John Frederick Daniell was an English physicist. He was born in 1790 at London and died in 1845. In 1816 together with Brande he started the Quarterly Journal of Science and Art. In 1820 he published an account of a new hygrometer which he had invented. In 1831 he was appointed professor of chemistry in King's College, London, and made further important discoveries, chief amongst which was his apparatus for maintaining a powerful and continuous current of electricity in galvanic batteries. For these discoveries he received successively the three medals in the gift of the Royal Society. In 1843 he was made a DCL of Oxford. Research John Daniell
Sir John Wfrederick william Herschel was an English astronomer. He was born in 1792 at Slough, near Windsor and died in 1871. The only son of Sir William Herschel, in 1813 he graduated BA at Cambridge, and was Senior Wrangler and Smith's Prizeman. After his father's death he spent eight years reviewing the nebulae and clusters of stars discovered by his father. The results were given in 1833 to the Royal Society in the form of a catalogue of stars. The catalogue contained observations on 525 nebulas and clusters of stars not noticed by his father, and on a great number of double stars, between 3000 and 4000 in all.
In 1830 he produced his excellent Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, and about the same time published several treatises in the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, Lardner's Cyclopeadia, etc. In 1834 he established, at his own expense, an observatory at Feldhuysen, near Cape Town, his object being to discover whether the distribution of the stars in the southern hemisphere corresponded with the results of his father's labours in the north.
He returned to England in 1838, and in 1847 was published Results of Astronomical Observations made during 1834-38 at the Cape of Good Hope, being the Completion of a Telescopic Survey of the Whole Surface of the Visible Heavens. He was one of the earliest pioneers in photography; was made a DCL of Oxford; and on the queen's coronation he was created a baronet.
In 1848 he was president of the Royal Astronomical Society, and in 1850 was appointed Master of the Mint, an office which he resigned in 1855. Among Sir John Herschel's other works are Outlines of Astronomy, Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects, and a translation of the Iliad in verse. Research John Herschel
Robert Brown (Robert Browne) was the founder of an English religious sect first called Brownists, and afterwards Independents. He was born about 1540 and died in 1633. Educated at Cambridge, where, in 1580, he began openly to attack the government and liturgy of the Church of England as anti-Christian. After attacking the Established Church for years he was excommunicated, but was reinstated, and held a church living for over forty years. The sect of Brownists, far from expiring with their founder, soon spread, and a bill was brought into parliament which inflicted on them very severe pains and penalties. In process of time, however, the name of Brownists was merged in that of the Congregationalists or Independents.
Robert Brown was a Scottish botanist. He was born in 1773 at Montrose and died in 1858. The son of a Scotch Episcopalian clergyman, he received his education at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and afterwards studied medicine at Edinburgh. In 1800 he was appointed naturalist to Flinders' surveying expedition to Australia. He returned with nearly 4000 species of plants, and was shortly after appointed librarian to the Linnsean Society. In 1810 he published the first volume of his great work Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. No second volume of it ever appeared.
He was the first English writer on botany who adopted the natural system of classification, which has since entirely superseded that of Linnaeus. In 1814 he published a botanical appendix to Flinders' account of his voyage, and in 1828 A Brief Account of Microscopical Observations on the Particles contained in the Pollen of Plants, and on the General Existence of Active Molecules in Organic and Inorganic Bodies. He also wrote botanical appendixes for the voyages of Ross and Parry, the African exploration of Denham and Clapperton and others, and described, with Dr. Bennet, the plants collected by Dr. Horsfield in Java. In 1810 he received the charge of the collections and . library of Sir Joseph Banks. He transferred them in 1827 to the British Museum, and was appointed keeper of botany in that institution.
He became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1811, DCLOxford in 1832, a foreign associate of the French Academy of Sciences in 1833. He had the Copley medal in 1839, and was appointed president of the Linnaean Society in 1849. As a naturalist Robert Brown occupied the very highest rank among men of science. A collection of his miscellaneous writings was published by the Ray Society in 1866 and 1867. Research Robert Brown
Robert Browning was an English poet. He was born in 1812 at Camberwell and died in 1889. After completing his education at University College, London, he went to Italy, where he made diligent study of its mediaeval history and the life of the people. In 1846 he married Elizabeth Barrett, and thereafter resided chiefly in Italy, making occasional visits to England. His first poem, Pauline, was published in 1833; followed by Paracelsus in 1835; Stratford, a Tragedy (1837), produced at Covent Garden, Macready and Helen Faucit playing the chief parts. Sordello appeared in 1840, followed by the series called Bells and Pomegranates, including the three plays Pippa Passes, King Victor and King Charles, and Colombo's Birthday; four tragedies: The Return of the Druses, A Blot on the Scutcheon, Luria, and A Soul's Tragedy; and a number of Dramatic Lyrics, among them the well-known Pied Piper of Hamelin, and How they Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix (1841-46).
Between 1846 and 1868 appeared Men and Women; Christmas Eve and Easter Day; Dramatis Personse, and some shorter poems. The Ring and the Book (1869), his longest poem, was followed by Balaustion's Adventure; and Prince Hohenstiel - Schwangau (1871); Fifine at the Fair (1872); Red Cotton Nightcap Country (1873); Aristophanes' Apology; Inn Album (1875); Pacchiarotto (1876); La Saisiaz (1878); Dramatic Idylls (1879-80); Jocoseria (1883); Ferishtah's Fancies (1884); Parleyings with certain People of Importance in their Day (1887); Asolando (1889). He received the degree of DCL from Oxford in 1882. A Browning Society for the study of his works was formed in 1881, under whose auspices several of his dramas were performed. His poems are often difficult to understand from the quick transitions of thought, and they are not infrequently rugged and harsh in expression, yet they are among the chief poetic utterances of the 19th century. Research Robert Browning
Sir William Herschel was an Anglo-German astronomer. He was born in 1738 and died in 1822. He discovered the planetUranus. The son of a Hanoverian musician, he came to England in 1757, and was employed in the formation of a military band, and in conducting, while organist at Bath, several concerts, oratorios, etc.
Although enthusiastically fond of music, he had for some time devoted his leisure hours to the study of mathematics and astronomy; and being dissatisfied with the only telescopes within his reach, he set about constructing instruments for himself. Late in 1779 he began a regular survey of the heavens, star by star, with a 7-feet reflector, and discovered, on March the 13th, 1781, a new primary planet, named by him the Georgium Sidus, but now known as Uranus. This discovery extended his fame throughout the world, and brought him a pension of 400 pounds a year, with the title of private astronomer to the king.
Assiduously continuing his observations, he measured the rotation of Saturn, discovered two of its satellites, and observed the phenomena of its rings. He also discovered the satellites of Uranus, and observed the volcanic structure of the lunar mountains. At Slough, near Windsor, he erected a telescope of 40 feet length, and completed it in 1787.
William Herschel received much assistance in making and recording observations from his sister Caroline Herschel and latterly his brother, a skilful optical instrument maker, lent him valuable aid. In 1802 he laid before the Royal Society a catalogue of 5000 nebulse and clusters of stars which he had discovered. He was made DCL by the University of Oxford, and in 1816 was knighted. Research William Herschel
DCL is an abbreviation for Digital Command Language
DCL is an abbreviation for Direct Communications Link
DCL is an abbreviation for Doctor of Canon Law Research DCL
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