Apelles was the most famous of the painters of ancient Greece and of antiquity. He lived in the fourth century BC, probably at Colophon. Ephorus of Ephesus was his first teacher, but attracted by the renown of the Sicyonian school he went and studied at Sicyon. In the time of Philip he went to Macedonia, and there a close friendship between him and Alexander the Great was established. The most admired of his pictures was that of Venus rising from the sea and wringing the water from her dripping locks. His portrait of Alexander with a thunderbolt in his hand was no less celebrated. His renown was at its height about 330 BC. Among the anecdotes told of Apelles is the one which gave rise to the Latin proverb, 'Ne sutor supra crepidam' -' Let not the shoemaker go beyond his shoe.' Having heard a cobbler point out an error in the drawing of a shoe in one of his pictures he corrected it, whereupon the cobbler took upon him to criticise the leg, and received from the artist the famous reply. Research Apelles
Urban IV was Pope from 1261 until his death in 1064. The son of a French cobbler of Troyes, Jacques Pantaleon studied in Paris and became successively canon of Laon, archdeacon of Liege, bishop of Verdun, in 1253, and patriarch of Jerusalem, in 1255. Innocent IV employed him in various missions, and in 1261 he was elected pope at Viterbo. Urban IV's policy led ultimately to the final overthrow of the enemy of the papacy, the Hohenstaufen dynasty. He secured French intervention in Italy, in the person of Charles of Anjou, by the offer of the Sicilian crown, but Italy had to be won back from Manfred, prince of Tarentum. Urban's diplomacy kept off Manfred, but the pope did not live to see the accomplishment of his schemes, and he died at Perugia, on October the 2nd, 1264. Urban IV established the feast of Corpus Christi. Research Urban IV
USS Cobbler was an American Balao Class submarine of 1525 tons displacement launched in 1945 which saw action during the Second World War. USS Cobbler was powered by diesel engines providing a top speed of 21 knots, carried a complement of 75 and was armed with one 4-inch gun, two 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns; six 21 inch bow torpedo tubes and four 21 inch sterntorpedo tubes. Research Cobbler
Cobbler is Australian and New Zealand slang for a difficult sheep that struggles during shearing, often the last sheep to be shorn in the day. Research Cobbler
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Research Apelles
