Culilawan Bark (clove-bark) is a valuable aromatic pungent bark, the produce of a kind of cinnamon tree, Cinnamomum Culilawan, a tree of the Moluccas, useful in indigestion, diarrhoea, etc. Research Culilawan Bark
Cinnamomum is a genus of plants, of the natural order Lauraceae, natives of tropical Asia and the Polynesian Islands. All the species possess an aromatic volatile oil, and one of them yields true cinnamonspice, while others yield cassia. Research Cinnamomum
Cinnamon is a species of laurel (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), which is chiefly found in Sri Lanka, but grows also in Malabar and other parts of the East Indies. The tree attains the height of about nine meters, has oval leaves, pale-yellow flowers, and acorn-shaped fruit. The Ceylonese bark their trees in April and November, the barkcurling up into rolls or quills in the process of drying; the smaller quills being introduced into the larger ones. These are then assorted according to quality by tasters, and made up into bundles. An oil of cinnamon is prepared in Sri Lanka, but the oil of cassia is generally substituted for it; indeed, the cassiabark is often substituted for cinnamon, to which it has some resemblance, although in its qualities it is much weaker. The leaves, the fruit, and the root of the cinnamon plant all yield oil of considerable value; that from the fruit, being highly fragrant and of thick consistence, was formerly made into candles for the sole use of the King of Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Research Cinnamon
The hoopoe (Upupa) is a bird about 30cm long with a fine crest of pale cinnamon-red feathers tipped with black. The upper surface is on the whole an ashy-brown colour while the wings are black, the coverts having white bars; the throat and breast a pale fawn colour, the abdomen white, with black streaks and dashes. It is a ground feeder eating mainly insects. It nests in cavities of trees or walls, and its eggs vary from four to seven. The hoopoe utters a loud double or treble hoop, whence its name. Research Hoopoe
Norfolk Beefing is an English species of apple. It was raised in Norfolk and first known under its present name in 1807. The fruit is round and red and good for cooking when first picked, the flesh tastes almost of raisins and cinnamon, but sweet enough to eat uncooked by spring. Once used for drying, the flesh is very firm and the apples store well. Research Norfolk Beefing
The springbok (Gazella euchore) is a species of gazelle found in South Africa. The springbok stands about 75 cm high, and has cinnamon-yellow coloured hair with white under parts and a line of white hair along its back. The horns are lyre-shaped and about 35 cm long. The springbok is noted for its high bounds when running. Research Springbok
Touchwood (Fomes igniarius) is a woody fungus of the natural order Polyporiaceae. It is very destructive to forest and orchard trees. The visible portion of the plant is a hard, hoof-shaped bracket about 13 cm across with concentric zones above, ultimately black in colour. The underside is convex and a cinnamon colour. New growths are added to the margin and underside each spring. Thin slices of touchwood if ignited, will continue to smoulder until completely burned away, and the material was used by aboriginal Stone Age inhabitants of the British Isles to carry fire from place to place. Research Touchwood
Abbreviations
Research Bale
