Andrea Appiani was an Italian painter. He was born in 1754 at Milan and died in 1817. As a fresco-painter he excelled every contemporary painter in Italy. He displayed his skill particularly in the cupola of Santa Mariadi S. Celso at Milan, and in the paintings representing the legend of Cupid and Psyche, prepared for the walls and ceiling of the villa of the Archduke Ferdinand at Monza in 1795. Napoleon appointed him royal court painter, and portraits of almost the whole of the imperial family were painted by him. Research Andrea Appiani
BARON Antoine-Jean Gros was a French historical painter. He was born in 1771 at Paris and died in 1835 by committing suicide. He studied art under David, and subsequently became a staff officer in the French army. In this position he produced his picture of the Victor of Arcola, by which he secured the favour of Napoleon. In 1804 he produced his Plague at Jaffa, tvith Napoleon visiting the sick, a work which was crowned at the Louvre. He painted various battle scenes; but his chief work is probably the Cupola of St. Genevieve at Paris, exhibiting the saint protecting the throne of France, represented by Clovis, Charlemagne, St Louis, and Louis XVIII. The artist received for it 100,000 francs and the title of baron. The rise of the romantic school deprived him of his popularity, and he drowned himself in the Seine in 1835. Research Antoine-Jean Gros
Carlo Cignani was an Italian painter. He was born in 1628 at Bologna and died in 1719. He was the last great painter of the Bolognese school. His finest paintings are frescoes in the saloon of the Farnese Palace, Bologna, and in the cupola of the Church of the Madonnadel Fuoco at Forli. His paintings have been engraved by various artists. Research Carlo Cignani
The GIAT AMX-40 is a French main battle tank designed in the early 1980s as an improved model in the AMX series, improvements being made in armour, mobility and firepower. The AMX-40 is manned by a crew of four and armed with a 120 mm main gun, a 20 mm cannon in the commander's cupola and a 7.62 mm machine-gun. Powered by a Poyaud 12-cylibnder diesel engine the AMX-40 has a top speed of 70 kmh and a range of 600 km. Research AMX-40
The AS90 is a British 52 calibre 155 mm self-propelled Howitzer. The AS90 carries a crew consisting of the driver plus four or three operators in the cupola, a commander, a gun layer and an ammunition loader. The AS90 entered service with the British Army in 1992 and went into service in 1993. The
AS90 is fitted with a 155 mm 39 or 52 calibre gun barrel. An automated loading system enables the gun to fire with a burst rate of 3 rounds in under 10 seconds, an intense rate of 6 rounds per minute in three minutes and a sustained rate of 2 rounds per minute. The system fires the full range of current NATO 155 mm ammunition. The range of the AS90 is 24.7 km using conventional ammunition. The AS90 also fires assisted rounds which provide an extended range to 30 km. Fitting a 52 calibrebarrel instead of the standard 39 calibre extends the range beyond 40 kilometres. The vehicle is powered by a Cummins 660 horsepower V8 diesel engine. The vehicle is of all- welded steelarmour construction which is rated to withstand impact by 7.62 mm and 14.5 mm armour piercing shells and 152 mm shell fragments. An enhanced version of the Howitzer, the Desert
AS90 (AS90D), has been built to provide high capability in arduous desert conditions, including a thermal cover installed on the turret roof and solar reflective paint providing protection for the crew against hot metal burns. Research AS90
The Bofors 57 Mk3 gun is a naval all-target gun based on the well-proven 57 Mk2, but uses a new generation of computers which provide many new features, the most significant of which is the introduction of programmable all-target 3P ammunition. The gun is designed with a stealthcupola which provides an extremely low signature. The gun has a fully automatic loading system containing 120 rounds of ammunition ready-to-fire. In the twin compartment magazine the shift between types of ammunition, which takes only a split second, is fully automatic. In the air defence role the highly effective ammunition, super-accuracy combined with the 220 rounds/minute rate of fire, results in high kill and short firing sequences. Against surface and shore targets the accuracy (range 17000 meters) and effect of each surface target shell, combined with the high rate of fire, gives a gun system that outmatches the enemy in any surface combat situation. Mechanically, the Bofors 57 mm gun is almost identical to the 57 Mk2 gun. The weight of the
gun system including 1000 rounds is approximately 13000 kg. The 57 Mk3 can be installed on ships from 150 tonnes and upwards. Research Bofors 57 MK3
The IMR is a Soviet armoured engineer vehicle based on a T-55tank with the turret replaced by a crane and an armoured cupola. A pincer was added for removing trees, and a front-mounted dozer blade fitted. The IMR is manned by a crew of two and has a top speed of 48 kmh and a range of 400 km. Research IMR
The M103 was an unsuccessful American heavy tank produced between the 1950s and 1960s. The M103 was armed with a 120 mm rifled gun, 7.62 mm coaxial machine-gun and a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine-gun mounted on the commander' s cupola. The M103 was manned by a crew of five, and protected by armour 12. 7 to 178 mm thick. A Continental AV-1790-5B or 7C V-12 petrol engine provided a top speed of 34 kmh and a range of 130 km. The main problems found with the M103 were the difficulty of concealing it due to its large size, mechanical unreliability, poor range and difficulty in handling. Research M103
The M3 Lee was an American medium tank of the Second World War. It went into production in 1941 and was designed by the Rock Island Arsenal. It was a 27- tonne medium tank with a 75 mm gun mounted in a side sponson, a 37 mm gun plus coaxial machine-gun in a small rotating turret, a bow machine-gun and a fourth machine-gun on the commander's cupola for all-round and anti-aircraft defence. It had a crew of six, armour plate up to 57 mm thick and could achieve a top speed of 26 mph and had a range of 193 km. Research M3 Lee More pictures of M3 Lee
The M48A1 MBT is an American Main Battle Tank (MBT) developed from the M48 MBT. The M48A1 MBT is manned by a crew of four. It is powered by an AV-1790-7C engine rated at 810 hp providing a top speed of 26 mph and a range of 70 km. Armaments consist of a 90 mm gun; 7.62 mm coaxial machine-gun and a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine-gun mounted on the commander's cupola. Research M48A1 MBT
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Andrea Appiani
