The Italian Heavy Draft is an Italian breed of heavy horse from northern Italy produced for agricultural work and draught work, but also formerly used by the Italian army to transport artillery and today mainly bred for the meat industry. The Italian Heavy Draft stands 15 to 16 hands high, is chestnut or roam in colour and resembles a cobb in appearance. Research Italian Heavy Draft
Henry Knox was an American patriot. He was nborn in 1750 at Boston and died in 1806. A bookseller before the American Revolution. He exchanged this occupation for that of an artillery officer, fought at Bunker Hill, and obtained much credit for his transfer of ordnance in the winter of 1775 - 1776 from the Canadian frontier and the Lake George region to the army around Boston. He was made a brigadier-general of artillery, fought with distinction at. Trenton, Brandywine, Monmouth and Yorktown, and received the grade of a major-general. He was active in the Cincinnati Society, and became Secretary of War under the old Congress in 1785. George Washington reappointed him to this position, which he filled until 1795. Research Henry Knox
Henry Knox was an American patriot. He was nborn in 1750 at Boston and died in 1806. A bookseller before the American Revolution. He exchanged this occupation for that of an artillery officer, fought at Bunker Hill, and obtained much credit for his transfer of ordnance in the winter of 1775 - 1776 from the Canadian frontier and the Lake George region to the army around Boston. He was made a brigadier-general of artillery, fought with distinction at. Trenton, Brandywine, Monmouth and Yorktown, and received the grade of a major-general. He was active in the Cincinnati Society, and became Secretary of War under the old Congress in 1785. George Washington reappointed him to this position, which he filled until 1795. Research Henry Knox
Benjamin B Hotchkiss was an American engineer. He was born in 1830 and died in 1885. He was considered at the time of his death the first artillery engineer in the world. He invented among others, a machine gun and a magazine rifle. Research Benjamin Hotchkiss
Captain Alfred Dreyfus was a French officer falsely accused of espionage. He was born in 1859 at Mulhausen, Alsace and died in 1935. A captain of artillery and general staff-officer in the French army, he was born of a Jewish family. In October, 1894, he was arrested on a charge of communicating military documents to a foreign government, supposed to be Germany; and at a secret court-martial, which sat in December, he was condemned to public degradation and lifelong imprisonment. Early in 1895 he was sent to the the du Diable (Devil's Island), near Cayenne, to undergo his sentence, About the middle of the same year Colonel Picquart became head of the Intelligence Department, and in the course of his official duties he discovered various circumstances tending to throw doubt on the correctness of the court-martial's decision, and pointing to another officer, of the name of Esterhazy, as the real traitor. Picquart was superseded by a Colonel Henry in November, 1897, and in the following January Esterhazy, charged by a brother of the condemned man with having written the bordereau, or memorandum, which was the chief document relied on by the prosecutors of Alfred Dreyfus, was acquitted by a court-martial.
Two days later Zola, the eminent novelist, in a letter headed J'accuse published in the Aurore, made serious charges against the general staff and the government in connection with the Esterhazy court-martial. He was prosecuted, and condemned to pay a heavy fine and undergo a term of imprisonment. In June, 1898, Brisson succeeded Meline as primeminister, and next month Cavaignac, his war minister, read to the Chamber several documents which he regarded as conclusive proof of the guilt of Alfred Dreyfus. The chief of these was soon admitted by Colonel Henry to have been forged by him, and Cavaignac at once resigned.
In June, 1899, the Cour de Cassation ordered a fresh court-martial. Alfred Dreyfus was found guilty with extenuating circumstances, but the verdict was not generally regarded as in accordance with the evidence. He was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment, but was pardoned by President Loubet almost immediately. Several times during the case France seemed on the verge of revolution. Research Captain Alfred Dreyfus
Sir William Edmund Ironside was a Scottish military commander and first Baron Ironside. He was born in 1880 at Ironside, Aberdeenshire and died in 1959. After entering the Royal Artillery in 1899 he served as a Secret Agent during the Second Boer War of 1899 to 1902 disguised as a railwayman. During the Great War he held staff appointments and commanded the Archangel expedition against the Bolsheviks in 1918, and commanded the Allied contingent in North Persia in 1920, before being made Chief of the Imperial General Staff and promoted to field marshal in 1940 and placed in charge of the home defence forces. Research Edmund Ironside
Edward Rutledge was an American politician. He was born in 1749 and died in 1800. He was a delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777. He signed the American Declaration of Independence. He was a member of the first Board of War in 1776, and a member of the committee to draw up Articles of Confederation. He was a commissioner to confer with LordHowe in 1776. He commanded a company of artillery during the siege of Charleston. He was a member of the South Carolina Legislature from 1783 to 1798, and Governor of South Carolina from 1798 to 1800.
*Edward Sabine
Sir Edward Sabine was a British physicist. He was born in 1788 at Dublin and died in 1883. He acted as astronomer in the Ross and Parry expedition of 1819 to 1820 in search of the North-West Passage. He was engaged from 1821 to 1827 in experiments connected with the determination of pendulum vibrations and was president of the Royal Society from 1861 to 1871. Research Edward Rutledge
Friedrich Wilhelm Von Hacklander was a German novelist and comedywriter. He was born in 1816 and died in 1877. He engaged first in commerce, then entered the Prussianartillery, and commenced his literary career in 1841 with Pictures from a Soldier's Life in Time of Peace. He then became successively private secretary to Baron Taubenhein, whom he accompanied to the East, and to the Crown Prince of Wurtemberg. In 1849 he served with the Austrians during the war with Sardinia, and published his observations in Soldier Life in Time of War. He was ennobled by the Emperor Francis Joseph. Amongst his many writings distinguished by a mixture of pathos and humour, may be mentioned Dagnurreotypen (1842), Handel und Wandel (1850), Der Neue Don Quixote (1858), Geschichten im Zickzack (1871); of his comedies, Der Geheime Agent (1850) was the most successful. Research Friedrich Von Hacklander
Henry J Hunt was an American soldier. He was born in 1819 and died in 1889. He was prominent during the Mexican War. He served on McClellan's staff in 1861, and was chief of artillery in the Army of the Potomac from 1862 to 1865, engaging in all its battles. Research Henry Hunt
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Abbreviations
Research Italian Heavy Draft
