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Auto da fe (Act of Faith) was the ritual execution of heretics by the Inquisition after a confession had been extracted. The ceremony always took place on a Sunday, but not at regular intervals, maybe once every two, three or four years. The victims were walked in procession wearing the san benito, the coroza, the rope around the neck, and carrying a yellow wax candle in their hand. The san benito was a penitential tunic of yellow cloth reaching to the knees and painted on it was a picture of the person who wore it, burning in flames with figures of dragons and devils in the act of fanning the flames. The costume indicated to the watching crowds the wearer was to be burned alive as an incorrigible heretic. If the person was only to do penance, then the san benito had on it a cross, and no painting or flames. If the victim was converted just before being led out, then the san benito was painted with the flames downward (known as fuego resuelto) and indicated that the wearer was not to be burned alive, but to be first strangled before burning.
At one time the san benito were hung up in the churches as monuments to the Inquisition. The coroza was a pasteboard cap, one metre high, ending in a point. On it were likewise painted crosses, flames and devils. Gags were kept on hand in case a victim insulted the tribunal or revealed what had occurred to them as they were led along to the place of execution where a large scaffold was erected.
The stake where the victim was to be burned varied in form, and was either a simple stake mounted in the ground, or was about three metres tall, with a small board near the top where the victim sat and was chained to the stake. Following prayers and attempts to convert the victim to the Roman Catholic faith, burning furzes were thrust into the face until the victim's face was burned before furzes around the base of the stake were ignited and the victim burned to death.
Victims were burned, because the inquisitors were forbidden to 'shed blood', the Roman Catholic church maintaining the line that it is untainted with blood.
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Edmund Fanning was an American soldier. He was born in 1737 and died in 1818. At first a clerk of the North Carolina Supreme Court and a legislator. In 1777 he commanded a corps of loyalists, and fled to Nova Scotia at the close of the American War of Independence, having been notorious for his barbarity as a leader in partisan warfare.
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The Babinski reflex, named after the French neurologist Josef Babinski, is produced by firmly stroking the lateral border of the sole of the foot. This action causes the dorsiflexion of the big toe and the fanning of the other toes. The reflex is normal in newborns. If it exists in children or adults, it may indicate neurological damage, usually a lesion in the pyramidal tract. An opposite reflex, the plantar reflex, is a superficial reflex that occurs in older children and adults. It is easily evaluated. Using a moderately sharp object, the lateral border of the sole of the foot is stroked, starting at the heel and continuing to the ball of the foot, and then proceeding across the ball of the foot toward the big toe. This stimulus should cause all five toes to bend downward.
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The USS Fanning was an American Dunlap Class destroyer of 1490 tons displacement launched in 1936. The USS Fanning was powered by four Express Type oil-burning boilers providing a top speed of 36.5 knots and a range of 9600 km. She carried a complement of 210 and was armed with five 5 inch dual-purpose guns; four machine-guns and twelve 21 inch torpedo tubes arranged in three quadruple arrangements.
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The USS Fanning is an American Knox Class frigate of 3011 tons standard displacement launched in 1970. The USS Fanning is powered by two Combustion Engineering boilers providing a top speed of 27 knots and a range of 6400 km at 22 knots running on one boiler. She carries a crew of 288 including 17 officers and is armed with eight McDonnell Douglas Harpoon surface-to-surface missiles; a Honeywell ASROC Mk 16 octuple anti-ship launcher; one FMC 5 inch/54 Mk 42 Mod 9 dual-purpose gun; a General Electric/General Dynamics 20 mm/76 6-barrelled Mk 15 Vulcan Phalanx gun and two pairs of 324 mm Mk 32 torpedo tubes taking the Honeywell Mk 46 and Mk 50 torpedoes. A SH-2F LAMPS I helicopter is also carried.
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Fanning Springs is a city partly in Gilchrist County and partly in Levy County, Florida, USA.
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
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