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The ISO (International Standards Organisation) assigns a two character code to each country name. These codes are used by Internet 'whois' databases (these two character abbreviations are the whois country codes) and also other applications.
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The Armstrong Whitworth AW27A Ensign was a British civil airliner of the early 1940's. The Armstrong Whitworth Ensign was a high-wing cantilever monoplane of metal construction. Four Wright GR-1820-G102A 9-cylinder air-cooled radial engines provided a top speed of 328 kmh and a range of 2200 km. The Armstrong Whitworth Ensign carried a crew of five and either 27 or 40 passengers in either three or four separate cabins with sleeping facilities for 20 passengers for night flights.
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The Boeing 307 Stratoliner was an American civil airliner developed at the same time as the Boeing B-17 and designed to have common components as the military bomber. The Boeing 307 had accommodation for a crew of five and 33 passengers, and was powered by four 900 hp Wright GR-1820 Cyclone radial piston engines providing a top speed of 396 kmh and a range of 3846 km. The Boeing 307 was the world's first high-altitude aircraft, a pressurised cabin allowing it to cruise at 23000 feet above turbulence. In 1942 the USAAF took over TWA's Boeing 307s and used them for long-range VIP transport aircraft for the highest ranking civilian and military personnel under the designation C-75, before returning the aircraft to civilian use after the war.
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The Boston MK III was an American built, primarily British used (Australia, France, the Netherlands and Russia also used a few variants of the DB-7) variation of the Douglas DB-7 light attack bomber of the Second World War in service from 1940 to 1946. The Boston Mk III carried a crew of four comprising a pilot in an enclosed cockpit, bombardier/gunner in the glazed nose, radio operator/ gunner in the fuselage and a gunner in the dorsal position. Two Wright GR-2600-A5B Double Cyclone radial piston engines each rated at 1600 hp provided the Boston Mk III with a top speed of 320 mph and a typical range of 1995 km, depending upon weapon load. The Boston Mk III was armed with four 0.303 inch Browning fixed forward-firing machine-guns on the sides of the forward fuselage, two 0.303 inch Browning trainable machine-guns in the dorsal position and one 0.303 inch Vickers 'K' trainable machine-gun in the ventral position. Up to 2000 lb of disposable stores could be carried in two lower fuselage weapon bays each rated at 1000 lb and generally comprising four 500 lb or eight 250 lb bombs. The Boston Mk III was ordered by the RAF to satisfy a requirement for a fast daylight bomber, and Douglas designed the aircraft as the DB-7B with some modifications including; improved self-sealing fuel tanks, additional armour plating, increased glazing in the bombardier nose, various strengthening features and improved fuel consumption.
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The Lockheed Hudson was an American built five-seater reconnaissance bomber of the Second World War used by British coastal command and also other Allied armed forces. The Lockheed Hudson was the military version of the Lockheed Fourteen commercial aeroplane, a mid-wing cantilever monoplane powered by various engines, originally two Wright GR-1820-G102A engines providing a top speed of 440 kmh and was armed with two 0.303 inch calibre Browning machine-guns in the nose, two in a turret on top of the fuselage, two mounted on beam mountings either side of the fuselage and one retractable machine-gun beneath the fuselage. Disposable ordnance of 1400 lb of bombs or depth charges could also be carried in the fuselage below the cabin. A British Coastal Command Hudson was the first aircraft to capture a submarine.
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The Martin Model 187 Baltimore was an American-made British four-seater light bomber of the Second World War used by the RAF in the Mediterranean. The
Martin Baltimore was a mid-wing cantilever monoplane powered by two Wright Cyclone GR-2600-A5B5 14-cylinder radial air-cooled engines providing a top speed of 488 kmh. The Martin Baltimore was armed with four 0.50 inch calibre machine-guns in the wings; two 0.50 inch calibre machine-guns in a Martin power-operated turret on top of the fuselage and one 0.50 inch calibre machine-gun on a flexible mounting in the underside of the fuselage. The
Martin Baltimore carried a bomb load of 2000 lb in an internal bomb-bay.
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The Tornado (Panavia) is a joint British, German and Italian two-seater, variable-geometry ground-attack aircraft that entered service in 1980. Britain uniquely adopted the Tornado both for ground attack and produced a modified version for air defence. The Tornado been operational in the British RAF in several different forms:
Tornado GR 1 interdictor/strike aircraft for close air support, counter air attack and defence suppression; The Tornado GR 1A is an all weather day and night tactical reconnaissance aircraft and has no forward facing cannons; The
Tornado GR 1B is the long range maritime attack version; The Tornado F3 is the long range air defence fighter. The Tornado is generally fitted with two 25 mm cannons on each side of the fuselage and is equipped with a wide range of weapons - reconnaissance models have the cannons removed. For close air support and interdiction the aircraft is typically equipped with iron bombs, cluster bombs and laser guided bombs. In the defence suppression role it is equipped with anti-radar missiles. The GR 1B Maritime Attack Tornado variant in service with the Royal Air Force is equipped with up to four Sea Eagle anti-ship missiles. The F3 Air Defence Tornado is armed with short range and medium range air-to-air missiles. A typical weapons payload would include four Sidewinder short range missiles and four Skyflash medium range missiles. The Tornado is powered by two Turbo-Union RB.199-34R Mk 101 turbofans providing a top speed of Mach 2.2 and a range of 1390 km typically. By 2004 the British GR 1 models had been upgraded to new GR 4 models. The
Tornado is poorly thought of among the British RAF where it is known as the 'Greater Finned Land Shark' and is disliked for its poor manoeuvrability and speed.
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The Vultee V-11 (A-19) was an American three-seater light attack bomber of the Second World War in service from 1937 to 1947. The A-19 was powered by a Wright GR-1820-G2 radial piston engine giving a top speed of 383 kmh and a range of 3830 km. The A-19 was armed with four 0.3 inch calibre Browning fixed forward-firing machine-guns in the leading edges of the wings, one 0.3 inch calibre Browning trainable rearward-firing machine-gun in the rear cockpit, one 0.3 inch calibre Browning trainable rearward-firing machine-gun in the retractable ventral position. In addition 2180 lbs of disposable stores could be carried in a lower-fuselage weapons bay rated at 1080 lbs and on under-wing hard points, and generally consisted of 36 30lb bombs carried internally and 1100 lbs of bombs carried under the wings. The A-19 was little used by the Americans during the war, rather some sixty were supplied to China and about 40 each to the USSR and Turkey and another 26 to Brazil.
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GR is an abbreviation for Greece
GR is an abbreviation for General Research
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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