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The cartilaginous fish is a general designation for those fishes whose skeleton consists of cartilage instead of bone, and which comprise the sharks and skates or rays.
 Research Cartilaginous Fish
Chondrichthyes is a subclass of fish including the sharks, dogfishes, skates and rays. They are fishes with a cartilage endoskeleton. The jaws are well formed.
Research Chondrichthyes
Adam's Apple is the popular name for the thyroid cartilage. That is the prominence seen in the front of the throat of man. It is small and invisible in females. It is so called from the notion that a piece of the forbidden fruit stuck in Adam's throat.
Research Adam's Apple
Alar nasal cartilage makes up the apex of the nose. The apex of the nose is made up of paired lateral alar cartilages. Each lateral alar cartilage has a shape similar to a horseshoe and partially encircles the nostril. These make up the large, flat lateral wall and the inferior extension makes up the medial wall. The medial wall forms the movable nasal septum, which divides the nasal cavity. Two to four lesser alar cartilages (sesamoid cartilages) are also found on each side of the nose at the back end of the lateral wall of the alar cartilage.
Research Alar Nasal Cartilage
The anterior nasal spine is a small protrusion at the base of the nasal cavity, just above the teeth. This spine juts out slightly beyond the plane of the maxilla and serves to anchor the nasal cartilage.
Research Anterior Nasal Spine
Arthritis generally refers to the condition of inflamed joints that are stiff and painful. Heredity and physical stress to joints and bones seem to be the leading factors in the development of arthritis. Damage to joints and the cartilage surrounding them that fails to heal properly will usually lead to an arthritic condition. Although everyone feels stiffness and soreness in their joints from time to time, people with arthritis usually are in almost constant pain, and the condition tends to get progressively worse. In the worst cases, an arthritic condition can be crippling and cause deformities. By the age of 70, 85% of the population will suffer from arthritis to some degree. Even though there is no cure or prevention for arthritis, there are a wide variety of treatments to reduce the pain and impact of the condition.
Research Arthritis
Articulated bones feature a cartilaginous covering at the joints, which facilitates the articulation by protecting the bones from shock and providing a softer bed to which the synovial membrane may be attached. Osteoarthritis is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly people in which the
articular cartilage becomes inflamed making movement of the bones at the affected joints painful.
Research Articular Cartilage
In anatomy, articulation describes a joint; the joining or juncture of the bones. This is of three kinds: (1) Diarthrosis, or a movable connection, such as the ball-and-socket joint; (2) Synarthrosis, immovable connection, as by suture, or junction by serrated margins; (3) Symphysis, or union by means of another substance, by a cartilage, tendon, or ligament.
Research Articulation
During swallowing, the aryepiglottis muscle draws the epiglottis downward to close the larynx, preventing food and drink from being inhaled. It originates from the arytenoid cartilage and inserts in the epiglottic cartilage near the thyroepiglotic ligament. It is innervated by the laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve.
Research Aryepiglottis
The arytenoid cartilages are two small, upward protrusions located at the back of the larynx. They pivot on the ring-like cricoid cartilage and are attached to it by the cricoarytenoid muscles. The vocal cords are attached to the arytenoid cartilages, from which they span across the larynx to part of the thyroid cartilage on the other side. By flexing or relaxing the cricoarytenoid muscles, the arytenoid cartilages are forced to pivot, causing the vocal cords to be brought together for speech or separated, for breathing. The vocal and cricothyroid muscles then control their tension. This variable tension in the vocal cords allows a wide range of tones to be produced from them.
Research Arytenoid Cartilages
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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