Dutch Mordant is an acid used in etching for dissolving parts of the plate. Dutch Mordant comprises a solution of hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate providing a clean and regular action which is preferred for fine, close work such as aquatint and soft-ground etching. Research Dutch Mordant
Johann Rudolf Glauber was a German chemist. He was born in 1603 at Karlstadt and died in 1668. He was a zealous alchemist but his experiments resulted in valuable chemical discoveries. He was the first to produce hydrochloric acid from oil of vitriol and salt. He also discovered sodium sulphate, which is named after him as Glauber's Salt. Research Johann Glauber
Syntonin or acid albumin is an intermediate product of the gastric digestion of albuminates, or proteids, which are eventually transformed into peptones. Syntonin may be produced outside the body by the prolonged action of dilute hydrochloric acid upon minced muscle. It is precipitated by sodium chloride and many other salts, as well as by neutralisation with alkalis, but not by heat. Research Syntonin
Algin (Alginic Acid) is an insoluble polymeric, polysaccharide substance resembling albumin, but not coagulated by heat. It is obtained from seaweed, chiefly the genera Fucus and Laminaria, as a precipitate after boiling with sodium carbonate and adding hydrochloric acid. It is used as a dressing for fabrics and paper and as a thickening for soups and jellies, and as an emulsifier in ice-cream and other foods. In an insoluble form it can be cut, turned, and polished, like horn or vulcanite. Research Algin
Aniline (Phenylamine or amido-benzene) is an oily liquid occurring in coal-tar and made by the reduction of nitro-benzene and used in the manufacture of chemicals, dyes and drugs. It was discovered in 1826 by Unverdorben among the products of distillation of indigo. In 1856 Bechamp obtained it from nitro-benzene. Benzene, when acted on by nitric acid, produces nitro-benzene; and this, when reduced with iron-filings or scraps, and a small amount of hydrochloric acid, yields aniline. It is also prepared by passing an electric current through a mixture of nitro-benzene and sulphuric acid. It is a colourless oily liquid, somewhat heavier than water, with a peculiar smell, and a burning taste. It is a basic substance, and, like the alkaloids, forms salts with different acids. An important group of aniline dyes are the azo dyes, obtained by the action of nitrous acid and the phenols on aniline. The manufacture of these aniline dyes was introduced in 1856 by Mr. Perkin of London but were most largely manufactured in Germany. Research Aniline
1,2-Dichloroethane is a clear, thick man-made liquid that is not found naturally in the environment. It has a pleasant odour and sweet taste. It is used primarily to make vinyl chloride and a number of other solvents that remove grease, glue, and dirt, including trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, vinylidene chloride, and ethyleneamines. It is also found in commercial solvents used by industry to clean cloth, remove grease from metal, and break down oils, fats, waxes, resins, and rubber. In the household, 1,2-dichloroethane can be found in some cleaning agents and pesticides; in some adhesives, such as those used to glue wallpaper or carpeting; and in some paint, varnish, and finish removers. It is also added to leaded petrol to prevent engine knock.
1,2-Dichloroethane is used as an insect fumigant for stored grains and in mushroom houses, as a soil fumigant in peach and apple orchards, and as an extractant in certain food processes.
1,2-Dichloroethane is volatile at room temperature; it is flammable and burns with a smoky flame. Small amounts of 1,2-dichlorethane released in water or onto soil can vaporize into the air. It does not remain in the air for very long but can remain in water for possibly more than 40 days. 1,2-Dichloroethane is miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether, and chlorinated solvents, and soluble in common organic solvents. It is sparingly soluble in water. When heated to decomposition, it produces toxic fumes of hydrochloric acid. Other names for 1,2-dichloroethane are 1,2-ethylene dichloride; aethylenchlorid; alpha, beta-dichloroethane; borer sol; di-chlor-mul-son; dichloro-1,2-ethane; dichloroethylene; Dutch liquid or oil; ethane dichloride; ethane 1,2-dichloride; ethyleen dichloride; ethylene chloride; ethylene dichloride; freon 150; glycol dichloride; and sym-dichlorothane. Research Dichloroethane
Hydrochloric acid is evolved during volcanic eruptions, and is found in the water which collects in the crevices of mountains, as well as in rivers which take their rise in volcanic formations, especially in South America. It is manufactured by decomposing common salt with sulphuric acid. A mixture of equal volumes of hydrogen and chlorine combines slowly in diffused daylight, but explosively in bright sunlight. Hydrochloric acid is colourless, has a pungent odour, and an acidtaste. It is quite irrespirable, extinguishes flame, and dissolves very readily in water. Its solution is ordinary hydrochloric acid, and is used for the preparation of chlorine for the bleaching-powder manufacturer. It is also used in the preparation of glue, phosphorus, carbonic acid, artificial waters, etc. In medicine it was formerly used diluted as a tonic and astringent. In a concentrated form it is a powerful caustic. Research Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrogen sulphide also known as hydrosulphuric acid or sulphuretted hydrogen, is a colourless inflammable gas produced by the putrefaction of sulphurous organic matters, and is present in certain natural mineral waters. It is usually prepared by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on iron sulphide. It has a sweet taste but a very nauseous odour resembling that of rotten egg's. It has poisonous effects when breathed, and experiments have shown that birds perished in air which contained a very small part of the gas. Research Hydrogen Sulphide
Abbreviations
Research Dutch Mordant
