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The ISO (International Standards Organisation) assigns a two character code to each country name. These codes are used by Internet 'whois' databases (these two character abbreviations are the whois country codes) and also other applications.
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Sir Edward Frankland was an English chemist and authority on sanitation. He was born in 1825 near Lancaster and died in 1899. At Lancaster he served an apprenticeship to a chemist, afterwards studying in London under Playfair, and at Marburg and Giessen under Bunsen and Liebig respectively. In 1851 he became professor at the newly founded Owens College in Manchester, and in 1852 suggested the conception of the valency of organic compounds. In 1853 he was elected FRS, and in 1857 received the society's gold medal. From 1863 to 1868 he was Professor of Chemistry in the Royal Institution, and held a similar post in the Royal School of Mines (afterwards merged in the Royal College of Science) from 1865 to 1885.
He was many years government water-analyst, and in 1868 was appointed a member of the second Royal Commission on river-pollution. He was a member of various foreign scientific academies, and was made KCB in 1897. He and Sir Norman Lockyer were the original discoverers of helium in 1868. In 1877 he published a volume of Experimental Researches in Pure, Applied, and Physical Chemistry, a work on Inorganic Chemistry (with FR Japp in 1884), and many other works and papers.
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The FR-F1 (Fusil a Repetition Modele F1) was a French manually-operated bolt-action sniping rifle designed to replace the Modele 1936 sniper rifle in the French army. The FR-F1 was manufactured in two calibres: 7.5 mm and 7.62 mm NATO, fed from a 10-round box magazine, and had a muzzle velocity of about 850 metres per second and an effective range of 800 metres. The FR-F1 had a 552 mm long barrel and although usually used with a Modele 53 bis telescopic sight, was fitted with a flat topped pyramid iron foresight with a luminous spot and a square shouldered notch iron rearsight with luminous spots. The FR-F1 was fitted with a bipod with fully adjustable legs, mid-way along the length of the rifle. The FR-F1 saw action with the 2nd Parachute Battalion of the French Foreign Legion in Shaba province, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) in 1978.
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The FR-F2 is a French bolt-action sniping rifle designed to replace the FR-F1 sniper rifle in the French army. The FR-F2 is chambered for the 7.62 mm NATO cartridge fed from a 10-round box magazine. Improvements on the FR-F1 include the addition of a flash suppressor and a heavier barrel.
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The Giat FR-F1 was a French precision bolt action sniping rifle produced in 7.5 mm calibre from 1966 to 1980. The rifle was first designed as a target rifle and then modified for use as a sniping rifle and the action was based on the MAS36 service rifle. During the 1970s the calibre was changed to 7. 62 mm NATO. The rifle takes a ten round magazine and is fitted with a bipod.
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The Giat FR-F2 is a French precision bolt action sniping rifle produced in 7. 62 mm NATO calibre from 1984. It is an improved version of the Giat FR-F1 with a thermal insulating sleeve over the barrel to prevent warping due to heat and reduce the infra-red signature, and the fire-end is of plastic- covered metal instead of wood. The bipod has also been strengthened.
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The France I or FR-1A was the first French spacecraft to be launched. The FR-1A was a scientific satellite launched in 1965 into a near-polar orbit, and designed to measure the components of both the electrical field and the magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave emitted by a ground station within the VLF range of 15-20 kHz, the local electronic density and the Earth's magnetic field with the objective of studying wave-field properties in the magnetosphere and ionisation irregularities within the magnetosphere and thus promote a better understanding of radio wave propagation. The FR-1A consisted of a central body surmounted by pylons and aerials.
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The Ryan FR-1 Fireball was an American single-seater jet fighter produced from 1944 to 1945 and used by the US Navy as a trainer until 1947. The Ryan FR-1 was powered by a Wright R-1820-72W Cyclone, 9-cylinre, radial piston engine and a General Electric J 31-GE-2 turbojet providing a top speed of 650 kmh and a range of 2606 km. Armaments consisted of four machine-guns.
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FR is an abbreviation for France
FR is an abbreviation for Frame Relay
FR is an abbreviation for Failure Report
FR is an abbreviation for Frequency Received
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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