column.
Research Strix
In architecture a strut is in general, any piece of a frame which resists thrust or pressure in the direction of its own length.
Research Strut
Stucco or Roman cement is a hydraulic cement obtained by burning a naturally occurring cement rock consisting of clay and limestone. Stucco was widely used during the 18th and 19th centuries as an external rendering for buildings.
Research Stucco
In architecture a stud is an upright scanting, especially one of the small uprights in the framing for lath and plaster partitions, and furring, and upon which the laths are nailed.
Research Stud
Stump tracery is a term used to describe late German Gothic tracery, in which the moulded bar seems to pass through itself in its convolutions, and is then cut off short, so that a section of the moulding is seen at the end of each similar stump.
Research Stump Tracery
In architecture a stylobate is the uninterrupted and continuous flat band, coping, or pavement upon which the bases of a row of columns are supported.
Research Stylobate
In architecture a substruction is the under building, foundation, or any preliminary structure intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building above the natural level of the ground.
Research Substruction
In architecture a summer is a large stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers, posts, or the like, serving for various uses. Specifically the lintel of a door or window, the commencement of a cross vault, or a central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece reaching from a wall to a girder.
Research Summer
In architecture, supercolumniation is the putting of one order above another. The term is also applied to an architectural work produced by this method; as, the putting of the Doric order in the ground story, Ionic above it, and Corinthian or Composite above this.
Research Supercolumniation
In architecture the term superstructure refers to all that part of a building above the basement.
Research Superstructure
In architecture, a surbase is a cornice, or series of mouldings, on the top of the base of a pedestal, podium, etc.
Research Surbase
A suspension bridge is a form of bridge in which the roadway or railway is suspended from cables attached to and extending between supports.
Research Suspension Bridge
In architecture a swash is an oval figure, whose mouldings are oblique to the axis of the work.
Research Swash
Sweat out is a defect in plaster work whereby the plaster fails to achieve its proper strength and hardness due to the fact that the surface was sealed too early and while still containing moisture by an impervious paint system.
Research Sweat Out
Sweating is a defect in paint or varnish film whereby the oily matter from the undercoats exudes through the surface causing it to become permanently tacky. The defect is often caused by the application of a quick-drying coating over an insufficiently hard undercoat.
Research Sweating
A swivel cupler is a coupler used in tubular scaffolding for joining tubes at any angle other than a right angle, and intended for use in forming diagonal bracings.
Research Swivel Coupler
In architecture, a structure is described as systyle if it has a space equal to two diameters or four modules between two columns.
Research Systyle
|
Abbreviations
Architecture
