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Action photography refers to the taking of photographs of moving objects, typically at sports events. Action photography requires a camera shutter speed of at least 1/500 of a second, any slower and the action will be blurred. This implies the use of faster photographic film, generally recommended is 400 ASA or faster film, but this is low resolution and grainy, particularly when photographs are enlarged to A4 size or larger. Modern cameras often try to over rule the photographer with low light warnings, and refuse to operate if the camera believes the light is too low for the shutter speed. A method of avoiding this is to load the camera with 200 or 400 ASA film, but set the camera to a faster film speed, often double that actually loaded. Photographs may be slightly under exposed, but can be lightened after processing.
A long lens is essential for photographing sporting events. 500 mm or even 600 mm being ideal, but 300 mm will often suffice, and the lens needs to be of at least reasonable quality and aperture size, certainly no worse than F5. Camera bodies are least significant. But if using auto focus it can be found that cheaper cameras are too slow to auto focus, and quick manual focusing particularly with a long lens is a highly skilled craft.
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Autagonistophilia is the sexual arousal of being on stage or of performing in front of a camera.
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Papal Curia in its stricter sense is the authorities which administer the Papal primacy; in its common wider use it describes all the authorities and functionaries forming the Papal court. The different branches of the curia having respect to church government are the sacred congregation of cardinals, the secretariat of state, and the vicariate of Rome, the machinery employed being supplied by the chancery, the dataria, and the camera apostolica. As 'supreme judge' in Christendom the pope acts through special congregations and delegated judges, or through the regular tribunals of the rota and segnatura, and the penitenziaria. The institution of the Papal chapel and the household of the pope (Famiglia Pontificia) are also classed as departments of the curia; and finally the functionaries maintaining the external relations of the pope - legates, nuncios, apostolic delegates, etc. Formerly the curia included besides these the mechanism and functions of secular administration.
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Berenice Abbott was an American photographer. She was born in 1898 at Springfield, Ohio and died in 1991. She is famous for her documentation of New York City and for her pioneering camera work in the physical sciences. She studied sculpture in New York City and Paris before turning to photography in the mid-1920s at the suggestion of the American surrealist Man Ray. Through Ray she met the photographer Eugene Atget just before his death in 1927 and worked tirelessly to spread his fame. She Returned to the USA in 1929 and resolved to record New York City with a camera in the manner that Atget had recorded Paris; the result was her epic ' Changing New York'. From the 1940s to the 1960s Abbott explored natural phenomena (such as magnetism) with a camera.
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Frederic Villiers was a British war artist and correspondent. He was born in 1852 and died in 1922. He was war artist for the 'Graphic' in most wars from 1872 and was the only war artist at the siege of Port Arthur. In 1909 he was with the Spanish army in Morocco and both the French and British armies in France from 1914 to 1917. He was the first to use a cinematograph camera in war.
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George Eastman was an American inventor. He was born in 1854 and died in 1932. In 1880 he developed a process for making dry photographic plates and subsequently pioneered the use of transparent photographic film. He established the Kodak camera company, marketing the first Kodak camera in 1888, and providing a developing and printing service.
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Vladimir Kosma Zworykin was an American physicist and electronic engineer. He was born in 1889 at Murom, Russia and died in 1982. He went to the Institute of Technology in St Petersburg, the College de France, and, after his emigration to the USA in 1919, at the University of Pittsburgh. He became an American citizen in 1924 and in 1929 director of the Electronic Research Laboratory of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) at Princeton. He made important contributions to both the transmission and the reception of television and was largely responsible for the development, during the 1920s and 1930s, of the television camera and picture tube. He also directed the group that in 1939 successfully produced a powerful electron microscope.
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William Friese-Greene was an English photographer and the inventor of kinematography. He lived in North London, and it was there in 1889 that he invented the first working moving film camera, which he demonstrated early one morning to a passing policeman. He died in 1921.
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Jason Lively is an American actor, director, camera-man and producer. He was born in 1968.
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Bo Derek (real name Mary Cathleen Collins) is an American actress and glamour model. She was born in 1956 at Long Beach, California. Bo Derek became famous after appearing as the sultry, sexy Jenny Hanley in the 1979 comedy 10. Bo Derek is less renowned for her acting ability - she was awarded the title worse actress for her role in the 1981 film Tarzan the Ape Man - than for her willingness to undress for the camera. This willingness to undress (including being photographed for Playboy magazine) led to her being a favourite pin-up of the 1980's.
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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