The Abenaki are an Algonquin tribe originally of North American Indians of central Maine, they were almost wiped out in occasional wars with the New Englanders in 1702, 1722 and 1724 and were afterwards moved to French Canada later in the 18th century. Research Abenaki
The Algonquin (Algonkin) were scattered small groups of American Indians speaking Algonkian languages and living in forest regions around the Ottawa River in Ontario, Canada. Most were slaughtered by the Iroquois or died of European diseases although about 2000 still survive. Research Algonquin
The Arapaho are a North American Indian tribe of the Algonquin family. The Arapaho were a nomadic people who lived by huntingbison and raising horses. By 1905 they were all but extinct as a people, remnants still living near the head-waters of the Arkansas and Platte rivers. Research Arapaho
The Blackfeet (Blackfoot) are a confederacy of three related north American Indian tribes of the Algonquin family: the Siksika, Kainah and Piegan. The Blackfeet got their name after separating from the Kena Indians and migrating to the area north of the Saskatchewan River in Alberta, Canada south to the headwater of the Missouri River in Montana, USA. Research Blackfeet
The Cheyenne are an American Indian tribe of the Algonquin family. They first settled near the Black Hills before the beginning of the 19th century. In 1825 the first treaty of friendship was made with them by General Atkinson. The tribe separated later, and one part moved South. A number of treaties between both divisions of the tribe and the United States were executed. The failure to fulfil the one of 1861 led to war. Negotiations for peace were being made, when, on November the 29th, 1864, ColonelChevington attacked the Sandy Creek village, and massacred 100 Cheyennes. A disastrous war followed. In 1865 the southern division agreed to go on a reservation, except the Dog Soldiers whose village was burned by General Hancock in 1867. This led to another disastrous war, in which General George Custer defeated them at Washita. The northern band continued peaceable. Research Cheyenne
The Crees are a North American Indian tribe of Algonquin stock and speech. They were divided into the Thickwood or Swampy Crees inhabiting the region between Hudson Bay and Lake Winnipeg; and the Plain or Prairie Crees who occupied the open country towards the Rocky Mountains. Traditionally they were at war with the Blackfoot Indians, but with the coming of the Europeans became fur traders trading furs with the Hudson Bay Company. Research Crees
The Delaware Indians were a North American tribe of Indians of the Algonquin family. They were so called Delaware because they lived on the Delaware river, although they called themselves Lenni Lenape.
Penn bought much land of them. At first a peaceable tribe, they were largely under the control of the Five Nations. Later, they became warlike, and had a part in the war with Pontiac. In 1774 they received a signal defeat. After 1768 there were none east of the Alleghenies. The Christian Delawares, converts of the Moravians, were largely massacred by the Americans at Gnadenhutten, near the close of the American War of Independence.
The Fox are a North American Algonquin Indian tribe originally from northern Wisconsin and kinsmen of the Sacs. They were mainly sedentary farmers but also hunted and fished. They were affected by Iroquois expansionism and white settlers. In the American War of Independence they joined the British under De Langlade. They made a treaty in 1804 and ceded lands, but with the English attacked Sandusky in the War of 1812. In 1824 and 1830 they ceded large tracts of land. Though involved in the Black Hawk War they gave up more of their territory in a treaty with General Scott at its close. Later they centred on the Des Moines, and in 1842 were removed, settling on the Osage in Iowa. Research Fox
The Inuit (also Innuit) are a people inhabiting the Arctic coasts of North America, the east islands of the Canadian Arctic, and the ice-free coasts of Greenland. They are short of stature, averaging around 1.6 meters tall, with broad, fat faces, black eyes, brownish yellow skin and coarse black hair. They live by hunting and fishing. Hunting is done with dog drawn sledges, fishing from a canoe. During the summer they live in tents and in winter huts made from turf and snow heated by oil lamps. They tend to live in small groups of twenty to thirty families and practise a shamanistic religion. In 1912 an expedition discovered white Inuit with red hair and blue eyes and implements which led to the belief that they may be descendants of old NorseVikings who visited North America from 1000 onwards. Inuktitut, their language, has about 60,000 speakers; it belongs to the Eskimo-Aleut group. The Inuit object to the name Eskimos (an insulting Abenaki word meaning 'raw flesh-eater') given them by the Algonquin Indians. Research Inuit
The Kickapoos were a North American Indian tribe of the Algonquin family originally of around the Illinois. In 1779 they joined ColonelClark against the English during the American War of Independence, but soon manifested hostility toward the new government. Peace was not fully made until after Wayne's victory in 1795. They then ceded a part of their lands, as they did also in 1802, 1803 and 1804. They joined Tecumseh and fought at Tippecanoe in 1811. In the War of 1813 they allied themselves with the English, but suffered disastrous defeats. In 1815, 1816 and 1819 they ceded more territory, and in 1822 the majority removed from the Illinois to the Osage. Some became roving bands. In 1854 they were removed to Kansas, and in 1863 a party migrated to Mexico, whence 400 returned to Indian Territory in 1873. Research Kickapoos
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Abenaki
