A ghost word is a word which is taken to be a word, but is not. Ghost words typically occur due to printing or typesetting errors, a classic example being the 'word' 'Dord' which appeared by accident in the 1934 Webster's Second International Dictionary as a synonym of density. In fact, the inclusion of 'Dord' was an error caused by misinterpreting the phrase 'D or d' which are abbreviations for density. Research Ghost Word
A neutron star is a star that has collapsed under its own gravity. It is composed solely of neutrons, has a mass of between 1.4 and about three times that of the sun, and a density in excess of 107 kilograms per cubic metre. Research Neutron Star
Tethys is a satellite of Saturn. It was discovered by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1684. It has a nearly circular equatorialorbit at 294,660 km from the planet's centre. Its diameter is 1,060 km and its density is 1,200 kg/m3, indicating a predominantly icy composition. All parts of its surface are heavily cratered. Two outstanding topographic features are the giantOdysseuscrater, 400 km in diameter, and a trench or large valley, Ithaca Chasma, about 100 km in width and several kilometres deep. Research Tethys
The Harnai is a fat tail, mutton/wool type breed of sheep. They are found in parts of Loralai, Quetta, Sibi and Zhob districts in Baluchistan Province. They are medium size with a white body coat with a black or tan spotted head and ears. They have a compact body with a small fat tail, high fibre density. Research Harnai
The masked shrew or Laxmann's shrew (Sorex caecutiens) is a medium-sized shrew with white feet with silvery, shining hair and a sharp demarcation of the upper body and underside. The tail is tipped with a bushy tuft; and it has uni-cuspid teeth rather uniform size. Masked shrews live in coniferous forests, tundra and moorland, feeding mainly on insects, especially Coleoptera, a few spiders, myriapods and earthworms, larch seeds and may feed on other small mammals. The breeding season is from June to August, with up to four litters per year, which may be up to eleven young, but average seven or eight. In years of low spring density, young females of the first litters take part in reproduction greatly contributing to rapid population recovery. Research Masked Shrew
The Somali is a breed of long-haired cat renowned for its playful attentiveness and for its keen abilities as a mouser and hunter of small game. It has a lush and slightly shaggy coat, each individual hair carrying ten or more colour tickings, giving the coat a very rich colour density. The ears are large, pointed, and set wide apart, the tail is full and brushy and held over the back when the cat is moving. The eyes are hazel, amber, or green and almond-shaped. It has a lively and shrewd demeanour and is suited to a life indoors, although it needs space to run and play. Research Somali
Anaximenes was an ancient Greek philosopher. He lived about 550 BC. According to him, air was the first principle of all things. Finite things were formed from the infinite air by compression and rarefaction produced by eternally existent motion; and heat and cold resulted from varying degrees of density of the primal element. Research Anaximenes
Charles Sanders Peirce was an American philosopher and physicist. He was born in 1839 at Cambridge, Massachusetts and died in 1914. He was educated at Harvard University. In 1861 Peirce was appointed to the US Coast Survey. Between 1864 and 1884 he lectured intermittently on logic and philosophy at Johns Hopkins and Harvard universities, and in 1877 he became the first American representative to the International Geodetic Congress. In 1861 Peirce began a series of experiments with pendulums that contributed greatly to the determination of the density and shape of the earth, and also an investigation of the measurement of light waves. In 1867 he turned his attention to the system of logic created by the British logician and mathematician George Boole, and he worked on extending and transforming Boolean algebra until 1885. Peirce is perhaps best known for his philosophical system, later called pragmatism. Research Charles Peirce
Edwin Dunkin was an English astronomer. He was born in 1821 and died in 1898. He was educated at private schools, and in 1838 joined the staff of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich. He became chief assistant in 1881, but resigned the post three years later. During his period of service he represented the astronomer-royal in many important expeditions, being sent to Christiania in 1851 to observe the total eclipse of that year, and having charge of the pendulum experiments undertaken in 1854 near South Shields to determine the mean density of the earth. He was president of the Royal Astronomical Society from 1884 to 1886. Among his published works are: On the Movement of the Solar System in Space determined from the Proper Motions of 1167 Stars (1863); On the Probable Error of Transit Observations (1860-64); The Midnight Sky: Familiar Notes on the Stars and Planets (1869); Obituary Notices of Astronomers (1879); and many papers in scientific journals. Research Edwin Dunkin
Henry Cavendish was an English physicist and chemist. He was born in 1731 at Nice and died in 1810. The son of Lord Charles Cavendish, and grandson of the second Duke of Devonshire, he devoted himself exclusively to science, and greatly contributed to the progress of chemistry, having discovered the peculiar properties of hydrogen, the composition of water, etc. He also wrote on electricity, and determined the mean density of the earth. He lived in great retirement, and though very wealthy his habits were extremely simple. His writings consist of treatises in the Philosophical Transactions. Research Henry Cavendish
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Abbreviations
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