In sculpture, a bust is the representation of that portion of the human figure which comprises the head and the upper part of the body. During the literary period of Greece the portrait busts of the learned formed an important branch of art, and in this way we come to possess faithful likenesses of Socrates, Plato, Demosthenes, etc, in which the artists show great power of expressing the character of those represented. The number of busts belonging to the time of the Roman Empire is very considerable, but those of the Roman poets and men of letters have not been preserved in nearly so large numbers as those of the Greeks. The first bust that can be depended upon as giving a correct likeness is that of Scipio Africanus the elder. Research Bust
The Wacky Races was an American animated cartoontelevision show for children, produced from 1968 to 1970 by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. The show was inspired by films such as 'Monte Carol or Bust' and featured a bizarre collection of racers with their equally bizarre vehicles enduring races across country, rather than on a racing track. Perhaps most famous of the characters were the fiendish 'Dick Dastardly' - voice provided by Dave Willock - and his sidekick, 'Muttley' - voice provided by Don Messick - who went on to appear in their own cartoon shows. Other characters of note included the glamorous 'Penelope Pitstop' with her voice provided by Janet Waldo, who drove a pink-coloured sports-car come mobile beauty salon, and seven-dwarves inspired 1920s Chicago gangsters 'The Ant Hill Mob' whose voices were provided by Mel Blanc, driving their classic 1920's car. Research Wacky Races
Givovanni Battista Belzoni was an Italian traveller. He was in 1778 at Padua in 1778 and died near Benin in 1823. In 1803 he emigrated to England, where, being endowed with an almost gigantic figure and commensurate strength, he for a time gained his living as an athlete. In 1815 he visited Egypt, where he made a hydraulic machine for Mehemet Ali. He then devoted himself to the exploration of the antiquities of the country, being supplied with funds by Mr. Salt, the British consul-general. He succeeded in transporting the bust of Memnon (Rameses II) from Thebes to Alexandria, from whence it came to the British Museum; explored the great temple of Rameses II at Abu-Simbel; opened the tomb of Seti I, from which he obtained the splendid alabastersarcophagus bought by Sir John Soane for 2000 pounds; and he also succeeded in opening the second (King Chephren's) of the pyramids of Ghizeh. He afterwards visited the coasts of the Red Sea, the city of Berenice, Lake Moeris, the Lesser Oasis, etc. The narrative of his discoveries and excavations in Egypt and Nubia was received with general approbation. He died during a projected journey to Timbuctoo. Research Giovanni Belzoni
Lorenzo Bartolini was an Italian sculptor. He was born in about 1778 at Florence and died in 1850. He studied and worked in Paris, and was patronized by Napoleon. On the fall of the empire he returned to Florence, where he continued to exercise his profession. Among his greater works may be mentioned his groups of Charity, and Hercules and Lycas, a colossalbust of Napoleon, and the beautiful monument in the cathedral of Lausanne, erected in memory of Lady Stratford Canning. Bartolini ranks next to Canova among modern Italian sculptors. Research Lorenzo Bartolini
Raquel Welch (real name Jo Raquel Tajeda) is an American actress. She was born in 1940 at Chicago, Illinois. A former teenage beauty queen, she studied ballet and drama and moved into films in 1964 and quickly gained recognition for her looks, notably her sizeable bust. Research Raquel Welch More pictures of Raquel Welch
A cent is typically a small coin denoting one hundredth of a larger denomination, such as one hundredth of a dollar or Euro.
In America, the cent is a copper coin stamped with various designs and issued first by the States, later by the Federal Government. Vermont was the first State to issue copper cents, having permitted in June, 1785, Reuben Harmon Jr., to make money for the State for two years. He started a mint at Rupert, Bennington County, coining the Vermont cent of 1785. This coin had on the obverse, wooded mountains and a rising sun with a plough, and the inscription Vermontis. Res. Publica. Exergue 1785. On the reverse was a ring surrounded by thirteen stars with rays springing from the circle; and the legend, Stella. Quarta. Decima.
Connecticut, in October, 1785, granted to Bishop, Hopkins, Hillhouse and Goodrich the right to coin 10,000 pounds of copper cents, known as the Connecticut cent of 1785. These had on the obverse, a mailed bust, head laureated; and the legend, Auctori. Connec. On the reverse they were marked with the goddess of Liberty grasping an olive branch in her right hand and liberty staff in her left, which was surmounted by a liberty cap; and the legend, Inde Et Lib Exergue 1785.
Massachusetts established a mint in 1786, and coined $60,000 in cents and half cents. These were marked on the obverse of the cent with a clothed Indian, in his right hand a bow, in his left an arrow; and the legend, Common + Wealth. On the reverse was marked a spread eagle, a shield on his breast bearing the word cent, his talons grasping an olive branch and a bundle of arrows; And the legend, Massachusetts, Exergue 1787, beneath a horizontal bar.
New Jersey granted to Goadsby and Cox, in 1786, the right to coin 10,000 pounds at fifteen coppers to the shilling, known as the New Jerseycopper coin of 1786. These were marked on the obverse with a horse's head, heraldic wreath and a plough; and the legend, Nova. Csesarea. Exergue 1786. On the reverse was a shield; and the legend, E Pluribus Unum.
In 1781 the Continental Congress directed Robert Morris to look into the matter of Governmental Coinage. Robert Morris proposed a money unit equal to one-fourth of a grain of fine silver, an equivalent of one-fourteen-hundred-and-fortieth of a Spanish dollar. The coin equal to one hundred of these units was to be called a cent from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred, 500 units a quint, 10,000 units a mark. These were not accepted, but in 1784 Jefferson proposed in his coinage report to Congress that 'the smallest coin be of copper, of which two hundred shall pass for one dollar'. In 1786 the hundredth was substituted. Copper cents began to be coined in the USA in 1793. In 1796 their weight was reduced and in 1857 the small nickel cent was substituted, and in 1864 the small bronze. Research Cent
The Maryland penny was a copper coin of the value of two cents, coined in England by LordBaltimore in 1659, and issued in Maryland the same year. The obverse of this penny was stamped with a profilebust of LordBaltimore. The reverse contained a ducal coronet upon which were erected two masts, each bearing a flying pennant with the legend Denarium: Terrae-Mariae. This coin was issued simultaneously with the Maryland shilling. Research Maryland Penny
English Shillings were first struck in 1504 of 925 (sterling) silver. In 1919 the English shilling was reduced to silver of a 500 fineness and in 1947 they ceased to be made of silver at all.
In America shillings were first issued from the mint at Boston. Its coins were of the value of 12d, 6d and 3d pieces, and 'every shilling weighing the three-penny trojweight and lesser peeces proportionably'. The first struck were mere planchets stamped near the border NE, and on the reverse the value indicated by XII, similarly impressed. The first struck were known as the New England Shilling and these were followed by the Willow Tree, Oak Tree and Pine Tree coins. Their weight was 72 grains, and their value 18.25 cents. The tree coins all bore the same date, the Pine Tree being the most conspicuous.
Maryland also, in 1659, had shillings coined in London by LordBaltimore; their weight was 66 grains, and their value 16.73 cents. They bore a profilebust of LordBaltimore, an escutcheon with his arms and the figure XII denoting the value.
There was also the Bermuda shilling or Hogge penny, one of the earliest coins used in America.
K-9 is a crime comedy starring James Belushi and Mel Harris in a story about a crazy American policeman who is close to nailing a drugs bust, but no-one will work with him except an Alsatianpolicedog. K-9 was directed by Rod Daniel in 1989. Research K-9
Abbreviations
Research Bust
