The Episcopal Church is what may be called the Church of England in America. Its history begins with the settlement at Jamestown in 1607, among whose settlers was a clergyman, Reverend R Hunt, who laboured zealously in the colony throughout his life. The clergy were supported by grants from the Legislature, and afterward by tithes, and the interests of the church were carefully fostered by the Virginia Company and by the successive royal governors. William and Mary College was chartered in 1693 in order to educate the clergy for the colonial churches.
By 1701 Maryland for the most part had become Episcopal and attempts were soon made to establish the church in the more southern colonies, but with poor success. In New York City Trinity Church was founded 1696, and generally throughout the Middle States the church was spread through the agency of the Society for Propagating the Gospel, chartered in 1701. By the time of the American Revolution there had been established in New England thirty-six churches. The American War of Independence greatly lessened the influence of the church, which naturally was English in sympathy, but in 1785 the first general convention was held and remodelled the organization to suit the new political condition.
Two years later American bishops were consecrated in London (Seabury in Scotland in 1784), and thus the formal organization of the American church was completed. During the next twenty years the church lost almost all its power through dissension and the withdrawal of State aid, but from that time on a steady growth has been manifest. Research Episcopal Church
Lotus was a motorcar company founded in 1952 by Colin Chapman, who built his first racing car in 1948, and also developed high-powered production saloon and innovative sports cars, such as the Lotus-Cortina and Lotus Elan. Lotus has been one of the leading Grand Prix manufacturers since they entered Formula One 1960. Jim Clark, twice world champion, had all his Grand Prix wins in a Lotus. The last Lotus world champion was Mario Andretti in 1978. After Colin Chapman's death, the company won some Grand Prix with Ayrton Senna. Without Chapman's innovative direction, the team never regained its momentum, and after a series of management changes the directors Peter Collins and Peter Wright made heroic efforts to keep the team going until the end of the 1994 season, when underfunding and debts forced it into administratorship. David Hunt, brother of James Hunt, bought the company from the administrator and tried, unsuccessfully, to find sponsors to enable Lotus to continue and develop a new race car. In January 1995 a world famous name in motor racing ceased to exist. Research Lotus
The Pendleton Act was an American act for the reformation of the American national civil service, introduced into the Senate by George Hunt Pendleton, of Ohio in 1880, but which did not become a law until January the 6th, 1883. It provided for open competitive examinations for admission to the public service in Washington, and in all custom-houses and post-offices where the official force is of as many as fifty; for the appointment of a Civil Service Commission of three persons and for the apportionment of appointments according to the population of States. Research Pendleton Act
Barn Owl is the popular name for birds of the sub-family Tytonidae of the owl family Strigidae. Barn owls differ from the typical owls in having a heart-shaped rather than circular face, smaller eyes, which are never yellow as in some Strigidae, and longer legs. They hunt at night, and their food consists principally of small mammals. Most have mottled brown upper parts and pale under parts, usually lightly speckled. Research Barn Owl
The Basset Hound is a long bodied, short, smooth-haired, crooked legged breed of French dog. The breed first achieved prominence in Britain at the end of the 19th century and was used in packs to hunt hares and rabbits, or in beating and covert work generally. Basset Hounds have a tenacious nature, and will set off in pursuit if they pick up a scent, are stubborn and greedy but are also friendly and tolerant. Research Basset Hound
The Bedlington Terrier is a British breed of dog first developed in the 1820s when Joseph Ainsley developed them crossing with Whippets to produce an active, playful huntingdog which is fast enough to hunt rabbits and hares as well as rabbits, and with a willingness to swim became a favourite with poachers. Their tenacious nature has also been utilized in dog- fighting circles.
The Bedlington Terrier derived its name from Bedlington, in Northumberland, having first become well known as a favourite among the miners of that place. It is a dog of moderate size, head rather long, with a light, silky tuft on top, ears hanging close to the cheeks, legs moderately long and strong, tail tapering to the point, which is almost bare; colour, dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver and tan, sandy, or sandy and tan; courageous, intelligent and generally useful. Research Bedlington Terrier
The Borzoi or Russian Wolfhound is a breed of dog introduced into England in 1870 when a pair were given to the Prince of Wales. The breed was used in Russia to hunt wolves, the dogs being used in pairs rather than packs. The
Borzoi has a narrow-domed, long skull with long powerful jaws. The neck is long and slightly arched and very powerful. The coat is usually white and they reach a height of 73 cm. In nature the Borzoi is less playful than other breeds, and needs space to run. Research Borzoi
The buckhound is a breed of dog, formerly very common in England but rare since 1900. They were exclusively employed for buck-hunting, and closely resemble the staghound (though smaller). Until 1897 a royal pack was maintained. In 1901 on the recommendation of a select committee to consider the provision to be made for the crown, the mastership of the buckhounds and the royal hunt were abolished. Research Buckhound
The Cairn Terrier is a Scottish breed of small dog originating before the 17th century. The breed evolved in the west of Scotland and on the Isle of Skye and were first exhibited in 1909 when they were described as short-haired Skye Terriers, however breeders of Skye Terriers objected to the name and the present name was adopted. In 1913 the breed was introduced to the USA. They are even-tempered and affectionate dogs which make good family pets, although they will instinctively hunt vermin and have a tendency to dig - including flowerbeds! Research Cairn Terrier
Calamarinae is a subfamily of reptiles of the typical snakes family (Colubridae). The subfamily contains nine genera divided into some 65 species found in south Asia across New Guinea and the Philippines, mainly in rain forests and montane rainforests to an altitude of 1800 metres. Most members have pointed or shovel-shaped snout, and the head is indistinct from the body. Generally the rostal shield extends forward over the mouth, the scales are smooth and iridescent and the relatively short tail ends with a spine. All of the members of the subfamily are subterranean, living in burrows, emerging at night or after heavy rain to hunt earthworms and over invertebrates and larvae. Some species live in termite mounds and feed on the termites and their nymphs. Research Calamarinae
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Episcopal Church
