Dickinson College is one of the older American colleges. It was founded at Carlisle, Pennsylvania., in 1783, and named in honour of John Dickinson, then president of the State, who gave it valuable gifts. A Presbyterian institution from its foundation until 1833, it was then transferred to the Methodists. President Buchanan and Chief Justice Taney were among its alumni. Research Dickinson College
Andrew Marvell was an English poet. He was born in 1621 at Winstead and died in 1678. In 1650 he was chosen to tutor Mary, daughter of LordFairfax. In 1653 he was introduced by Milton to Bradshaw, and became a member of the most enlightened and philosophic party in the politics of the commonwealth. After serving as tutor to a nephew of Oliver Cromwell he was chosen to assist Milton in the Latin secretaryship. In 1659 he was elected member for Hull, and succeeded in holding his seat until his death. He was thus able to protect Milton from royalist reprisals. In 1663 he accompanied LordCarlisle on an embassy to Russia, Sweden and Denmark. In 1667 he began to write his powerful satires against the king, the Duke of York, LordDanby, the Papists, and the high Churchmen. Research Andrew Marvell
Archibald Campbell Tait was a Scottish prelate and teacher. He was born in 1811 at Edinburgh and died in 1882. Educated at Glasgow University and at Balliol College, Oxford he became a fellow and tutor at Balliol College and was ordained into the Church of England in 1836. In 1842 he became head teacher of Rugby school and in 1849 Dean of Carlisle and in 1856 bishop of London. In 1868 he was chosen archbishop of Canterbury. Research Archibald Tait
Benedictines are members of the most famous and widely-spread of all the orders of monks, founded at Monte Casino, about half-way between Rome and Naples, in 529, by St Benedict.
No religious order has been so remarkable for extent, wealth, and men of note and learning as the Benedictines. Among the branches of the order the chief were the Gluniacs, founded in 910 at Clugny in Burgundy; the Cistercians, founded in 1098, and reformed by St Bernard in 1116; and the Carthusians from the Chartreuse, founded by Bruno about 1080. The order was probably introduced into England about 600 by St Augustine of Canterbury, and a great many abbeys, and all the cathedral priories of England, save Carlisle, belonged to it. Their habit consists of a loose black gown with large wide sleeves, and a cowl on the head ending in a- point. The Benedictines have produced many valuable literary works.
The fraternity of St Maur, founded in 1618, had in the beginning of the 18th century 180 abbeys and priories in France, and acquired fame by means of its learned members, such as Mabillon and Montfaucon. They published the celebrated chronological work, L'Art de Verifier les Dates, besides others. Research Benedictines
Bernard Barton was a British bank clerk and amateur poet. He was born in 1784 at Carlisle and died in 1849. He worked all his life as a clerk at a bank in Woodbridge, Suffolk, but also wrote books of poetry including the 1812 'Metrical Effusions' and 1822 'Napoleon and Other Poems'. Research Bernard Barton
Charles Edward Stuart, called the Pretender, was the grandson of James II king of England, son of James Edward and Clementina, daughter of Prince Sobiesld. He was born in 1720 at Rome and died in 1788. In 1742 he went to Paris and persuaded Louis XV to assist him in an attempt to recover the throne of his ancestors. Fifteen thousand men were on the point of sailing from Dunkirk, when the English admiral Norris dispersed the whole fleet. Charles Stuart now determined to trust to his own exertions. Accompanied by seven officers he landed on the west coast of Scotland, from a small ship called the Doutelle. Many Lowland nobles and Highland chiefs went over to his party. With a small army thus formed he marched forward, captured Perth, then Edinburgh on September the 17th 1745, defeated an army of 4000 British under Sir John Cope at Prestonpans on September the 22nd, and advancing obtained possession of Carlisle., He now caused his father to be proclaimed King, and himself Regent of England; removed his head-quarters to Manchester, and soon found himself within 100 miles of London, where many of his friends awaited his arrival. The rapid successes of the adventurer now caused a part of the British forces in Germany to be recalled. Want of support, disunion, and jealousy among the adherents of the house of Stuart, some errors, and the superior force opposed to him, compelled Prince Charles Stuart to retire in the beginning of 1746. The victory at Falkirk on January the 28th, 1746 was his last. As a final attempt he risked the battle of Culloden against the Duke of Cumberland, on April the 16th, 1746, in which his army was defeated and entirely dispersed.
The prince now wandered about for a long time through the wilds of Scotland, often without food, and the price of 30,000 pounds sterling was set upon his head. At length, on September the 20th, 1746, five months after the defeat of Culloden, he escaped in a French frigate. He received a pension of 200,000 livres yearly from France, and of 12,000 doubloons from Spain. Forced to leave France by the terms of the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748 he went to Italy, and in 1772 married a princess of Stolberg-Gedern, from whom eight years later he was separated.. He latterly fell into habits of intoxication, and he died Jan. 31, 1788, and was buried at Frascati. After his death, his funeral service was performed by his only surviving brother, the Cardinal of York, with whose death in 1807 the Stuart line ended. The cardinal received a pension from Britain of £4000 a year until his death. Research Charles Stuart
Francis Atterbury was an English prelate. He was born in 1662 and died in 1731. Educated at Westminster and Oxford. In 1687 he took his degree of MA and appeared as a controversialist in a defence of the character of Luther, entitled, Considerations on the Spirit of MartinLuther, etc. He also assisted his pupil, the Honourable Mr. Boyle, in his famous controversy with Bentley on the Epistles of Phalaris. Having taken orders in 1691 he settled in London, became chaplain to William and Mary, preacher of Bridewell, and lecturer of St Bride's.
Controversy was congenial to him, and in 1706 he commenced one with Dr. Wake, which lasted four years, on the rights, privileges, and powers of convocations. For this service he received the thanks of the lower house of convocation and the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Oxford. Soon after the accession of Queen Anne he was made Dean of Carlisle, aided in the defence of the famous Sacheverell, and wrote A Representation of the Present State of Religion.
In 1712 he was made Dean of Christ Church, and in 1713 Bishop of Rochester and Dean of Westminster. After the death of the queen in 1714 he distinguished himself by his opposition to George I and having entered into a correspondence with the Pretender's party was apprehended in August, 1722, and committed to the Tower. Being banished the kingdom, he settled in Paris, where he chiefly occupied himself in study and in correspondence with men of letters. But even here, in 1725, he was actively engaged in fomenting discontent in the Scottish Highlands. He died in 1731, and his body was privately interred in Westminster Abbey. His sermons and letters are marked by ease and grace; but as a critic and a controversialist he is rather dexterous and popular than accurate and profound. Research Francis Atterbury
Frederick Howard, fifth earl of Carlisle was a British statesman. He was born in 1748 and died in 1825. In the House of Lords he advocated reconciliation with America, and was one of the commissioners sent over in 1778 to endeavour to effect it. Research Frederick Howard
James Buchanan was the fifteenth president of the USA from 1857 to 1861. He was born in 1791 at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania and died in 1868. After graduating from Dickinson college, Carlisle, Pennsylvania he studied law at Lancaster for two years and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He served in the lower house of the state legislature from 1814 to 1816 and from 1821 to 1831 in the US congress. As the chairman of the judiciary committee he conducted the 1830 impeachment trial of Judge H Peck. An anti-slavery supporter, he put his own political ambitions before his moral views, and compromised with the Southern States over slavery so as to not lose their support in his bid for President. Research James Buchanan
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Dickinson College
