In chemistry, aldehyde is the generic name given to the compounds of alcohol intermediate between the alcohols and the acids. Common aldehyde (C2H40) is derived from spirit of wine by oxidation, and is a colourless, limpid, volatile, and inflammable liquid, with a peculiar ethereal odour, which is suffocating when strong; specific gravity, 0.79. Atmospheric oxygen converts it into acetic acid. It decomposes oxide of silver, depositing a brilliant film of metallic silver; hence it is used in silvering curved glass surfaces. Research Aldehyde
Acetaldehyde is a colourless liquid with a pungent, fruity odour. It is used primarily as a chemical intermediate, principally for the production of acetic acid, pyridine and pyridinebases, peracetic acid, pentaerythritol, butylene glycol, and chloral. It is used in the production of esters, particularly ethyl acetate and isobutyl acetate. It is also used in the synthesis of crotonaldehyde, flavour and fragrance acetals, acetaldehyde 1,1-dimethylhydrazone, acetaldehyde cyanohydrin, acetaldehyde oxime, and various acetic esters, paraldehyde, metaldehyde, polymers, and various halogenated derivatives. Acetaldehyde is used in denatured alcohol. In the past it was a chemical intermediate for 2-ethyl-1-butanol, glyoxal, acrolein, and acetaldehyde-aniline condensate. Acetaldehyde has been used in the manufacture of aniline dyes and synthetic rubber, to silvermirrors, and to hardengelatine fibres.
Acetaldehyde has been used in the production of polyvinyl acetal resins, in fuel compositions, and to inhibit mould growth on leather. It is also used in the manufacture of disinfectants, drugs, perfumes, explosives, lacquers, varnishes, photographic chemicals, phenolic and urea resins, rubber accelerators, antioxidants, and room air deodorisers. It is also a pesticide intermediate.
Acetaldehyde is a compound for the intended use as a flavouring agent and adjuvant. It is an important component of food flavourings added to milk products, baked goods, fruit juices, candy, desserts, and soft drinks; the concentration of acetaldehyde in food is usually up to .047%. It is an especially useful synthetic flavouring ingredient to impart orange, apple, and butter flavours, and is used in the manufacture of vinegar and yeast and as a fruit and fish preservative.
Acetaldehyde is a volatile and flammable liquid. It is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, benzene, gasoline, solvent, naphtha, toluene, xylene, turpentine, acetone, and other common organic solvents. It is a highly reactive compound that undergoes numerous condensation, addition, and polymerisation reactions. It is dangerous when exposed to heat or flame; it can react vigorously with oxidising material, acid anhydrides, alcohols, ketones, phenols, halogens, isocyanates, and strong alkalis and amines. It is also incompatible with acids, bases, alcohol, ammonia, amines, phenols, ketones, and hydrogen cyanide. It will polymerise readily in the presence of trace metals. Acetaldehyde can form unstable or explosive peroxides with exposure to the air. It may polymerise under the influence of air and heat, acids, or bases with potential of fire or explosion. It is polymerised violently by concentrated sulphuric acid. Rubber products decompose on contact with acetaldehyde, but it is not corrosive to most metals. It is also known as acetic aldehyde, ethanal, NCI-C56326, and ethyl aldehyde. Research Acetaldehyde
Acetic Acid is an acid produced by the oxidation of common alcohol, and of many other organic substances. Pure acetic acid has a very sour taste and pungent smell, burns the skin, and is poisonous. From freezing at ordinary temperatures (58 degrees or 59 degrees) it is known as glacial acetic acid. Vinegar is simply dilute acetic acid. Acetic acid is largely used in the arts, in medicine, and for domestic purposes. Research Acetic acid
The Dutch process (or stack process) was formerly the principal method by which white lead was prepared. It consisted building a stack of earthenware pots containing acetic acid upon a thick layer of spent tan or manure and placing strips or coils of metallic lead over the pots; boards were then laid to forma false floor over the whole and more stacks built on top. The entire structure was then sealed and over time the metallic lead converted into lead carbonate by corrosion caused by the action of the acetic acidvapour in the presence of carbon dioxide. Research Dutch Process
Ethyl Acetate (acetic ether) is a colourless liquid with a characteristic fruity odour prepared by the esterification of ethyl alcohol with acetic acid. It is used as a solvent and as a flavouring agent. Research Ethyl Acetate
Pyroxylic or wood spirit is the crude spirit obtained by distilling the volatile product of the dry distillation of wood, from which the tar has been separated and the acetic acid neutralized by lime. It consists chiefly of methyl alcohol and acetone, along with a number of other compounds, and is a brownish inflammable liquid. It is used as a solvent for making varnishes and also to mix with ordinary alcohol to denature it. Research Pyroxylic
Vinegar is a four percent solution of acetic acid also containing small amounts of phosphates and other extractive matters. It is generally made by fermenting decoctions of malt, first with yeast, and then converting the alcohol into acetic acid by means of micro-organisms. Research Vinegar
 
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