In chemistry the suffix -ide is used to denote: (a) The non-metallic, or negative, element or radical in a binary compound; such as, oxide, sulphide or chloride. (b) A compound which is an anhydride; such as, glycolide or phthalide. (c) Any one of a series of derivatives; such as, indogenide, glucoside, etc. Research -ide
The amides are a group of organic compounds derived from ammonia by the replacement of a portion of the hydrogen by an acidradical. they are usually solid substances, are neutral to litmus, but act as bases to acids, with which they form salts. Treated with phosphoric anhydride, they are dehydrated, and become nitriles; while if they are boiled with aqueouscausticpotash they give off ammonia, and leave the potash in combination with the acid. Research Amides
Anhydride is an oxide of an element or organicradical, capable of combining with water to form an acid. Nearly all the non-metallic elements, as well as several of the metallic elements form
anhydrides. Thus sulphuric anhydride, SO3, with water makes sulphuric acid. Research Anhydride
Carbon dioxide (carbonic anhydride or carbonic acid) is a colourless, poisonous, heavy gas - twenty-two times as heavy as hydrogen - composed of carbon and oxygen with 12 parts by weight of carbon and 32 of oxygen. It is the final product of the complete combustion of carbon. Carbon dioxide is present as about five percent of exhaled air. Carbon dioxide has been variously known in the past as carbonic dioxode, carbonic acid and fixed air.
Carbon dioxide acts as a narcotic poison when present-in the air to the extent of only 4 or 5 percent. It may be tested for by leaving a white precipitate when bubbled through lime-water. It is disengaged from fermenting liquors and decomposing vegetable and animal substances, and forms the choke-damp of mines. From its weight it has a tendency to subside into low places, vaults and wells, rendering some low-lying places, as the upasvalley of Java, and many caves, uninhabitable.
Carbon dioxide has a pleasant, acidulous, pungent taste, and aerated beverages of all kinds - beer, champagne, and carbonated mineral water - owe their refreshing qualities to its presence, for though poisonous when taken into the lungs, it is agreeable when taken into the stomach. This acid is formed and given out during the respiration of animals, and in all ordinary combustions, from the oxidation of carbon in the fuel. It exists in large quantity in all limestones and marbles. It is evolved from the coloured parts of the flowers of plants both by night and day, and from the green parts of plants during the night. During the day plants absorb it from the atmosphere through their leaves, and it forms an important part of their nourishment. Research Carbon Dioxide
Cinnamic Acid or phenylacrylic acid is a white, crystalline organiccompound found naturally in combination in some balsams and prepared synthetically by heating benzaldehyde with sodium acetate in the presence of acetic anhydride. Research Cinnamic Acid
Maleic anhydride is a colourless, crystalline, unsaturated compound that is soluble in acetone and hydrolyses in water. It is used in the production of polyester resins, pesticides, fumaric acid and tartaric acid. Research Maleic Anhydride
Napthalene is a white solid hydrocarbon with a strong smell; is also called mothballs, moth flakes, white tar, and tarcamphor. Naphthalene is a natural component of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal; it is also formed when natural products such as wood or tobacco are burned. The principal use for naphthalene is as an intermediate in the production of phthalic anhydride, which is used as an intermediate in the production of phthalate plasticisers, resins, phthaleins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, insect repellents, and other materials; other products made from naphthalene are moth repellents, in the form of mothballs or crystals, and toilet and diaper pail deodorant blocks. Naphthalene is also used for making leather tanning agents, and the insecticide carbaryl. There are two common compounds related to naphthalene: 1-methylnaphthalene (C11H10), also called alpha- methylnaphthalene; and 2-methylnaphthalene (C11H10), called beta-methylnaphthalene. Naphthalene evaporates easily; when its vapours are mixed with air, the mixture can burn
easily. It is soluble in benzene, alcohol, ether, and acetone; it is soluble in water at 20 degrees C. It is a moderate fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; it reacts with oxidizing materials and chromiumanhydride. It is a moderate explosion hazard, in the form of dust, when exposed to heat or flame. Naphthalene is also known as naphthalin, naphthaline, tar camphor, white tar, NCI-C52904, albocarbon, and naphthene. Research Napthalene
Phosphorus is a non-metallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs widely as a phosphate. It has the symbol P.
Phosphorus is an essential ingredient of all living things, and is present in well-marked amounts in nervous tissue and bones, composing in combination, as calciumphosphate, about 17 percent of the ash of bone. Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy solid that is colourless when pure, and forms brilliant, highly refractive crystals when sublimed in a vacuum, though usually it is more or less coloured pale yellow or buff from the action of light or the presence of impurities. It is practically insoluble in water, but dissolves freely in carbon disulphide and sulphur chloride, being also soluble, though to a lesser extent, in chloroform, aniline, and oils.
Phosphorus is most marked chemically by the readiness with which it is oxidized: thus, it glows and gives off fumes of a garlic odour when exposed to the air, and this reactions often generate enough heat to ignite the sample. When ignited in the open air phosphorus burns with a dazzling white light, forming a snowy deposit of phosphoric anhydride. Research Phosphorus
Abbreviations
Research -ide
