Francis Marion Crawford was an American novelist. He was born in 1854 at Bagna di Lucca Italyand died in 1909. The son of the American sculptorThomas Crawford, he was educated in America, and at Cambridge (England), and on the European continent, being long a resident in Italy after a spell as a journalist in India. His works include Mr Isaacs (1882) and a long series of others, for instance, Dr. Claudius, A Roman Singer, Marzio's Crucifix, Saracinesca, Sant'Ilario, A Cigarette-maker's Romance, The Witch of Prague, Pietro Ghisleri, Love in Idleness, Casa Braccio, Taquisara, Corleone, etc. Research Francis Crawford
St Hubert is the Apostle of Ardennes, a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, the patron of huntsmen and patron saint of cheese. He was of a noble family of Aquitaine, While hunting in the forests of Ardennes he had a vision of a stag with a shining crucifix between its antlers, and heard a warning voice. He was converted, entered the church, and eventually became Bishop of Maestricht and Liege. He was alleged to have worked many miracles, and is said to have died in 727 or 730. He is buried at the Abbaye de Maroilles in northern France. Research St Hubert
A crucifix is a Christian image, often worn as an amulet, comprising an image of Christ on the cross. As an amulet the crucifix offers the wearer Christ's protection against evil. As a rule the figures on the most ancient crucifixes were not carved, but were engraved on gold, silver, or iron crosses. At a later period they were painted on wood, and it is only in the 9th century, in the pontificate of Leo III, that the figure of Christ appears carved upon the cross in bass-relief.
Originally the body was represented clothed in a tunic reaching to the feet; afterwards the clothing was removed with the exception of a cloth round the loins. Until the llth century Christ is represented alive; since that period he has been represented as dead. In the earlier crucifixes, also, the number of nails by which Christ is fixed to the cross is four, one through each hand and each foot, while in the more modern ones one foot is laid above the other and a single nail driven through both. Many crucifixes bear also the superscription in an abbreviated form, and accessory symbols and figures. Research Crucifix
Abbreviations
Research Francis Crawford
